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The Meeting of Nanda Mahārāja and Vasudeva
Содержание книги
- O Vidura! Meditating on her son Kapila, the Supreme Lord, she quickly became detached from that opulent house.
- nityārūḍha-samādhitvāt
- kṣetraṁ trailokya-viśrutam
- kapilasya ca saṁvādo
- Vishvanatha Chakravarti Thakura
- The Advent of Lord Kṛṣṇa
- Once when mother earth was overburdened by hundreds of thousands of military phalanxes of various conceited demons dressed like kings, she approached Lord Brahmā for relief.
- Mother earth assumed the form of a cow. Very much distressed, with tears in her eyes, she appeared before Lord Brahmā and told him about her misfortune.
- O great hero, one who takes birth is sure to die; for death is born with the body. One may die today or after hundreds of years, but death is sure for every living entity.
- After thus considering the matter as far as his knowledge would allow, Vasudeva submitted his proposal to the sinful Kaṁsa with great respect.
- Vasudeva agreed and took his child back home, but because Kaṁsa had no character and no self-control, Vasudeva knew that he could not rely on Kaṁsa’s word.
- By sacrifices of animals, ordinary human beings will worship you gorgeously, with various paraphernalia, because you are supreme in fulfilling the material desires of everyone.
- The Birth of Lord Kṛṣṇa
- When both of you were ordered by Lord Brahmā to create progeny, you first underwent severe austerities by controlling your senses.
- Thus you spent twelve thousand celestial years performing difficult activities of tapasya in consciousness of Me [Kṛṣṇa consciousness].
- After you received that benediction and I disappeared, you engaged yourselves in sex to have a son like Me, and I fulfilled your desire.
- O supremely chaste mother, I, the same personality, have now appeared of you both as your son for the third time. Take My words as the truth.
- Vasudeva placed the female child on the bed of Devakī, bound his legs with the iron shackles, and thus remained there as before.
- Exhausted by the labor of childbirth, Yaśodā was overwhelmed with sleep and unable to understand what kind of child had been born to her.
- The Atrocities of King Kaṁsa
- Alas, my sister! Alas, my brother-in-law! I am indeed so sinful that exactly like a man-eater [Rākṣasa] who eats his own child, I have killed so many sons born of you.
- Alas, not only human beings but sometimes even providence lies. And I am so sinful that I believed the omen of providence and killed so many of my sister’s children.
- After hearing their master’s statement, the envious asuras, who were enemies of the demigods and were not very expert in their dealings, advised Kaṁsa as follows.
- The demigods always fear the sound of your bowstring. They are constantly in anxiety, afraid of fighting. Therefore, what can they do by their endeavors to harm you?
- My dear King, when a man persecutes great souls, all his benedictions of longevity, beauty, fame, religion, blessings and promotion to higher planets will be destroyed.
- The Meeting of Nanda Mahārāja and Vasudeva
- My dear brother Nanda Mahārāja, at an advanced age you had no son at all and were hopeless of having one. Therefore, that you now have a son is a sign of great fortune.
- Killing the Demon Pūtanā
- While Nanda Mahārāja was returning to Gokula, the same fierce
- The Killing of the Demon Tṛṇāvarta
- For a moment, the whole pasturing ground was overcast with dense darkness from the dust storm, and mother Yaśodā was unable to find her son where she had placed Him.
- Because of the bits of sand thrown about by Tṛṇāvarta, people could not see themselves or anyone else, and thus they were illusioned and disturbed.
- When mother Yaśodā saw the whole universe within the mouth of her child, her heart began to throb, and in astonishment she wanted to close her restless eyes.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa Shows the Universal Form Within His Mouth
- For many reasons, this beautiful son of yours sometimes appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva.
- For this son of yours there are many forms and names according to His transcendental qualities and activities. These are known to me, but people in general do not understand them.
- Mother Yaśodā Binds Lord Kṛṣṇa
- Deliverance of the Yamala-arjuna Trees
- Having thus spoken, Kṛṣṇa soon entered between the two arjuna trees, and thus the big mortar to which He was bound turned crosswise and stuck between them.
- O Lord, You exist before the creation. Therefore, who, trapped by a body of material qualities in this material world, can understand You?
- The Childhood Pastimes of Kṛṣṇa
- When Nanda Mahārāja saw his own son bound with ropes to the wooden mortar and dragging it, he smiled and released Kṛṣṇa from His bonds.
- Right by the reservoir, the boys saw a gigantic body resembling a mountain peak broken and struck down by a thunderbolt. They were afraid even to see such a huge living being.
- That great-bodied demon was named Bakāsura. He had assumed the body of a duck with a very sharp beak. Having come there, he immediately swallowed Kṛṣṇa.
- The words of persons in full knowledge of Brahman never become untrue. It is very wonderful that whatever Gargamuni predicted we are now actually experiencing in all detail.
- The Killing of the Demon Aghāsura
- The boys said: Dear friends, is this creature dead, or is it actually a living python with its mouth spread wide just to swallow us all? Kindly clear up this doubt.
- On the left and right, the two depressions resembling mountain caves are the corners of its mouth, and the high mountain peaks are its teeth.
- The hot fiery wind is the breath coming out of his mouth, which is giving off the bad smell of burning flesh because of all the dead bodies he has eaten.
