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Alas, my sister! Alas, my brother-in-law! I am indeed so sinful that exactly like a man-eater [Rākṣasa] who eats his own child, I have killed so many sons born of you.
Содержание книги
- kathaṁ nu yasyodara etad āsīt
- yan-nāmadheya-śravaṇānukīrtanād
- taṁ tvām ahaṁ brahma paraṁ pumāṁsaṁ
- iti pradarśya bhagavān
- ramyaṁ bahv-amara-drumaiḥ
- O Vidura! Meditating on her son Kapila, the Supreme Lord, she quickly became detached from that opulent house.
- nityārūḍha-samādhitvāt
- kṣetraṁ trailokya-viśrutam
- kapilasya ca saṁvādo
- Vishvanatha Chakravarti Thakura
- The Advent of Lord Kṛṣṇa
- Once when mother earth was overburdened by hundreds of thousands of military phalanxes of various conceited demons dressed like kings, she approached Lord Brahmā for relief.
- Mother earth assumed the form of a cow. Very much distressed, with tears in her eyes, she appeared before Lord Brahmā and told him about her misfortune.
- O great hero, one who takes birth is sure to die; for death is born with the body. One may die today or after hundreds of years, but death is sure for every living entity.
- After thus considering the matter as far as his knowledge would allow, Vasudeva submitted his proposal to the sinful Kaṁsa with great respect.
- Vasudeva agreed and took his child back home, but because Kaṁsa had no character and no self-control, Vasudeva knew that he could not rely on Kaṁsa’s word.
- By sacrifices of animals, ordinary human beings will worship you gorgeously, with various paraphernalia, because you are supreme in fulfilling the material desires of everyone.
- The Birth of Lord Kṛṣṇa
- When both of you were ordered by Lord Brahmā to create progeny, you first underwent severe austerities by controlling your senses.
- Thus you spent twelve thousand celestial years performing difficult activities of tapasya in consciousness of Me [Kṛṣṇa consciousness].
- After you received that benediction and I disappeared, you engaged yourselves in sex to have a son like Me, and I fulfilled your desire.
- O supremely chaste mother, I, the same personality, have now appeared of you both as your son for the third time. Take My words as the truth.
- Vasudeva placed the female child on the bed of Devakī, bound his legs with the iron shackles, and thus remained there as before.
- Exhausted by the labor of childbirth, Yaśodā was overwhelmed with sleep and unable to understand what kind of child had been born to her.
- The Atrocities of King Kaṁsa
- Alas, my sister! Alas, my brother-in-law! I am indeed so sinful that exactly like a man-eater [Rākṣasa] who eats his own child, I have killed so many sons born of you.
- Alas, not only human beings but sometimes even providence lies. And I am so sinful that I believed the omen of providence and killed so many of my sister’s children.
- After hearing their master’s statement, the envious asuras, who were enemies of the demigods and were not very expert in their dealings, advised Kaṁsa as follows.
- The demigods always fear the sound of your bowstring. They are constantly in anxiety, afraid of fighting. Therefore, what can they do by their endeavors to harm you?
- My dear King, when a man persecutes great souls, all his benedictions of longevity, beauty, fame, religion, blessings and promotion to higher planets will be destroyed.
- The Meeting of Nanda Mahārāja and Vasudeva
- My dear brother Nanda Mahārāja, at an advanced age you had no son at all and were hopeless of having one. Therefore, that you now have a son is a sign of great fortune.
- Killing the Demon Pūtanā
- While Nanda Mahārāja was returning to Gokula, the same fierce
- The Killing of the Demon Tṛṇāvarta
- For a moment, the whole pasturing ground was overcast with dense darkness from the dust storm, and mother Yaśodā was unable to find her son where she had placed Him.
- Because of the bits of sand thrown about by Tṛṇāvarta, people could not see themselves or anyone else, and thus they were illusioned and disturbed.
- When mother Yaśodā saw the whole universe within the mouth of her child, her heart began to throb, and in astonishment she wanted to close her restless eyes.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa Shows the Universal Form Within His Mouth
- For many reasons, this beautiful son of yours sometimes appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva.
