GRAMMAR: Tenses used to describe Future

1 a) Will is used:

*for future facts: Our boss will celebrate his 50^th anniversary this Sunday.

*to make predictions based on a personal opinion: The train won't get us there in time.

*to make requests and offers: Will you help me to do the translation?

*with promises, threats, and refusals: I promise I'll be there on time.

*for decisions made at the time of speaking: I know, I'll get him a wallet for his birthday.

b) Shall is used in questions with I and We to ask for and make suggestions or offers:

Shall we go to the Chinese restaurant? I'll make you a cup of tea, shall I?

2 Be going to is used:

*to express plans or intentions: I'm going to do lots of work tonight.

*to make or ask for predictions in response to something which exists in the present situation:

Look, that child is going to fall if she's not careful!

3 Present Continuous is used to talk about events which are arranged for the future / fixed plans in the future: We're not having the party on Sunday now, I'm afraid.

4 Present Simple is used with future meaning when talking about timetables or programs of events:

The train arrives at 4.15.

 

Ex.1. Choose the correct variant:

1 This lesson ends / will end at 2 o'clock. 2 I'll go / I'm going to go shopping this afternoon. Can I get you anything? 3 I'll start / I'm going to start a new job next Monday. 4 I doubt he will apply / applies for this job. 5 Will you help / are you helping me to complete the application form? 6 I think I’m going / I'll go to London soon. 7 We are presenting / will present the new company structure next week. 8 When does the new shop open? – It will open / opens officially on 1^st September. 9 What am I going to do / shall I do if he’s late? 10 Will you do / Are you doing anything on Sunday? – We will go / are going shopping.

 

Ex.2. Complete the sentences using the correct form to express future meaning of the verbs in brackets:

 

1 I ……………… to Paris next week if I buy a ticket. (fly) 2 I ……………… you the money tomorrow. (give) 3 Next winter holidays, I ……………… with my granny in the village. (stay) 4 Have you heard the news? The company ……………… to London. (move) 5 I ……………… to the general manager on Monday. (go) 6 Our business trip starts tomorrow. We ……………… at 10. (leave) 7 Next summer I ……………… a week in the Crimea. (spend) 8 What time ………… the lecture …………? (begin) 9 I'm sure she ……………… the job. She has a lot of experience. (get) 10 According to the timetable the bus ……………… at 8.00. (arrive) 11 All the hotels are full. Where ………… we ………… the night? (spend) 12 I don't think you ……………… any problems at the airport. (have) 13 Our company ……………… its 10^th anniversary next year. (celebrate) 14 I think I ……………… a promotion this spring. (get) 15 I ……………… my bank manager tomorrow morning. (meet) 16 The football match ……………… at 6 o'clock on Sunday. (start) 17 Look out! The ladder ……………….(fall) 18 He ……………… to buy new furniture this year. (plan)

 

Ex.3. Choose the correct verb:

 

1 I (will go/am going) to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 2 According to the weather forecast it (will rain/is raining) tomorrow. 3 I'm sure Tom (will get/is getting) the job. He has a lot of experience. 4 I can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine (will come/is coming) to see me. 5 Have you decided where to go for your holidays yet? – Yes, we (will go/are going) to Italy. 6 Don't worry about the dog. It (won't hurt/isn't hurting) you.

 

Ex.4. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

 

1 We (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? 2 I (not / go) away for my holidays next month because I haven't got enough money. And you? (You / go) away? 3 The concert (start) at 7.30 this evening. 4 George, is it true that you (get married) next week? 5 The art exhibition (open) on 3 May and (finish) on 15 July. 6 What time (the next train/leave)? 7 Ann, we (go) to town, (you / соте) with us? 8 The S. S. Blue Star (arrive) on Monday according to plan. 9 The examinations (take place) next month as announced. 10 The office (close) an hour later than usual tomorrow. 11 We (have) breakfast very early tomorrow so that we can leave home before even. 12. He usually works at the station but next month he (work) at the docks for a few days each week. 13 I'm sorry I can't accept your invitation. I (have) an important meeting next Tuesday. 14 We always go to Paris on holiday. Next year I (go) to Spain for a change. 15Saturday is his day off, usually. However, he (play) in the finals of a tennis tournament next Friday so the firm (give) him both days off. 16 My uncle John from Chicago (visit) us soon. 17 As a result of the bad weather, airplanes (not / take off) tonight.

