Underline the correct tense form in the following sentences.

1. Ukraine has / is having extremely rich mineral resources in high concentrations and close to each other.

2. Besides wheat, Ukraine is producing / produces such grains as barley, buckwheat and rice.

3. Rich iron ore reserves located near Kryvy Rih, Kremenchuk, Bilozerka, Mariupol, and Kerch form / are forming the basis of Ukraine's large iron and steel industry.

4. The industrial heartland of the country is / are the Donetsk Coal Basin.

5. Steppes and plains compose / are composing the most part of the territory of Ukraine.

6. For security purposes the employees change / are changing their passwords regularly.

7. The supervisor checks / is checking the delivery at the moment.

 

15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.

1. In this process, we always ….. (to heat) the mixture to 120°C.

2. These days we ….. (to use) plastic packaging.

3. We ….. (to work) on this project this month.

4. Next year we ….. (to build) a new depot.

5. We often ….. (to receive) raw materials from our suppliers.

6. He ….. (to take) a difficult course now.

7. He ….. (to want) to be a Civil Engineer.

16. Read the text and put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.

Michael is a politician. 1) He ….. (to be) a very busy man. Every morning he 2) ….. (to leave) home at 8 o’clock and 3) ….. (to go) to his office. He 4) ….. (usually / to have) meetings until lunchtime, and in the afternoon, he 5) ….. (often / to visit) the people of Madewell. He really 6) ….. (to enjoy) talking to people.

At the moment he and his team 7) ….. (to organize) his election campaign. There are elections in June and he 8) …..(to hope) to persuade lots of people to vote for him.

Next month he 9) ….. (to go) to London to meet the Prime Minister. They 10) ….. (to have) a meeting to discuss future plans for Madewell.

 

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Наша країна вирощує такі зернові як пшениця, гречка та рис.

2. Цього року фермери вирощують ячмінь.

3. Україна має добре розвинені хімічну та харчову промисловість.

4. Мідь проводить електрику краще ніж інші метали.

5. На території нашої країни більш ніж 50 заводів виробляють широкий спектр сільськогосподарського обладнання.

6. Потяг прибуває завтра о 6 годині.

7. Не заходьте до тієї кімнати. Там студенти нашої групи складають іспит з математики.

UNIT 3

FROM THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER

LEAD-IN

 

1.Look at the pictures. What uses of computers do they show?

 

A	B	C	D
E	F	G	H

What do you know about the history of computer development in Ukraine?

READING

3. Read the text and match the sentences (A-C) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text:

A. Computers penetrate almost into all spheres of our modern society, from nuclear energy production and missile design to the processing of bank checks, weather forecasting, manufacturing, research and medical diagnoses.

B. If Babbage had been able to get enough money to build the computer, the analytical engine would have been as big as a locomotive.

C. But the educated man of today needs to have some significant knowledge of science and a little significant knowledge about computers.

 

From the History of Computer

The educated man of 200 years ago did not need to know anything about science. The educated man of 25 - 30 years ago did not need to know anything about computers.

The computer is no doubt the most amazing achievement of mankind. It is a data storage system created by man. A human tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to count. Nearly one hundred and fifty years ago there were no such things as computers. Knotted ropes, marks in clay, the abacus are all methods of keeping track of numbers.

In 1833 an English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage, professor of Cambridge University designed the first computer. But he never built it.

During the 70 years following Babbage's death in 1871, computer scientists improved on Babbage's original idea. In 1939, Harvard University physicist Howard Aiken built the forerunner of today's computer. It used thousands of electrical switches that clicked on and off to compute data. It was much slower than later computers, which used electronic components instead of switches. In continental Europe the first electronic digital computer MACM was constructed in 1950 by Ukrainian Academician S.O. Lebedev.

Invention of electronic computers is one of the greatest achievements of mankind. The significance of it can be compared with the invention of the steam-engine and the utilization of atomic energy.

You can use a computer to write a letter, design a house, draw a picture or exchange messages with someone around the world.

Computer technology is a rapidly growing industry. According to the technical experts it is very educational. They say that computers help children to learn much more quickly. But young people's true passion is videogames. Some experts are alarmed. In their opinion, computers block the imagination and spontaneity of young people. And there are a lot of videogames which are violent and not educational.

 

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

 

4. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:

1. Technical experts say that _______ help children to learn much more quickly.

a) toys b) computers c) animals d) books

2. _______ of electronic computers is one of the greatest achievements of mankind.

a) purchase b) advertisement c) invention d) maintenance

3. The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to _______.

a) count b) make c) play d) enjoy

4. Computer technology is a rapidly growing _______.

a) enterprise b) industry c) economy d) factory

5. The _______ is no doubt the most amazing achievement of mankind.

a) airplane b) telephone c) automobile d) computer

6. Nearly one _______ and fifty years ago there were no such things as computers.

a) hundred b) year c) week d) month

7. A human tells the _______ what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

a) relative b) book c) machine d) animal

 

5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1. educated man a) система зберігання

2. significant knowledge b) технічні експерти

3. storage system c) ядерна енергія

4. electronic computer d) освічена людина

5. technical experts e) сучасне суспільство

6. modern society f) суттєві знання

7. nuclear energy g) електронний комп’ютер