Инфинитив в страдательном залоге.

Инфинитив страдательного залога образуется из инфинитива глагола to be и Participle II (3-ей основной формы) смыслового глагола

 

Active Infinitive	Passive Infinitive
to V1	to be V3 / ed
to write to examine	писать осматривать	to be examined to be written	быть осмотренным быть написанным

EXERCISES – Part I (for beginners)

I. Определите, какие из глаголов являются переходными и образуйте Passive Infinitive

to tell, to go, to ask, to examine, to swim, to write, to read, to send, to stand, to stop, to come, to speak, to stay, to spend, to like, to build, to take, to know, to see; to fly; to remember; to explain; to describe.

II. Определите залог в предложениях и переведите их на русский язык

1. This doctor sees patients every day.

2. His leg is broken.

3. The exercises are written.

4. Analyses are made in the laboratory.

5. The question is answered well.

6. This shop will be closed tomorrow.

7. We wrote the letters yesterday.

8. A new house was built in our street.

9. The patients are being examined now.

10. His blood pressure has already been taken by the doctor.

11. A label was being stuck on the bottle when we came into the chemist’s.

12. Mustard plasters had been applied to the patient’s back by the time the doctor entered the ward.

III. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы

1. He is always told interesting stories.

2. The exercises are done regularly.

3. He is asked to help you.

4. The directions for the administration of a drug are written on the signature.

5. These drugs were ordered at the prescription department.

6. The dose to be taken was indicated on a label.

7. This remedy has just been bought at the chemist’s.

8. They have already translated this article.

9. Yellow labels are being stuck to indicate drugs for external use.

10. Healing ointment was being rubbed in by my mother to relieve the pain when I entered the room.

11. The drugs had been ordered by 5 o’clock yesterday.

12. Laxatives will be administered orally if something is wrong with the patient’s stomach.

IV. Употребите следующие предложения во всех формах страдательного залога. Выберите соответствующий индикатор времени из числа приведенных ниже

1. This problem is discussed by the students.

2. Blood pressure is taken by the doctor.

3. The new grammar rule is being explained by the teacher.

4. Dinner is cooked by my mother.

5. The poem is learnt by the pupils.

6. The patients are examined by the therapeutist.

 

Always, usually, often; in 1995, yesterday, last week, the day before yesterday; tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in a week, next Monday; now, at this moment; at 5 o’ clock yesterday, when I came in; just, today, this year; by five o’clock, before his parents came, by the end of the month.

V. Поставьте предложения в Past Indefinite Passive.

Model. The exercise is done. – The exercise was done.

Is the exercise done? – Was the exercise done?

1. English is taught at our Institute.

2. Dictations are written once a week.

3. They are often seen in the yard.

4. The question is answered well.

5. Are daily rounds of visits made every day?

6. What is corrected by the teacher?

7. Vitamins are taken every day.

8. Lectures are delivered in the morning.

9. When are mustard plasters applied?

10. When is a strict bed regime followed?

VI. Поставьте предложения в Future Indefinite Passive.

Model. The cake is made by my mother – The cake will be made by my mother.

1. The woman is taken to hospital.

2. He is often seen here.

3. We are often told jokes.

4. Breakfast is always cooked by my sister.

5. He is told about it.

6. Football is played all over the world.

7. She is often left at home.

8. The children are put to bed in time.

9. The final match is played on Sunday.

10. Sleeping –draughts are taken before going to bed.

 

VII. Поставьте предложения в Passive Voice Indefinite.

Model. I stick a label. – The label is stuck by me.