 

Leaving a Job

resign (v)     quit one's job (v)   retire (v) take early retirement   unemployed closure dismiss (v)

іти у відставку; відмовля-тися від посади; складати з себе обов'язки залишати роботу; звільнятися іти у відставку (на пенсію) рано піти на пенсію (у відставку) безробітний закриття, завершення звільняти (з роботи)

dismissal lay off (v)   make redundant redundancy     redundancy payment     fire (AmE) / sack (BrE)

звільнення з роботи припиняти роботу; звільняти робітників звільняти (з роботи) скорочення штатів; звільнення робітників (службовців) допомога при звільненні з роботи (наприклад при скороченні штатів) звільняти з роботи

 

There are various ways to leave a job. Some people leave a job voluntary and some involuntary. A person resigns, or quits his job, when he leaves it voluntary. At the age of 60 many employees retire, though the retirement age varies from one country to another. Some employees leave at an earlier age; this is known as taking early retirement.

Labour market is very flexible. Companies can react quickly to economic problems. Company reorganization, relocation or closure often result in job losses. When people lose their jobs, they are dismissed, laid off or made redundant. These job losses are known as dismissals, lay-offs or redundancies. An employee who is made redundant or laid off has a right to receive compensation in the form of a redundancy payment. This is an amount of money paid out to compensate the employee for the job loss; it is calculated according to the age, length of service and the salary earned by the employee. When people are made to leave the organization we say that they are fired or sacked. For them, finding a new job may be difficult and as a result they become unemployed.

 

1 How can a person leave a job? 2 When does a person resign? 3 When does a person retire? 4 What do we call "early retirement"? 5 What is redundancy? 6 What is a redundancy payment? 7 How is the compensation for the job loss calculated? 8 When is a person fired or sacked?

 

1 Match words that have a similar meaning:

 

resign vary fire redundancy receive salary amount

 

sack quit (one's job) change sum dismissal obtain wages

 

2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition: 1) a situation in which a worker agrees to give up his/her job; 2) to give up a job or position; 3) to stop work, esp. because of age; 4) the act of bringing something to an end; 5) moving a person or an organization from one

place to another; 6) to remove an employee from a job or position; 7) a payment made to an employee as a compensation for the loss of a job; 8) to get money by working; 9) to leave a job at an earlier age; 10) without a job; idle.

3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

 

laid off, dismissal, the sack, relocation, closure, redundancy, dismissed, retirement, retired, to resign, resigned, voluntary redundancy

 

1 She decided to take... rather than a cut in pay. 2 She has... from her post as marketing manager. 3 He was asked... when the fraud was discovered. 4 He... from the bank after 30 years service. 5 The usual age of... is 60. 6 The bank clerk was... for dishonesty. 7 Over 500 steel workers face.... 8 A slump in business has led to the... of many factories. 9 The merger will result in.... 10 If he is late again he will get.... 11 The employee protested against the reason for his.... 12 The company has... a section of its employees.

 

4 Fill in the missing prepositions: (to, down, in (3), within, according to, of (4), with, for)

Redundancy

Redundancy is the situation that results when an employee's contract... employment is ended because that job no longer exists or is no longer needed. A factory might close..., which would make all the workforce redundant, or,... a factory, a new machine might make a particular job no longer necessary. Workers who are made redundant have a right to receive compensation... the form... a lump-sum payment which varies... the length... service... the employee. Many companies... fact negotiate... trade unions to give more than the minimum legal requirement... compensation, especially if they are asking... workers to accept voluntary redundancy as opposed... compulsory redundancy.