Passive Voice – страдательный залог (общие сведения)

1. Вставьте один из следующих глаголов в нужной форме в пропущенные места:

Cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write

 

1 Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

2 Cheese _____________________ from milk.

3 The roof of the building ___________________ in a storm a few days ago.

4 There’s no need to leave a tip. Service _________________ in the bill.

5 You _________________ to the wedding. Why didn't you go?

6 A cinema is a place where films _____________________.

7 In the United States, elections for President ___________________ every four years.

8 Originally the book _________________ in Spanish and a few years ago it into English.

9 We were driving along quite fast but we _____________________ by lots of other cars.

 

2. Прочтите текст об изготовлении бокалов. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в форме Present Simple Passive.

 

Champagne, the king of wines and wine of kings, tastes all the better when it 1. is drunk (drink) from an elegant, fine-quality glass. That, however, is only one of thousands of ways glass 2________________­­__ (use) today. And for all those different uses, many different types of glass 3__________________­­ (produce).

Glass products 4__________________­­ (manufacture) in different ways. Today, glass 5__________________­­ (blow) by hand in the traditional way which the Romans first developed, but now this work 6__________________­­ (do) by robots, too. Generally, in industry, much faster methods of mass production 7_________________­­ (need). Often, for example, glass 8__________________­­ (press) into the necessary shape by machine. Glass 9__________________­­ (shape) in other ways too. For example, it 10_________________­­ (make) into long, very thin fibres. Fibres like these 11__________________­­ (require) to make the fibre-optic cables that help to build the Information Super-Highway round the world.

 

3. Напишите вопросы в страдательном залоге. Некоторые из них в настоящем времени, некоторые – в прошлом.

1 Ask about the telephone. (when/invent?) When was the telephone invented?

2 Ask about glass. (how/make?) How _____________________?

3 Ask about Australia. (when/discover?) ________________________?

4 Ask about silver. (what/use for?) _________________________?

5 Ask about television. (when/invent?) __________________________?

 

4. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужном времени (present или past) и залоге.

1 It’s a big factory. Five hundred people are employed (employ) there.

2 Water __________ (cover) most of the Earth’s surface.

3 Most of the Earth’s surface ­____________ (cover) by water.

4 The park gates __________ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

5 The letter __________ (post) a week ago and it __________ (arrive) yesterday.

6 The boat __________ (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody __________ (rescue).

7 Ron’s parents __________ (die) when he was very young. He and his sister __________ (bring) up by their grandparents.

8 I was born in London but I __________ (grow) up in the north of England.

9 While I was on holiday, my camera __________ (steal) from my hotel room.

10 While I was on holiday, my camera __________ (disappear) from my hotel room.

11 Why __________ (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it?

12 Why __________ (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

13 The company is not independent. It __________ (own) by a much larger company.

14 I saw an accident last night. Somebody __________ (call) an ambulance but nobody __________ (injure) so the ambulance __________ (not/need).

15 Where __________ (these photographs/take)? In London? __________ (you/take) them?

5.Перепишите предложения. Вместо “somebody/they/people” и т.д., напишите их в страдательном залоге.

1 Somebody cleans the room every day. The room is cleaned every day.

2 They cancelled all flights because of fog. All ____________________.

3 People don’t use this road very often. __________________.

4 Somebody accused me of stealing money. I _____________________.

5 How do people learn languages? How _____________________.

6 People advised us not to go out alone. __________________________.

6. Что означают эти слова?Используйтеit can... или it can't... как указано в примере. (При необходимости воспользуйтесь словарём)

If something is

1. washable, it can be washed.

2. unbreakable, it _________________.

3. edible, it ___________________.

4. unusable, it __________________.

5. invisible, it ___________________.

6. portable, it ____________________.

 

7. Вставьте один из следующих глаголов в пропущенные места (в нужной форме):
carry, cause, do, make, repair, send, spend, wake up

 

Иногда вам нужно будет использовать (“might have”, “could have” и т.д.).

 

1 The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.

2 I haven’t received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong address.

3 A decision will not __________________ until the next meeting.

4 I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to __________________ at 6.30 the next morning.

5 Do you think that less money should __________________ on ornaments?

6 This road is in very bad condition. It should __________________ a long time ago.

7 The injured man couldn't walk and had to __________________.

8 It’s not certain how the fire started but it might __________________ by an electrical fault.

 

 

8. Сделайте из предложений в действительном залоге предложения в Present Perfect Passive.

