Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false.

Economy and Industry of Ukraine

Ukraine is an industrial and agricultural country. Most of the gross national product comes from metallurgy, chemical industry, machine building and food industry.

Ukraine has extremely rich mineral resources in high concentrations and close to each other. Rich iron ore reserves located near Kryvy Rih, Kremenchuk, Bilozerka, Mariupol, and Kerch form the basis of Ukraine's large iron and steel industry. One of the richest areas of manganese-bearing ores in the world is located near Nikopol. Bituminous and anthracite coal used for coke are mined in the Donetsk Coal Basin (commonly called Donbas). Energy for thermal power stations is obtained using the large reserves of brown coal in the Dnipro basin (north of Kryvy Rih) and the bituminous coal deposits of the Lviv-Volhynian Basin north of Lviv. The three major natural-gas and petroleum producing areas in Ukraine are the Sub Carpathian region, the Dnipro-Donets region and the Crimean region.

Ukraine is an industrial country. The industrial heartland of the country is the Donetsk Coal Basin. It is the most densely populated and highly industrialized region of the country and one of the world's major metallurgical and heavy industry complexes. The basin has large iron and steelworks, and plants that produce mining equipment, other types of heavy machinery and a variety of chemicals.

Ukraine has a developed ferrous-metals industry, and it is one of major steel producers in the world. Another important branch of the economy is mining. Its main products are coal, natural gas and iron ore. The most prominent manufactured goods include metallurgical equipment, diesel locomotives, tractors and TV sets. Ukraine also has well-developed chemical and food industries.

The chernozem (black) soils of the forest-steppe zone are among the world's most productive farmlands and they are exceptionally good for wheat and sugar beet. Besides wheat, Ukraine produces such grains as barley (mostly for animal feed), buckwheat and rice. Other crops include potatoes, vegetables, melons, berries, fruit, nuts and grapes. Ukraine's most important industrial crop, sugar beet, is concentrated in the forest-steppe zone.

Cattle and pigs are raised throughout Ukraine, while chicken, goose and turkey are kept for meat and egg production. Bees are kept in all parts of Ukraine for honey and wax.

1. Rich iron ore reserves located near Kryvy Rih, Kremenchuk, Bilozerka, Mariupol, and Kerch form the basis of Ukraine's large iron industry.

2. The most prominent manufactured goods include food equipment, diesel locomotives, tractors and TV sets.

3. Besides wheat, Ukraine produces many grains such as barley (mostly for animal feed), buckwheat and rice.

4. Ukraine has a developed ferrous-metals industry, and it is one of major steel producers on the planet.

5. The chernozem soils of the forest-steppe zone are among the world's most productive farmlands and they are exceptionally good for potatoes.

6. Cattle and pigs are raised throughout the country, while chicken, goose and turkey are kept for meat and egg production.

7. Most of the gross national product comes from metallurgy, chemical industry, machine building and light industry.

 

T	T	T	T	T	T	T
F	F	F	F	F	F	F

 

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:

1. _______ coal used for coke are mined in the Donetsk Coal Basin.

2. Bees are kept in all parts of _______ for honey and wax.

3. Ukraine has extremely rich mineral resources in high _______.

4. Ukraine is an industrial and _______ country.

5. Ukraine also has well-developed chemical and _______ industries.

6. The industrial _______ of the country is the Donetsk Coal Basin.

7. Ukraine is an industrial _______.

 

5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1. coal a) обладнання

2. ore b) сталь

3. equipment c) руда

4. goods d) земля

5. soil e) залізо

6. iron f) вугілля

7. steel g) промислові товари

 

6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:

1. important a) light

2. prominent b) poor

3. large c) artificial

4. natural d) small

5. heavy e) unknown

6. high f) unimportant

7. rich g) low

 

7. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:

1. Cattle and pigs / throughout Ukraine / geese and turkey / and egg production / are raised / while chicken / are kept for meat /.

2. Ukraine has a / in the world / developed ferrous-metals industry / major steel producers / and it is one of /.

3. Ukraine's most important / sugar beet / in the forest-steppe zone / industrial crop / is concentrated /.

4. Besides wheat / such grains as / animal feed / Ukraine produces / barley mostly for / buckwheat and rice /.

5. Ukraine has / mineral resources / and close / extremely rich / in high concentrations / to each other /.

6. One of the / in the world / near Nikopol / richest areas of / is located / manganese-bearing ores /.

7. The Donetsk Coal Basin / densely populated / region of the country / is the most / and highly industrialized /.

 

8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:

^1

^2

^3

^4

^5

^6

^7

^8

^9

^10

^11

 

Across:   The practice of farming, esp. of growing crops.   A country that imports something.   A factory or other place where the industrial process is carried out.   Any of the possessions of a country.   A black mineral which is dug from the earth.   A country that produces goods, foods, or materials.   The production of goods for sale, especially in factories or of materials that can be used in the production of goods.   The system by which a country’s wealth is produced and used.

Down:   An organization, especially a business firm.   A building where goods are made in great quantities by machines.   A deep hole under the ground from which coal or other mineral substances are dug.

 

LISTENING

Pre-listening: match the English words / combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. liquefied natural gas	a) покупці
2. delivered	b) витрати
3. customers	c) відкладення
4. pipeline	d) прибуток
5. costs	e) трубопровід
6. reserves	f) доставляти
7. profit	g) скраплений газ

 

Listen to a business news report about the gas industry. While listening complete these sentences with the words from the frame.

a) 50	b) Russia	c) financial	d) gas
e) capital	f) natural gas	g) liquid

1. There is now a process which makes it easier to transport _____ over longer distances.

2. It’s called liquefied _____.

3. Put simply, gas can now be frozen into _____ form and transported to distant countries in refrigerated tankers.

4. There are _____ and political risks associated with the development of LNG.

5. Despite high _____ costs, energy firms are investing heavily in LNG projects.

6. _____ could soon have a high level of control over the LNG market.

7. Experts say that gas could be the dominant fuel for the next _____ years.

SPEAKING

Work in pairs. You are a reporter interviewing someone who has his / her own business. Find out how he / she started it. Was it easy or difficult? Is his / her company profitable? (Student A – a reporter, student B – a businessman / a businesswoman).

12. You are a participant of the annual scientific conference and your task is to make a report entitled "Economy and Industry of Ukraine in the 21st century – our achievements".

WRITING

13. Imagine that you work as an analyst for a multinational company. You are looking for a new overseas market to manufacture and sell your products. Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) about advantages and disadvantages of the economy and industry of our country. The following words and word combinations may help you:

- manufacturing system - customer - modern equipment

- management system - seller - new technologies

- make/get a profit - employer - industrial robots

- recover losses - worker - numerical control

- means of production - wages/salary - economic growth

- productivity of labour - tax - recyclable materials

 

GRAMMAR IN USE

These tasks can help you to practise The Present Continuous Tense (See Appendix 1 p. 214 - 221) and do the following exercises.