- Brahmā Stealing the Boys and Calves
Chapter Five
The Meeting of Nanda Mahārāja and Vasudeva
|| 10.5.1-2 ||
śrī-śuka uvāca
nandas tv ātmaja utpanne jātāhlādo mahā-manāḥ
āhūya viprān veda-jñān snātaḥ śucir alaṅkṛtaḥ
vācayitvā svastyayanaṁ jāta-karmātmajasya vai
kārayām āsa vidhivat pitṛ-devārcanaṁ tathā
TRANSLATION
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Nanda Mahārāja was naturally very magnanimous, and when Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa appeared as his son, he was overwhelmed by jubilation. Therefore, after bathing and purifying himself and dressing himself properly, he invited brāhmaṇas who knew how to recite Vedic mantras. After having these qualified brāhmaṇas recite auspicious Vedic hymns, he arranged to have the Vedic birth ceremony celebrated for his newborn child according to the rules and regulations, and he also arranged for worship of the demigods and forefathers.
commentary
This chapter describes the festivities at Kṛṣṇa’s birth, going to Mathurā to pay tax and the conversation between Nanda and Vasudeva.
Although Vasudeva was completely overjoyed over the birth of his son, due to fear of Kaṁsa he could not celebrate the birth in Mathurā with the jāta karma ceremony (cutting of the umbilical cord).
nandas tv ātmaja: the birth of Nanda’s son; But (tu) when Nanda’s son was born, he joyfully celebrated the birth with svasti-vācana and other auspicious ceremonies. The use of the word “tu” indicates the difference in the birth celebration, but it also indicates that Kṛṣṇa was born in Nanda’s house as well as in Mathurā. This proof is established in the Hari-vaṁsa: “In the eighth month on the eighth tithi, before the pregnancy was complete, both Devakī and Yaśodā gave birth at the same time.”
The word tu is not used merely to complete the meter of the śloka, because the meaning of the sentence is complete without the word tu. Nor should it be argued that “tu” is a meaningless word. The natural conclusion is that the word tu means that Kṛṣṇa was born from Yaśodā’s womb as the son of Nanda. The jāta karma ceremony takes place only after cutting the umbilical cord. How could there be a child born with the umbilical cord already cut, which would be the case if Kṛṣṇa were Vasudeva’s child?
The fact that Kṛṣṇa is actually the son of Yaśodā is mentioned in many sāstras. Therefore, it should not be claimed that these statements do not represent the real meaning of the words in this verse. For example, in Chapter Four verse nine of the Śrīmad Bhāgavatam, Māyādevī is mentioned Kṛṣṇa’s younger sister because she was born to Yaśodā after Him. In Chapter Eight verse thirty-four, Garga Muni tells Nanda Mahārāja that previously Nanda’s son was born in Vasudeva’s house. In Chapter Fourteen verse one, Lord Brahmā says that Kṛṣṇa was born from a limb of Nanda. Besides the Śrīmad Bhāgavatam, other scriptures address Kṛṣṇa as the son of a cowherd woman. In the Gautamīya-tantra Kṛṣṇa is called Yaśodanaṇdana, the son of Yaśodā. Krama-dīpikā refers to Kṛṣṇa as the son of the cowherder named Nanda, “nanda gopa tanaya.” Poetic works describe Kṛṣṇa as the son of Nanda, nanda-putra.
One may argue that these names and others such Nandanandana, Subala-sakha, Gopīkanta are merely expressions of prema, indicating Kṛṣṇa’s dear submission to Nanda Mahārāja. They do not prove that Kṛṣṇa is the son of Yaśodā and Nanda Mahārāja. There are also names such as Vasudevanandana, Arjuna-sakha and Rukminikanta, which express prema mixed with aiśvarya, majesty. These terms are used simply to express different degrees of love. Otherwise, Varāhadeva should be well known as the son of Brahmā, and Parīkṣit should be known as the son of Uttarā. Thus Kṛṣṇa has different names according to the mood of love of His devotee. Therefore, Nanda and Yaśodā’s referring to Kṛṣṇa as Yaśodanandana does not indicate that they believe Kṛṣṇa is their son.
One cannot say however that Nanda and Yaśodā’s thinking of Kṛṣṇa as their son out of love alone gives rise to these names, because such thinking cannot overpower the actual facts. It cannot be that causeless prema is caused simply by causal thinking (of things which are not true). If one thinks of Bhagavān Śrī Kṛṣṇa as an ordinary jīva that does not make the Lord a jīva. And speaking what appears to be false, as in the pastime of Kṛṣṇa denying His eating of earth, can give rise to the highest truth for the devotee: the fact that Kṛṣṇa had millions of universes in his mouth. Kṛṣṇa’s words, though apparently lies, actually become the highest truth. This is most praiseworthy, worshipable and love-inspiring for the spiritualist.
jatāhlādo: overwhelmed in jubilation; Joy also took birth because of the birth of the child. This word is a literary ornament of metaphor. Nanda had others perform Kṛṣṇa’s birth rituals because he was unable to do so, due to being overwhelmed with joy over the birth of his son.
|| 10.5.3 ||
dhenūnāṁ niyute prādād viprebhyaḥ samalaṅkṛte
tilādrīn sapta ratnaugha-śātakaumbhāmbarāvṛtān
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