Read the text and do the exercise after it.

Blood pressure

Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure.

Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number. A reading of

· 119/79 or lower is normal blood pressure

· 140/90 or higher is high blood pressure

· Between 120 and 139 for the top number, or between 80 and 89 for the bottom number is called prehypertension. Prehypertension means you may end up with high blood pressure, unless you take steps to prevent it.

High blood pressure usually has no symptoms, but it can cause serious problems such as stroke, heart failure, heart attack and kidney failure.

You can control high blood pressure through healthy lifestyle habits and taking medicines, if needed.

The numeric (числовая) difference between your systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called your pulse pressure. For example, if your resting blood pressure is 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), your pulse pressure is 40.

For adults older than age 60, a pulse pressure greater than 60 can be a useful predictor of heart attacks or other cardiovascular disease; this is especially true for men.

 

Match the beginnings (1-6) to the endings (a-f)

1) When your heart beats…..         a) your blood pressure falls.

2) When your heart is at rest…..    b) it pumps blood into the arteries.

3) A reading of 105 / 75…..            c) the result of high blood pressure.

4) High blood pressure…..                 d) medicine helps to control your B.P.

5) Kidney failure can be…..            e) is normal blood pressure.

6) Healthy lifestyle habits and taking…..  f) causes many health problems.

 

Listening

Listen to a conversation between a doctor and a nurse

Listen again and complete the conversation

Nurse: Dr.McNeil, could you come over here …..?

Doctor: Sure, Carol. What do you need?

Nurse: I just took Ms. Greyson’s blood pressure. It’s one (hundred and) fifty …..ninety-two.

Doctor: Hmm. That’s…....

Nurse: I just ….. too.

Doctor: Who’s her …..?

Nurse: Her chart says it’s Dr. Sartin

Doctor: He’ll want to ….. this.

Nurse: I’ll let his office know to set up an appointment.

Doctor: Good idea! Thanks for consulting me.

Read the dialogue and act it out:

Fay: Hi, Bessie. I took Samira’s 10 a m Obs. for you.

Bessie: Oh, thanks, Fay. What were they?

Fay: Her temp is thirty-seven eight now.

Bessie: Oh. Her temp’s up a bit.

Fay: Mm. Her pulse is 64. BP is one hundred and ten over sixty.

Bessie: OK, Pulse 64, BP is one hundred and ten over sixty. What about her resps?

Fay: Resps are still 18. Oxygen sats are 98%. I’ve charted the Obs. for you.

Bessie: Oh. Thanks a lot.

Writing

Fill in the gaps using the words from the vocabulary:

Accelerated or malignant hypertension is characterized by a sudden and rapid rise of diastolic pressure above 120mm Hg and ….. Grade111-1V retinopathy. When the pressure ….. causes an immediate threat to the patient’s life, ………. exists.

 

Тема 5.2. Blood and its components / Кровьиееэлементы

Level A

We learn the new words / Мыучимслова

blood; bleeding – кровь; кровотечение spongy – пористый, губчатый solid – твердый  liquid – жидкость; жидкий cell - клетка clot; clotting – свертываться; свертывание platelet - тромбоцит red blood cell- эритроцит white blood cell – лейкоцит deliver – доставлять connective tissue – соединительная ткань

bone marrow – костныймозг excessive – избыточный die – умирать, погибать cut – порез wound – рана defensesystem - система защиты plateletdisorder - нарушение свертывания крови madeup (of) – состоящий из over – свыше fight - бороться contain - содержать

We read / Мычитаем

BLOOD

Your blood is living tissue made up of liquid and solids. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts, and protein. Over half of your blood is plasma. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs. White blood cells fight infection and are part of your body's defense system. Platelets help blood to clot when you have a cut or wound. Bone marrow, the spongy material inside your bones, makes new blood cells. Blood cells constantly die and your body makes new cells. Red blood cells live about 120 days, platelets 6 days and white cells less than a day.

Problems with your blood may include bleeding disorders, excessive clotting and platelet disorders. If you lose too much blood, you may need a transfusion.

