Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks

Protect                blood                  shape                       bones

Skeleton                 ribcage                   tendon                minerals

Skeletal               cranium              ligaments

Jellyfish        marrow             move

 

There are around 206 ________________ in the adult human body. These bones plus the connecting tissue make up the _______________ system.

The skeletal system is very important for many reasons. Some bones help _____________ our organs. The _____________, for example, protects our brains and the ________________ protects our lungs.

The skeletal system also gives us our _______________. Without a ______________, we would be shapeless blobs like a ______________ or an earthworm. Our bones, which are connected by ______________, provide a frame for the rest of the organs, giving us our unique body shape.

The skeletal system also helps us ______________. Muscles, which are attached to bones by _______________, cause the bones to move, which makes our bodies move.

Bones also help your body store ________________ such as calcium. If there is too much calcium in the blood, some of it becomes bone. If there is not enough calcium, then the bones gives some to the blood.

Finally, another important function of bones is to produce ________________. Inside bones there is a soft substance called ________________, which is used to make blood cells.

 

 

Crossword

Across / погоризонтали

4. The place where two bones meet.

5. The triangle shaped bone in your upper back.

8. The bone that holds your lower teeth.

10. The substance inside a bone that makes blood cells.

13. The bone that protects your brains.

15. The bone in your shoulders.

16. One of the lower leg bones.

17. Your backbone.

18. The upper arm bone a. k.a. your funny bone.

Down / повертикали

1. Something that joins muscles to bone.

2. One of the bones in your spine.

3. Something that joins bone to bone.

6. One of the lower leg bones.

7. The largest bone in the human body.

9. The bone in the center of the chest between the ribs.

11. The collection of bones that protect your lungs.

12. One of the forearm bones.

14. One of the forearm bones.

Тема2.2. The Respiratory System/ Дыхательнаясистема

Level A

We learn the new words / Мыучимновыеслова:

respiration – дыхание                                                                                        respiratory – дыхательный
waste products – продуктыраспада

remove – удалять,

выводить

inhale – вдыхать

inhalation – вдыхание

exhale – выдыхать

exhalation – выдыхание

breathe – дышать

pass – проходить

passage,passage-way – проход, воздухоносный путь

windpipe – дыхательное горло

trachea – трахея

bronchus – бронх

bronchial – бронхиальный

Weread / Мы читаем

Respiratory system

    Respiration occurs in all living things, both plants and animals. The рroper function of this system is perhaps the most important one in the sustaining of life. Interruption of breathing for only a few minutes by suffocation or strangulation causes death. In the human organism, respiration consists of those processes by which the body cells and tissues make use of oxygen and by which carbon dioxide or the waste products of respiration are removed.

    Inhaled air contains about 20 per cent oxygen and four hundredths of one per cent carbon dioxide. Exhaled air consists of approximately 16 per cent oxygen and 4 per cent carbon dioxide. Nitrogen, which makes up about 79 per cent of the atmosphere, is not involved in the breathing process. When air is inhaled into the lungs, a portion of the oxygen is passing into the blood and is being circulated through the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide is being diffused out of the blood into the lungs and exhaled.

    Air is breathed through either the mouth or nose into the oral cavity, or pharynx. It then passes through the voice box, or larynx, into the windpipe, or trachea. The trachea ultimately divides into two smaller tubes, bronchi, one is going to each lung. The bronchi divide into tiny passage-ways that are named bronchioles, which lead directly to minute air sacs, or alveoli. The exchange of life-giving gases is effected through the walls of the alveoli.