- For this son of yours there are many forms and names according to His transcendental qualities and activities. These are known to me, but people in general do not understand them.
- Mother Yaśodā Binds Lord Kṛṣṇa
- Deliverance of the Yamala-arjuna Trees
- Having thus spoken, Kṛṣṇa soon entered between the two arjuna trees, and thus the big mortar to which He was bound turned crosswise and stuck between them.
- O Lord, You exist before the creation. Therefore, who, trapped by a body of material qualities in this material world, can understand You?
- The Childhood Pastimes of Kṛṣṇa
- When Nanda Mahārāja saw his own son bound with ropes to the wooden mortar and dragging it, he smiled and released Kṛṣṇa from His bonds.
- Right by the reservoir, the boys saw a gigantic body resembling a mountain peak broken and struck down by a thunderbolt. They were afraid even to see such a huge living being.
- That great-bodied demon was named Bakāsura. He had assumed the body of a duck with a very sharp beak. Having come there, he immediately swallowed Kṛṣṇa.
- The words of persons in full knowledge of Brahman never become untrue. It is very wonderful that whatever Gargamuni predicted we are now actually experiencing in all detail.
TRANSLATION
Devakī helplessly, piteously appealed to Kaṁsa: My dear brother, all good fortune unto you. Don’t kill this girl. She will be your daughter-in-law. Indeed, it is unworthy of you to kill a woman.
COMMENTARY
Devakī was shining with satisfaction because she had been able to hide her son.
krpanā: helplessly; indicates Devakī was suffering because she hoped that the baby girl could be saved.
satī: chaste lady; means Devakī was expert in trying to cheat Kaṁsa: “This child will be the future bride of your son.” Seeing that Kaṁsa was going to take the child by force, Devakī then addressed him as kalayāṇa (most auspicious) to indicate that he should not produce inauspiciousness by committing the sin of killing a female child.
|| 10.4.5 ||
bahavo hiṁsitā bhrātaḥ śiśavaḥ pāvakopamāḥ
tvayā daiva-nisṛṣṭena putrikaikā pradīyatām
TRANSLATION
My dear brother, by the influence of destiny you have already killed many babies, each of them as bright and beautiful as fire. But kindly spare this daughter. Give her to me as your gift.
COMMENTARY
Fearing that Kaṁsa would become angry after she criticized him for his cruelty in killing her previous sons, Devakī said, “It is my fate (daiva-nisṛṣṭena). What fault is there in you?” She then expressed her pitiful condition, praying that Kaṁsa should not make her arms devoid of the child.
|| 10.4.6 ||
nanv ahaṁ te hy avarajā dīnā hata-sutā prabho
dātum arhasi mandāyā aṅgemāṁ caramāṁ prajām
TRANSLATION
My lord, my brother, I am very poor, being bereft of all my children, but still I am your younger sister, and therefore it would be worthy of you to give me this last child as a gift.
COMMENTARY
aṅga: here means “Oh brother.”
|| 10.4.7 ||
śrī-śuka uvāca
upaguhyātmajām evaṁ rudatyā dīna-dīnavat
yācitas tāṁ vinirbhartsya hastād ācicchide khalaḥ
TRANSLATION
Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued: Piteously embracing her daughter and crying, Devakī begged Kaṁsa for the child, but he was so cruel that he chastised her and forcibly snatched the child from her hands.
COMMENTARY
ātmajām evaṁ: means “as if the child were her own daughter,” since Devakī was aware that it was not her daughter.
dīna dīnavat: poor woman; Devakī is described as being “like” the most miserable person (dīna dīnavat) instead of being the most miserable, because the child was not actually hers. Threatening Devakī, Kaṁsa grabbed the child from her hands.
|| 10.4.8 ||
tāṁ gṛhītvā caraṇayor jāta-mātrāṁ svasuḥ sutām
apothayac chilā-pṛṣṭhe svārthonmūlita-sauhṛdaḥ
TRANSLATION
Having uprooted all relationships with his sister because of intense selfishness, Kaṁsa, who was sitting on his knees, grasped the newborn child by the legs and tried to dash her against the surface of a stone.