Read the questions in A, choose and read the correct answers in B / ПрочитайтевопросывколонкеА, выберитеипрочитайтеправильныеответывколонке B

A	B
1 What is blood?	a) They live six days.
2 What does the solid part contain?	b) If you lose too much blood.
3 Do red blood cells fight infection?	c) Blood is a liquid connective tissue.
4 How many days do platelets live?	d) It contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
5 When do you need a blood transfusion?	e) No, they don’t. They deliver oxygen to the tissues and organs.

Wewrite / Мы пишем

Fillinthegap / Заполните пропуски используя слова в рамке

cell    lives  to clot

 

A platelet is a small ……… in your blood. It ……… about six days. Platelets help blood ………when you have a wound.

 

Level B

Vocabulary

erythrocyte - эритроцит leucocyte - лейкоцит thrombocyte - тромбоцит convert - преобразовывать expel – вытеснять, выводить cytoplasm - цитоплазма hemoglobin (haemoglobin)-гемоглобин agranulocyte - агранулоцит granulocyte - гранулоцит eosinophil –иозофил blood clotting, coagulation – свертываемостькрови

basophil - базофил neutrophil - нейтрофил node - узел spleen - селезенка lymphocyte - лимфоцит monocyte - моноцит tiny - крошечный occur – происходить complete - заканчивать fluid – жидкость, жидкий subdivide – подразделять injury - травма

 

Reading

Read the text “Blood” and do the exercises after it.

Blood

Blood contains fluid called plasma plus microscopical cellular elements: erythrocytes, leucocytes and thrombocytes.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells of which 4,5-5 million are found in each cubic millimeter. These cells are made in the bone marrow and are important in transporting oxygen from the lungs through the blood stream to the cells over the body. The oxygen is then used up by body cells in the process of converting blood to energy (catabolism). Hemoglobin containing iron is an important protein in erythrocytes which helps in carrying the oxygen as it travels through the blood stream.

Erythrocytes also carry away carbon dioxide (CO2), a waste product of catabolism of food in cells, from the body cells to the lungs. On arriving there, it is expelled in the process of breathing.

Leucocytes are white blood cells from 4,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter existing in several types: granulocytes and agranulocytes which are subdivided into different types.

Granulocytes are cells with granules in their cytoplasm formed in bone marrow. There are three types of granulocytes: eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils.

Agranulocytes are produced in lymph nodes and spleen. There are two types of agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes.

Thrombocytes or platelets are tiny cells formed in the bone marrow. They are necessary for blood clotting. Their number is 400,000 per cubic millimeter. The plasma is the fluid portion before clotting has occurred. The serum is the fluid portion of blood remaining after the coagulation process is completed.

Say it in English:

1. микроскопические клеточные элементы 2. в каждом кубическом миллиметре 3. через кровоток 4. по всему организму 5. процесс превращения пищи в энергию 6. выводить 7. продукт отхода 8. выталкивать, выбрасывать 9.несколько видов 10. лимфатические узлы 11. крошечные клетки 12. свертываемость крови 13. завершаться

In pairs, discuss the following questions:

1. What does blood contain?

2. How many erythrocytes can be found in each cubic millimeter?

3. Where are these cells made?

4. What is their function?

5. What role does hemoglobin play?

6. What are the types of leucocytes?

7. Where are agranulocytes produced?

8. What types of agranulocytes do you know?

9. What organs form thrombocytes?

10. What is the difference between the plasma and serum?

Fill in the missing prepositions:

1. Thrombocytes are necessary……… blood clotting.

2. The plasma is the fluid portion ……… clotting has occurred.

3. There are two types …… agranulocytes.

4. Granulocytes are cells ….. granules in their cytoplasm.

5.  The number of leucocytes is ….. 4,000 ….. 10,000 per cubic millimeter.

6. The oxygen is used …..body cells in the process ….. converting food ….. energy.

7. Carbon dioxide is expelled ….. the process ….. breathing.

8. Erythrocytes transport oxygen ….. lungs ….. the blood stream ….. the cells of the body.

9. They also carry …..a waste ….. catabolism.

Speaking

Speak on the following functions of blood:

1. Carriage (Доставка) of oxygen to body cells.

2. Carriage of digested food to body cells.

3. Carriage of carbon dioxide and other waste products away from body cells.

4. Carriage of hormones.

5. Defense against disease and repair of injury.

6. Maintenance (Поддержание) of body temperature.