1. A poisonous remedy causes death.

2. This healing ointment relieves skin irritation.

3. The child takes cod liver oil.

4. The doctor prescribes sleeping draughts.

5. The patient takes sedatives.

6. I bought a medicine dropper at the chemist’s department.

7. The doctor administered laxatives.

8. The therapeutist heard moist rales.

9. The X-ray examination revealed lung troubles.

10. The doctor will check my kidneys tomorrow.

11. The therapeutist will put me on a sick-leave tomorrow.

12. My sister will apply a hot –water bottle to her feet in the evening.

13. They will attend lectures in Histology.

 

VIII. Поставьте предложения в Passive Voice Continuous

1. The students are taking notes of the lecture now.

2. The doctor is taking the patient’s blood pressure now.

3. The nurse was giving me the injection of camphor when my friend came in.

4. My mother was having a scalding foot-bath at 10 p.m.

5. The doctors wore carefully treating me at our out-patient department in winter.

6. Our district doctor was making calls when I came to the polyclinic.

7. The doctor is checking the patient’s eye-sight.

8. These patients were following a strict diet for two months.

IX. Передайте предложения в Passive Voice Perfect.

1. The overdosage of this drug has caused an untoward reaction.

2. She had made the daily round of visits by 10 o’clock.

3. We have just ordered the cough mixture at this chemist’s.

4. They have already brought the patient to the dressing-room.

5. The doctor had examined all the patients by 2 o’clock.

6. They have sent for the doctor.

7. They had finished this work by that time yesterday.

8. They have not translated this medical article yet.

9. Has he broken the leg?

10. I have read an interesting book this week.

 

X. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный

Model. They waited for him yesterday. – He was waited for yesterday.

1. They spoke much about the incident.

2. They will send for the doctor.

3. My sister will look after the little girl.

4. They simply laugh at you.

5. Somebody was looking for you during the interval.

6. Nobody sleeps in the room.

7. They listen to the teacher attentively.

8. The doctor filled in my patient’s card.

9. They are looking at the girl.

10. He rubbed in a healing ointment to relieve the pain.

XI. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Об этом фильме много говорят.

2. Над ним часто смеются.

3. Этого учителя всегда внимательно слушают.

4. Об этом концерте хорошо отзываются (говорят).

5. Не беспокойтесь. За ребенком присмотрят.

6. В доме не живут.

7. Его всегда ждут.

8. За врачом послали?

XII. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Indefinite Passive

1. Bread (to eat) every day.

2. The letter (to receive) yesterday.

3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.

4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.

5. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.

6. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.

7. This work (to do) tomorrow.

8. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.

9. My question (to answer) yesterday.

10. Hockey (to play) in winter.

11. His new book (to finish) next year.

12. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.

 

XIII. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующуюся форму глагола:

1. The patient will (bring, be brought) to the operating-room.

2. The students will (examine, be examined) the patient under the guidance of the doctor.

3. The patient’s wound will (examine, be examined) by the surgeon carefully.

4. Classes in therapy (attend, are attended) by the students.

5. We (attend, are attended) all the lectures and meetings.

6. They can (buy, be bought) this remedy at the chemist’s.

7. Mustard plasters can (buy, be bought) at the chemist’s department.

8. You must (take, be taken) a tablespoonful of this mixture 3 times a day.

9. This medicine must (take, be taken) orally.

10. We (told, were told) how to take blood pressure.

11. The therapeutist (called, was called) to the patient.

12. The surgeon (directed, was directed) the woman to the department of urgent surgery.

13. The letter (will send; will be sent) immediately.

 

XIV. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice

1. The book (to discuss) at the next conference.

2. The certificate of education must (to hand) in on Wednesday.

3. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech.

4. The lectures (to attend) by all of us.

5. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago.

6. The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody.

7. It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room.

8. The appendix just (to remove).

9. The patient already (to put) on a sick-leave.

10. His kidneys (to check) now.

11. The patients who are seriously ill and can’t come to the polyclinic (to examine) at home.

12. This patient (to discharge) from the hospital tomorrow.

 

XV. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.

2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.

3. He (to give) me this book next week.

4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.