 

1. They first made cognac in 1643. Cognac has been made since 1643.

2. People drank wine over 5,000 years ago. _____________________________for over 5,000 years.

3. They first brewed beer near Munich almost 1,000 years ago. _____________________________ for almost 1,000 years.

4. People first bought beer in cans in 1935. _____________________________ since 1935.

5. They first produced whisky more than 700 years ago. _____________________________ for over 700 years.

6. People first sold Coca-Cola in 1886. _____________________________ since 1886.

 

Урок 16.

Образование и употребление времён страдательного залога

1.Перепишите предложения. Вместо “somebody” или “they” напишите предложения в страдательном залоге.

1 Somebody has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned.

2 They have postponed the concert. The __________________­­__.

3 Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer __________________­­__.

4 I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
I didn’t realize that __________________­­__.

5 When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game.
When we got to the stadium, we found that __________________­­__.

6 They are building a new ring road round the city. __________________­­__.

7 They have built a new hospital near the airport. __________________­­__.

2. Составьте предложения из слов в скобках.Некоторые из них будут в действительном залоге, некоторые – в страдательном.

1 There’s somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow) I think we’re being followed.

2 This room looks different. (you / paint?) Have you painted it?

3 My car has disappeared. (it / steal!) It __________________­­__.

4 My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody __________________­­__.

5 Tom gets a higher salary now. (he / promote) __________________­­__.

6 Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it / redecorate) __________________­­__.

7 The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. (it / work / again; it / repair) __________________­­_________________________.

8 The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people / arrest / last night) __________________­­__.

9 A tree was lying across the road. (it / blow down / in the storm) __________________­­__.

10 The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody / see / since then) __________________­­__.

11 I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?) _________________________________________.

 

3. Перепишите по-другому предложения, как указано в примере.

1 They didn’t give me the money. I wasn't given the money.

2 They asked me some difficult questions at the interview.
I __________________­­__.

3 Janet’s colleagues gave her a present when she retired.
Janet __________________­­__.

4 Nobody told me that George was ill.
I wasn’t __________________­­__.

5 How much will they pay you?
How much will you __________________­­__?

6 I think they should have offered Tom the job.
I think Tom __________________­­__.

7 Has anybody shown you what to do?
Have you __________________­­__?

 

4. Закончите предложения, используя being + один из следующих глаголов:
ask, attack, give, invite, keep, pay

 

1 Mr. Miller doesn’t like being kept waiting.

2 They went to the party without __________________­­__.

3 Most people like __________________­­__ presents.

4 It’s a dangerous city. People won't go out after dark because they are afraid of __________________­­__.

5 I don't like __________________­­__ stupid questions.

6 Few people are prepared to work without __________________­­__.

 

5. Закончите предложения, используя get/got + один из следующих глаголов(в нужной форме):
ask, break, damage, hurt, pay, steal, sting, stop, use

 

1 There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt.

2 Ted __________________­­__ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

3 How did that window __________________­­__?

4 These tennis courts don’t __________________­­__ very often. Not many people want to play.

5 I used to have a bicycle but it __________________­­__.

6 Last night I __________________­­__ by the police as I was driving home.

7 How much did you __________________­­__ last month?

8 Please pack these things very carefully. I don’t want them to __________________­­__.

9 People often want to know what my job is. I often __________________­­__ that question.

 

6. Почему вы сделали эти вещи?Ответьте, используя “have something done”. Используйте один из следующих глаголов: clean, cut, repair, service

1 Why did you take your car to the garage? To have it serviced.

2 Why did you take your jacket to the cleaner’s? To __________________­­__.

3 Why did you take your watch to the jeweller’s? __________________­­__.

4 Why did you go to the hairdresser? __________________­­__.

7. Составьте предложения, как указано в примере.

1 Jill didn’t repair the roof herself. She had it repaired.

2 I didn’t cut my hair myself. I __________________­­__.

3 They didn’t paint the house themselves. They __________________­­__.

4 Sue didn’t make the curtains herself. __________________­­__.

8. Используйте слова в скобках. Чтоб закончить предложения. Используйте структуру “have something done”.

1. We are having the house painted (the house / paint) at the moment.

2. I lost my key. I’ll have to __________________­­__ (another key / make).

3. When was the last time you __________________­­__ (your hair / cut)?

4. You look different. (you / your hair / cut)?

5. __________________­­_______________ (you / a newspaper / deliver) to your house or do you go to the shop to buy one?

6. A: What are those workmen doing in your garden?

B: Oh, we __________________­­__ (a swimming pool / build).

7. A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holiday?

B: I’m afraid I __________________­­__ (not / the film / develop) yet.

8. This coat is dirty. I must (it / clean).

9. If you want to wear earrings, why don’t you __________________­­__ (your ears / pierce)?

 

Урок 17.