 

SayitinEnglish / Скажите это по-английски дыхание, все живые существа, истинная функция, прерывание дыхания, организм человека, клетки тела, вдыхаемый воздух, выдыхаемый воздух, дыхательный процесс, часть кислорода, глотка, гортань, две более мелкие трубки, гортанные миндалины, резонанс голоса, мышечное усилие, количество респираций. Establish the correct order of the respiratory system. Translateandwritedowntheminyourdictionary / Расположите слова по теме в правильном порядке, переведите их и запишите в свой словарь

 

a. lung capillaries, b. bronchioles, c. nose, d. trachea, e. alveoli, f. bronchi, g. nasal cavities, h. larynx, i. pharynx

 

Choose the correct translation of the selected words / Выберитеправильныйпереводвыделенныхслов

 

1. Each lung is surrounded by a double-folded membrane, the pleura. (окружает, окружило, окружено)

2. The tonsils are located in the oropharynx. (былирасположены, расположат, расположены)

3. Numerous questions were being discussed at the lesson. (обсуждались, обсуждают, будутобсуждены)

4. The concept of respiration was based directly upon the work of Lavoisier. (былаоснована, основывают, основана)

5. The total number of alveoli in the lung has been estimated as 750 millions. (насчитывают, насчитали, насчитал)

Level B

Vocabulary

respiration – дыхание                                                                                        respiratory – дыхательный
waste products – продуктыраспада

remove – удалять,

выводитьinhale – вдыхать

inhalation – вдыхание

exhale – выдыхать

exhalation – выдыхание

breathe – дышать

pass – проходить

passage,passage-way – проход, воздухоносный путь

windpipe – дыхательное горло

trachea – трахея

bronchus – бронх

bronchial – бронхиальный

divide – делить

surround – окружать

involve – вовлекать, затрагивать

involvement - вовлечение

Reading

Respiratory System

1. Respiration occurs in all living things, both plants and animals. The рroper function of this system is perhaps the most important one in the sustaining of life. Interruption of breathing for only a few minutes by suffocation or strangulation causes death. In the human organism, respiration consists of those processes by which the body cells and tissues make use of oxygen and by which carbon dioxide or the waste products of respiration are removed.

2. Inhaled air contains about 20 per cent oxygen and four hundredths of one per cent carbon dioxide. Exhaled air consists of approximately 16 per cent oxygen and 4 per cent carbon dioxide. Nitrogen, which makes up about 79 per cent of the atmosphere, is not involved in the breathing process. When air is inhaled into the lungs, a portion of the oxygen is passing into the blood and is being circulated through the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide is being diffused out of the blood into the lungs and exhaled.

3. Air is breathed through either the mouth or nose into the oral cavity, or pharynx. It then passes through the voice box, or larynx, into the windpipe, or trachea. The trachea ultimately divides into two smaller tubes, bronchi, one is going to each lung. The bronchi divide into tiny passage-ways that are named bronchioles, which lead directly to minute air sacs, or alveoli. The exchange of life-giving gases is effected through the walls of the alveoli.

5. Other structures which are connected with the system include: the laryngeal tonsils, which are masses of tissue in the nasopharynx or posterior portions of the nasal passages (adenoids are infected or diseased laryngeal tonsils); the sinuses, cavities in the bones in the front part of the skull that provide resonance to the voice, and the pleura, a doublewalled membrane which surrounds the lungs.

6. When the diaphragm contracts and flattens, it contributes to the extension of the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity. Air is constantly renewing in the lungs. The capacity of the air passages is increasing. Any muscular effort, e.g. even standing up, increases the number of respirations.

SayitinEnglish

дыхание, все живые существа, истинная функция, прерывание дыхания, организм человека, клетки тела, вдыхаемый воздух, выдыхаемый воздух, дыхательный процесс, часть кислорода, глотка, гортань, две более мелкие трубки, гортанные миндалины, резонанс голоса, мышечное усилие, количество респираций. Establish the correct order of the respiratory system. Translate and write down them in your dictionary.

a. lung capillaries, b. bronchioles, c. nose, d. trachea, e. alveoli, f. bronchi, g. nasal cavities, h. larynx, i. pharynx

Answer the questions

1. What gases are involved in breathing?

2. What parts of the respiratory system does the air pass on its way to the alveoli? 3. What are the other structures connected with the system?

4. Does the diaphragm contribute to the extension of the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity?

 5. Any muscular effort increases the number of respirations, doesn't it?