5. The X-ray examination (to reveal) some troubles.

6. Lung troubles can (to reveal) by the X-ray examination.

7. The patient already (to feel) a relief.

8. She (not to gargle) her throat yet.

9. Your throat (to gargle) yet?

10. Mustard plasters (to apply) to his chest now.

11. Many poisonous substances (to destroy) by the liver.

12. The liver (to store) vitamins.

 

XVI. Ответьте на вопросы

1. When was our University founded?

2. What is usually handed in when we enter a University?

3. Are classes in Therapy attended by the students in the second year?

4. Where are all drugs kept?

5. What is usually taken for headache?

6. What is usually written on a signature or a label?

7. What can be bought at the chemist’s?

8. When must injections be given?

9. When must a strict bed regime be followed?

10. What is the space between the lungs called?

11. What is inspired when we breathe in?

12. What is produced in the human body us a result of body metabolism?

13. What are the lungs covered with?

14. Where is the base of the lung located?

15. What is excreted by the kidneys in the form of urine?

16. What is destroyed by the liver?

 

XVII. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения

1. Всем студентам дали учебники.

2. Нашу группу повели в музей.

3. Новое здание института будет построено в следующем году.

4. На занятиях по терапии изучались методы осмотра пациента.

5. Наши студенты осматриваются сейчас в приемном кабинете 10.

6. Правильный диагноз был поставлен до снятия электрокардиограммы.

7. Завтра проверят мое зрение.

8. Вчера мне сделали рентген грудной клетки.

9. Когда студентов привели в терапевтическое отделение, врачи делали обход палат.

10. Телеграмму только что получили.

11. Мне еще ничего не сказали об этом.

12. Когда я пришел, статью уже обсудили.

13. Когда мы вышли из дома, за такси уже послали.

14. Работа будет закончена в 6 часов вечера.

15. Ему задали этот вопрос.

16. Дом построен в прошлом году.

17. Меня об этом не спрашивали.

18. Вам говорили об этом?

19. Ей сейчас говорят об этом.

20. Когда я вошел, ее экзаменовали.

21. В нашем городе строится новая больница.

22. Когда я позвонил им, ребенка укладывали спать.

23. Этот эксперимент будет проведён в следующем году.

 

XVIII. Дополните предложения, употребив страдательный залог в предполагаемых временах

1. The work (to do) in two year’s time. (Future Indefinite)

2. English (to speak) at our lessons. (Present Indefinite)

3. My pen (to lose). (Present Perfect)

4. The theatre (to build) three years ago. (Past Indefinite)

5. The magazine (to bring) from the library before our lesson began. (Past Perfect)

6. This cinema (to build) by the first of May. (Past Perfect)

7. The shoes (to repair) soon. (Future Indefinite)

8. This article (to translate) by 5 o’clock tomorrow. (Future Perfect)

9. Analyses (to make) in the laboratory now. (Present Continuous)

10. This shop (to build) from May to December. (Past Continuous)

11. The students (to ask) at every class. (Present Indefinite)

 

XIX. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice

1. You must do three of these exercises tomorrow.

2. You can find this book in any library.

3. We must send letters at once.

4. The workers can finish the building of the house very soon.

5. You must return the books the day after tomorrow.

6. You must do this work very carefully.

7. The doctor says they must take her to hospital.

8. You can do the work in three days.

9. The students must return all the library books before each summer vacation.

10. I can easily forgive this mistake.

 

XX. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Passive Indefinite после модальных глаголов

1. Руки надо мыть перед каждой едой.

2. Зарядку надо делать каждый день.

3. Ребенку надо давать фрукты.

4. Как можно перевести это слово?

5. Куда можно поставить сумки?

6. Эти книги можно положить на стол.

7. Кровяное давление нужно измерять регулярно.

8. Эти таблетки можно принимать перед едой.

9. Микстуру нужно встряхивать перед употреблением.

10. Слабительное нужно принимать, если что-то не в порядке с желудком.

