GRAMMAR: Present Perfect Continuous – Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час

have / has + been + Ving

We use the Present Perfect Continuous:

*to talk about actions or situations that began in the past and continue in the present:

He has been working for Lloyds since 1999.

*to talk about a recent action that has a result in the present:

I have been working on the project - that's why I am so tired.

 

Ex.1. Choose the correct variant:

 

1 He has developed /has been developing a new product for a month. 2 She has worked/has been working overtime since May. 3 My firm has sold/has been selling shares since September. 4 Have you read/have you been reading our company development programme all day? 5 I have waited/have been waiting for our partners since 2 o'clock. 6 I have worked/have been working so hard that I haven't seen my family for weeks.

7 They have exhibited/have been exhibiting this new model since May. 8 My friend has looked/has been looking for a new flat, but he hasn't found it yet. 9 What new products have you advertised/have you been advertising since I last visited you? 10 How long have you worked/have you been working as a consultant?

 

Ex.2. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect Simple / Continuous form of the verbs:

 

1 I'm exhausted I (work) all day on my business plan, and I (not finish) it yet. 2 I (shop) all morning, but I (not buy) anything yet. I haven't seen anything I've liked. 3 I (wait) for two hours, but nobody (arrive) yet. 4 I (listen) to you for the past half an hour, but I'm afraid I don't understand your new idea. 5 The company (not make) any money for two months. 6 This shop never (make) any profit. 7 He (not have) a holiday for years. 8 My friend (be) President of the holding company for three years now. 9 I (read) a lot of special literature lately. 10 The parent company (finance) its subsidiary for two months.

 

Ex.3. Correct the mistakes where necessary:

 

1 We’ve been thinking of ways to help our sister company for a week already. 2 Our President has decided to change the management structure last May. 3 We’ve been placing an advertisement in Accounting Journal this Month. 4 They’ve raised the prices for gas last week. 5 They’ve been expanding their business for 6 months. 6 We’ve bought more than half of the shares of this company last month. 7 I have prepared the annual report since early morning. 8 My uncle knows everything about finance. He’s been working as a financial manager for 20 years. 9 I’ve been sending them a fax today. 10 My brother has quarreled with his boss yesterday.

 

Ex.4. Translate into English:

 

1 Він ремонтує свою машину вже дві години. 2 Вони перекладають документи англійською цілий ранок. 3 Ви п'єте дуже багато кави останнім часом. 4 Він працює в цій компанії 20 років і ніколи ще не запізнювався. 5 Клієнти телефонують цілий ранок. Щось трапилось з комп'ютером. 6 Мені здається, що я стою в цій черзі цілу вічність. 7 Менеджер компанії розглядає мою заяву вже тиждень. Я сподіваюсь на позитивну відповідь. 8 Я роблю покупки в цьому магазині вже 5 років. 9 Останнім часом виробничий сектор в Європі постійно зменшує кількість робочих місць. 10 Вони займаються модельним бізнесом разом вже 10 років.

 

Employment

 

employment   reflect (v) be self-employed (v)   work freelance (v)   employer fixed-term contract part-time worker   administration

зайнятість, робота за наймом відображати працювати самостійно, не за наймом працювати не за наймом; бути вільним художником наймач, роботодавець строковий контракт робітник, який зайнятий неповний робочий день управління, керування (справами); адміністрація

reject (v) Human resources HR department recruitment staff appraisal welfare     ensure (v) meet the needs (v) job rotation job security

відхиляти персонал, людські ресурси відділ кадрів набір (кадрів) оцінка роботи персоналу соціальне забезпечення; допомога з соціального забезпечення забезпечувати, гарантувати задовольняти потреби зміна робіт гарантія роботи / зайнятос-ті, забезпечення роботою

 

Work plays a major part in most people's lives. People of all sorts work in business, and the terms businessman and businesswomanreflect this, referring to a wide range of individuals, from the rich and famous to small company owners, from people in large organizations to those who work for themselves.

Businessmen and women are referred to together as businesspeople.

