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Leonardo da Vinci was a famous inventor. Look at these inventions. Which are his ideas or inventions?Содержание книги
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4.READING Read the text Leonardo da Vinci quickly and check your ideas. Leonardo da Vinci Man of art. Man of ideas. Man of inventions. His life Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) lived in a small town in Italy with his grandparents. He studied at home and enjoyed music, singing and mathematics. At the age of 16, he wanted to study art, so he moved to the city of Florence for art classes. He finished his studies after four years. He then worked in Milan as an engineer and he started his life as an inventor. In 1500 he returned to Florence and in 1516 he travelled to France, where he stayed for the rest of his life. His inventions Leonardo da Vinci lived and worked before people used electricity and petrol for power, but he had the first ideas for many machines that we use today. The robot Leonardo built his robot in 1495. The robot stood up, sat down and held things in its arms. The car A single passenger drove the car. It travelled 40 metres at a time. The helicopter Leonardo designed the first helicopter but he never made it. His design used a screw to lift the helicopter into the air. This is different from the modern design, but the general idea is similar. The diving suit Leonardo made the suit of leather and added long pipes to carry the air to the diver. He also invented special gloves for divers. Today, divers use them on their feet! These are just some of Leonardo’s hundreds of inventions. He also invented a parachute and even high heels! Are these sentences true or false? 1 When he was young, Leonardo was at a large school. 2 Leonardo was an engineering student. 3 A lot of modern inventions use his ideas. 4 The robot could only move its legs. 5 The car could only travel a short distance. 6 Leonardo’s helicopter is the same as the modern ones. 7 Modern divers use Leonardo’s diving glove. Put the inventions in the text in order of importance. Compare with a partner. 5. PROJECT Find at the information about Alfred Nobel and Levi Strauss. Match the information with these inventors and then write a short text about them. 6. READING Read the text on plastic and match the objects to a country on the World map. Write the name of the object in the space for each of the six countries. A Plastic World Oil was first discovered in Pennsylvania in 1839. Many of the inventions we have today could not work if we did not have oil. It is used to drive many kinds of transport like cars, buses, planes, and ships which are built in the USA. Oil is also used to heat our houses. Plastic is used in Indonesia to make everything from supermarket bags to computers and mobile phones. In fact, most of the things we use in our lives are made of plastic. Plastic is used because it is cheap and tough, and can last a long time. New products are invented almost every day. Most toys and games today are produced in China and then they are sent to different parts of the world. Many other more expensive items like mobile telephones are made by big companies in Finland. Look around your house. How many electrical items are made in Japan? Look at your athletic shoes. Maybe they were made in India or Korea. But where does plastic come from? The answer is that plastic is produced from oil.
Lesson 59 1. READING Read the text: Discoveries and Inventions
Complete the following statements: When? 1.___________________was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. _______________ 2. __________________ was invented by Gottlieb Daimler. _______________ 3. __________________ were invented by Thomas Sullivan. _______________ 4. _____________________ was developed by Gideon Sundbach. _______________ 5._____________________ was invented by the Wright brothers. _______________ 6._____________________ were discovered by W. K. von Roentgen. _______________ 7. ___________________ was invented by the Biro brothers. _______________ 8. ______________________ was invented by Bessie Nesmith. _______________ 9._____________________ was invented by Cousteau and Gagnan. _______________ 10. ______________________ was invented by Eric Rotheim. _______________ 11. ______________________ were invented by Levi Strauss. _______________ 12. ______________________ was invented by Richard G. Drew. _______________ 13. ______________________ was invented by John Montagu. _______________ 14. ______________________ was invented by Walter Hunt. _______________ READING Read the text: Albert Einstein On 18th April 1955 Albert Einstein, possibly the most famous scientist of all time, died in New Jersey in the USA, aged 76. In 1999 he was described by Time magazine as the ‘Person of the Century’. It is said that Einstein’s interest in science began at the age of five when he was given a compass as a present, and at school it was clear that his ability in mathematics was extraordinary. The biggest of Einstein’s many scientific achievements was probably his General Theory of Relativity, published in 1916. His ideas on space, time and matter were completely new, and helped develop a lot of the technology that forms part of our modern world, such as atomic energy and – unfortunately – nuclear weapons. Einstein worked on his scientific theories in Germany, where he was born, and in Switzerland before moving to the USA in 1933. Although he was a pacifist, in 1939 he told President Roosevelt of the USA that the country needed to make an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany – which of course it did. Later in his life, when talking about the power of modern weapons, he said: “I don’t know with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” He was also famous for being quite eccentric. For example, he hated wearing socks, enjoyed talking to his cat, and found it difficult to remember people’s birthdays. Also, although he spoke English very well, he said he was never able to write in the language because the spelling of English words was too difficult. After he died, scientists decided to study Einstein’s brain. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they found that the part that was responsible for mathematical thought was 15% bigger than average. Fill in the eleven missing words and discover the word that completes another of Einstein’s famous quotes: “_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is more important than knowledge.”
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