 

XXI. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice

1. We shall do the work in the evening.

2. He wrote this book in the 19^th century.

3. By 6 o’clock they had finished the work.

4. They will show this film on TV.

5. He will give my brother English lessons.

6. His friend told him everything.

7. Mary has told me the news.

8. The people looked at the little boy with interest.

9. He will introduce me to his friends.

10. They have already discussed the novel.

11. I haven’t translated the article yet.

12. She is reading a book now.

13. They did not invite her to the party.

14. I did not leave the window open.

15. Have you written the letter yet?

16. They have told us a lot of interesting things.

17. The students have written the test-paper without mistakes.

18. They will hand in the homework tomorrow.

19. Why have you put my books on this table?

20. Have you given the exercises to all the students?

 

XXII. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие

1. Nick was told to go home at once.

2. The work was finished in time.

3. The child is taken care of.

4. What museums were visited last year?

5. When was it done?

6. Have your certificates of health been handed in?

7. This book must be read by every student.

8. Which article was translated by your brother?

9. I am often told about it.

10. This man has been must spoken of.

11. They were being taught French at that lesson.

12. By three o’clock everything had been prepared.

13. Whom was this poem written by?

14. Whom were these letters written by?

15. All the questions must be answered.

16. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert.

17. I shall not be allowed to go there.

18. When will this book be returned to the library?

XXIII. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice

1. Статья должна быть переведена к пяти часам.

2. Перевод будет закончен вовремя.

3. Когда я пришла домой, обед был уже сварен.

4. Их будут обучать английскому языку.

5. Все эти книги взяты из библиотеки.

6. Письма были оставлены на столе.

7. Стихотворение было выучено наизусть.

8. Работа была выполнена очень хорошо.

9. Послали за лекарством? – Да, его ищут.

10. Лекции этого знаменитого профессора всегда слушают с большим вниманием.

11. На наших занятиях большое внимание уделяется произношению.

12. Иванову велели объяснить, почему он пропустил занятия.

13. Эти журналы должны быть возвращены в библиотеку на следующей неделе.

14. Тебя ищут. Иди домой.

15. Почему над ним всегда смеются?

16. Я думала, что хлеб и масло купит моя сестра.

 

XXIV. Передайте диалог в Passive Voice

- What do you learn during classes in Anatomy?

- We learn the structure of our body.

- And what did you learn last?

- We learnt the structure of the skeleton.

- And what will you learn tomorrow?

- We’ll learn the structure of the kidney.

- O.K. And what do you usually do during English classes?

- We learn new vocabulary, discuss different problems in English.

- Do you read medical texts?

- Of course. Yesterday we read an interesting text from the medical encyclopedia.

- Look! Our boys are playing volley-ball now.

- Yes, they have organized a volley-ball team at our institute.

 

XXV. Передайте следующие тексты в Passive Voice

1. Once I consulted my district doctor. I had taken my patient’s card at the registry by 9 o’clock in the morning. When I was going along the corridor I met my friend. They directed him to the hospital. His district therapeutist made him the diagnosis of lobar pneumonia. When the nurse had taken my temperature I entered the consulting-room. The doctor listened to my heart and lungs and felt my pulse. Then he palpated my abdomen. He also examined my tongue and throat and saw a bad inflammation. The doctor prescribed to me some tablets to relieve the pain in my throat and an antiseptic mouth-wash. I will X-ray my chest tomorrow. I have just taken tablets. And I am gargling my throat now. I think that our district doctor treats his patients carefully.

2. Once I took all my five umbrellas to an umbrella maker. I decided to call for them on my way home in the evening. It was raining when I went to have lunch in a restaurant. While I was waiting for my lunch a young woman came in and sat down at my table. Having finished my lunch I got up and absent-mindedly took her umbrella and left. She called out to me and said that I had taken her umbrella. I returned it to her with many apologies. In the evening I called for my umbrellas and got on a bus home. The young woman was in the same bus. She smiled and said, “You have a good day”.

XXVI. Выучите пословицы

Proverbs to be learned.

Rome was not built in a day. (Рим строился не один день. Сравните: Москва не сразу строилась.)

What’s done cannot be undone. (Что сделано, того не воротишь. Сравните: Сделанного не воротишь.)

Lost time is never found again. (Потерянного времени никогда не воротишь.)

Well begun is half done. (Хорошо начатое наполовину сделано. Сравните: Доброе начало полдела откачало.)

A fault confessed is half redressed. (Признанная вина наполовину искуплена. Сравните: Повинную голову меч не сечет.)

 

 

EXERCISES – Part II (for advanced)