Many people choose to be self-employed (to have their own business) or to work freelance for several employers.

As the labour market becomes more flexible, many employers respond by increasing the number of fixed-term contracts and part-time workers.

In large organizations, administration of people is done by thepersonnel department, although this expression is now sometimes rejected. Companies talk instead about their human resources or HR.

The Human Resources departmentof a company is responsible for planning, recruitment of new people, staff training and development, staff appraisal, welfare, pensions administration and industrial relations. It works to ensure that the right people are available to meet the company's needs.

Some companies move their workers regularly between teams or departments. This is called job rotation. Job security is knowing or feeling that a job will last for a long time.

 

1 What do we call people working in business? 2 How do employers respond to the flexibility of the labour market? 3 What department is administration of people done by? 4 What is the Human Resources department of a company responsible for? 5 What is job rotation? 6 What is job security? 7 When a person works freelance, does he/she work for him/herself?

 

1 Match words that have a similar meaning:

 

available rich famous businessman HR department be responsible for staff ensure staff appraisal last fixed-term contract

 

continue business person personnel department be in charge of performance appraisal wealthy renowned make sure terminal contract personnel obtainable

 

2 The words in the box frequently occur after "job". Find combinations that mean:

 

1) an outline of the main aims and tasks of the work done by a particular employee; 2) examining how much money a job is worth and how much the person doing it should be paid; 3) the name of a person's job; 4) a situation where a job is likely to be permanent; 5) dividing a full-time job for one person between two or more part-time employees; 6) it is carried out to examine a particular job in detail

7) a kind of notice put by an organization in a newspaper, company bulletin or on the Internet; 8) the feeling of achievement and enjoyment a worker gets from a job.

 

3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition: 1) a person or company that provides job; 2) the people who work in an organization; 3) having a paid job; 4) without a job; 5) an assessment of the quality of the employee's work; 6) an agreement to employ someone for a limited period only; 7) two or more people working together; 8) the process of interviewing and choosing

people to do a job; 9) personnel, employees; 10) a regular payment made by the state to a person who has retired from a job; 11) someone who works for her/himself and is not employed by a company.

 

4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

 

Businesswoman, pension, recruitment, flexible, job title, job security, job evaluation, personnel, job satisfaction, job advertisements, job, employment, self-employed.

 

1 He is out of work and looking for.... 2 He has got a highly-paid... in the oil business. 3 There are several... for administrative staff in today's newspaper. 4 Although the pay is low, there is a high level of.... 5 We cannot afford to lose skilled.... 6 My... is coming up next week. I hope they decide to pay me more money. 7 The union is demanding greater.... 8 My actual... is departmental manager. 9 She is... and always open to new ideas. 10 She is responsible for the... of new staff. 11 After working for the company for 20 years, he was offered a good.... 12 She was a successful..., with her own tourist agency. 13 She used to work for a design agency, but now she is....

 

5 Fill in the missing prepositions: (on (3), as, out, for, from, of (6), in (3), about)

 

1 Job rotation has enabled our staff to broaden their range... skills. 2 The fastest growing sector... the labour market is... the employment of women. 3 Could you tell me... the kind... work you are looking...? 4 He has a good job... computers. 5 We are carrying... four job evaluations this week. 6... a result... new technology more workers felt there was a lack... job satisfaction. 7 She finds it difficult to live... her state pension. 8 We must reduce the amount... time and money spent... administration. 9 We get about 30%...

our staff... recruitment agencies. 10. He lost his job and is now... welfare.

6 Complete the sentences using these often confused words: to provide - to secure - to ensure

 

1 My job... me with the opportunity to meet new people every day. 2 People need a job to... their indepen-

dence. 3 Our company will soon... a full account of its investment activities. 4 I was very pleased with the room you... me with. 5 I... that the house was protected by locking all the doors. 6 My department... advice for those who plan to set up a business. 7 The company has... all the workers who use dangerous machines. 8 She has...a good job. 9 I can't...that he will be there in time. 10 Can you...me two good seats for the show?