COMMENTARY
apothayet: smashed; Kaṁsa threw the child down with great force.
|| 10.4.9 ||
sā tad-dhastāt samutpatya sadyo devy ambaraṁ gatā
adṛśyatānujā viṣṇoḥ sāyudhāṣṭa-mahābhujā
TRANSLATION
The child, Yogamāyā-devī, the younger sister of Lord Viṣṇu, slipped upward from Kaṁsa’s hands and appeared in the sky as Devī, the goddess Durgā, with eight arms, completely equipped with weapons.
COMMENTARY
As Yogamāyā was falling to the ground, she forcefully leaped into the sky. The Bhaviṣya-uttara Purāṇa says that Yogamāyā (Durgā) put her foot on Kaṁsa’s head as she went up into the sky. She is described here as the younger sister (anujā) of Kṛṣṇa, indicating that Kṛṣṇa as well as Yogamāyā were born from Yaśodā. She held weapons in her eight arms to frighten Kaṁsa.
|| 10.4.10-11 ||
divya-srag-ambarālepa-ratnābharaṇa-bhūṣitā
dhanuḥ-śūleṣu-carmāsi-śaṅkha-cakra-gadā-dharā
siddha-cāraṇa-gandharvair apsaraḥ-kinnaroragaiḥ
upāhṛtoru-balibhiḥ stūyamānedam abravīt
TRANSLATION
The goddess Durgā was decorated with flower garlands, smeared with sandalwood pulp and dressed with excellent garments and ornaments made of valuable jewels. Holding in her hands a bow, a trident, arrows, a shield, a sword, a conchshell, a disc and a club, and being praised by celestial beings like Apsarās, Kinnaras, Uragas, Siddhas, Cāraṇas and Gandharvas, who worshiped her with all kinds of presentations, she spoke as follows.
|| 10.4.12 ||
kiṁ mayā hatayā manda jātaḥ khalu tavānta-kṛt
yatra kva vā pūrva-śatrur mā hiṁsīḥ kṛpaṇān vṛthā
TRANSLATION
O Kaṁsa, you fool, what will be the use of killing me? The Supreme Personality of Godhead, who has been your enemy from the very beginning and who will certainly kill you, has already taken His birth somewhere else. Therefore, do not unnecessarily kill other children.
COMMENTARY
The goddess Durgā said, “Kaṁsa, what can you gain from killing me? If you kill me, you still cannot prevent your own death. He who will kill you has already been born somewhere else (yatra kva vā), which cannot be revealed to you.”
kṛpaṇam: refers to Devakī who is suffering. Another reading is kṛpaṇān, which refers to many poor babies. The sentence would then read, “You should not kill poor innocent children,” instead of “You should not kill poor Devakī,”
|| 10.4.13 ||
iti prabhāṣya taṁ devī māyā bhagavatī bhuvi
bahu-nāma-niketeṣu bahu-nāmā babhūva ha
TRANSLATION
After speaking to Kaṁsa in this way, the goddess Durgā, Yogamāyā, appeared in different places, such as Vārāṇasī, and became celebrated by different names, such as Annapūrṇā, Durgā, Kālī and Bhadrā.
COMMENTARY
niketeṣu: different places; Māyādevi or goddess Durgā became famous by many names in different places such as Vārāṇasī.
|| 10.4.14 ||
tayābhihitam ākarṇya kaṁsaḥ parama-vismitaḥ
devakīṁ vasudevaṁ ca vimucya praśrito ’bravīt
TRANSLATION
After hearing the words of the goddess Durgā, Kaṁsa was struck with wonder. Thus he approached his sister Devakī and brother-in-law Vasudeva, released them immediately from their shackles, and very humbly spoke as follows.
COMMENTARY
parama vismitah: wonderstruck; In great astonishment, Kaṁsa thought, “How could a mere mortal like Devakī give birth to Durgā-devī? But then how could Durgā’s words be false?”
|| 10.4.15 ||
aho bhaginy aho bhāma mayā vāṁ bata pāpmanā
puruṣāda ivāpatyaṁ bahavo hiṁsitāḥ sutāḥ
TRANSLATION
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