Match the measuring instruments to their names.

A	B	C	D	E	F
Thermometer	Radiometer	Scale	Watch	Altimeter	Sundial

 

What do we use scales, thermometers, speedometers, clocks for? What other measuring instruments do you know? What are they used for?

READING

3. Read the text about measuring instruments and complete sentences 1-5 with words from the text:

1. Weight is measured by …..

2. Heat is measured by …..

3. Time is measured by …..

4. Light is measured by …..

5. Altitude is measured by …..

Measuring Instruments

Measuring instrument is a device for determining the value of some quantity in terms of a standard unit. In the physical sciences, quality assurance, and engineering, measurement is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical quantities of real-world objects and events. Measuring instruments, and formal test methods which define the instrument's use, are the means by which these relations of numbers are obtained. All measuring instruments are subject to varying degrees of instrument error and measurement uncertainty.

Scientists, engineers and other humans use a vast range of instruments to perform their measurements. These instruments may range from simple objects such as rulers and stopwatches to electron microscopes and particle accelerators. Virtual instrumentation is widely used in the development of modern measuring instruments. A wide variety of measuring instruments is used for different purposes, for example:

•Scale – for measuring weight,

•Altimeter – for measuring altitude,

•Bolometer; Radiometer – for measuring radiant energy,

•Thermometer; Calorimetry – for measuring heat,

•Interferometer; Photometry – for measuring light,

•Clocks and Watches; Sundial; Clepsydra – for measuring time, and others.

METROLOGY is the science of measurement. Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement. Metrology is defined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) as "the science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology." Metrology is a very broad field and may be divided into three subfields:

 

Subfield	Definition
Scientific or fundamental metrology	concerns the establishment of quantity systems, unit systems, units of measurement, the development of new measurement methods, realisation of measurement standards and the transfer of traceability from these standards to users in society.
Applied or industrial metrology	concerns the application of measurement science to manufacturing and other processes and their use in society, ensuring the suitability of measurement instruments, their calibration and quality control of measurements.
Legal metrology	concerns regulatory requirements of measurements and measuring instruments for the protection of health, public safety, the environment, enabling taxation, protection of consumers and fair trade.

 

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

4. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1. quality control a) вимірювальний інструмент

2. theoretical determination b) гарантія якості

3. measuring instrument c) різні цілі

4. particle accelerator d) контроль якості

5. quality assurance e) фізичні науки

6. different purposes f) прискорювач часток

7. physical sciences g) теоретичне визначення

 

5. Match each word from the text with its synonym:

1. application a) meaning

2. instrument b) way

3. device c) mistake

4. value d) use

5. method e) tool

6. error f) defense

7. protection g) apparatus

 

6. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text:

1. A wide variety of measuring instruments is used …….

2. Applied or industrial metrology concerns …….

3. Metrology is defined by the International Bureau …….

4. Scientific or fundamental metrology concerns …….

5. Measuring instrument is a device for determining …….

6. Legal metrology concerns regulatory …….

7. Measuring instruments, and formal test methods …….

 

7. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:

1. Metrology includes all _______ and practical aspects of measurement.

a) automatic b) theoretical c) important d) mechanical

2. Metrology is the _______ of measurement.

a) science b) method c) field d) mode

3. Metrology is a very _______ field and may be divided into three subfields.

a) huge b) large c) broad d) big

4. Virtual instrumentation is widely used in the _______ of modern measuring instruments.

a) breakage b) production c) application d) development

5. All measuring instruments are subject to varying degrees of instrument _______ and measurement uncertainty.

a) error b) importance c) precision d) accuracy

6. Measuring instruments may range from _______ objects such as rulers and stopwatches to electron microscopes and particle accelerators.

a) easy b) complicated c) simple d) complex

7. Scientists, engineers and other humans use a vast range of instruments to _______ their measurements.

a) increase b) perform c) improve d) develop

 

8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:

^1

^2

^3

^4

^5

^6

^7

^8

^9

^10

^11

 

Across:   The fact of being measurable; an amount or number.   A set of instruments, especially to help in controlling a machine.   The act of measuring; a length, height, etc., found by measuring.   A scientific instrument that makes extremely small things look larger, so that they can be seen properly and examined scientifically.   An object used to help in work where exact detail and measurements are required, such as medicine and science.   A set of numbers or standards for measuring or comparing.

Down:   An instrument used for recording height.   A level or degree of quality that is considered proper or acceptable; something fixed as a rule for measuring weight, value, etc.   An instrument for measuring and showing temperature.   The degree to which something is excellent; standard of goodness.   An amount or unit in a measuring system.

LISTENING