Упражнение 5. Классифицируйте следующие сложные слова согласно существующим классификациям.

Lily-of-the-valley, nightclub, green-and-white, a kitchen-bathroom, a brainwave, townspeople, music-room, waste-basket, bitter-sweet, happy-sad, four-door, free-spending, bad-tempered, hand-operated, strange-sounding.

Упражнение 6. В следующих примерах одно из выделенных слов было образовано по конверсии, определите направление производности и тип семантических отношений в данных конверсионных парах.

1. a) An aggressive man battled his way to Stout’s side.

b) He was killed in battle.

2. a) He is a tidy person.

b) What are you doing here? – I’m tidying your room.

3. a) Ten minutes later I was speeding along in the direction of Cape Town. b) The train pulled out of the station and began to pick up speed.

4. a) It’s very dry. We must water the garden.

b) The prisoner was given only bread and water.

5. a) Lizzie is a good cook.

6. b) She cooks meals for the family.

7. a) You’ve got a funny nose.

b) He began to nose about. He pulled out drawer after drawer, pottering round like an old bloodhound.

8. a) The desk clerk handed me the key.

b) He took my hand.

9. Use small nails and nail the picture on the wall.

10. a) The man has a dog.

b) ‘I have begun to feel absolutely haunted. This woman dogs me.’

11. a) The next night I took him along to supper with me.

b) I was present at a rather cheery little supper.

12. a) A small hairy object sprang from a basket and stood yapping in the middle of the room.

b) There are advantages about rooming with Julia.

13. a) Mr Biffen rang up on the telephone while you were in your bath.

b) Corky is out telephoning.

14. a) The wolf was suspicious and afraid.

b) He wolfed his meal down.

15. a) The baby is sleeping.

b) Don’t baby him.

Упражнение 7. Определите способ образования следующих сокращений, приведите полное слово или словосочетание.

Hon, caddy, van, usu, Brum, e-mail, beaut, VIP, OPEC, HQ, GP, BST, RAF, TLC, veggie, Laser, A. OK, brill, fave, glam, MEP, posh, lb, st, in, ft, yd, Con., Lab., Lib. Dem., MA, IQ, st, rd, Ave, aka.

Упражнение 8. Прокомментируйте образование следующих телескопных слов.

Vegeburger, fantabulous, camcorder, shopaholic, ginormous, guesstimate, Amex, Eurovision, fanzine, ecotastrophe, scific.

Упражнение 9. Определите способ словообразования.

To jingle, to vacuum-clean, to clap, to low, to whine, to whinny, to quack, to house-keep, to record – record, to sing-song, to progress – progress, to permit – permit, to suspect – suspect, culture-vulture, higgledy-piggledy, pell-mell, roly-poly, silly-billy, mumbo-jumbo, willy-nilly, super-dooper (job), a boo-boo.

Раздел III. Семасиология

Упражнение 1. Проанализируйте структуру лексического значения следующих слов, определите денотативный и коннотативный компонент значения.

Polite – civil, to shake – to tremble, to choose – to select, money – cash, to conceal – to disguise, photograph – picture, odd – queer, to draw – to paint, skilled – proficient.

Упражнение 2. Определите тип мотивированности слова, укажите случаи немотивированных единиц.

To grumble,to sizzle,to sprinkle, a brute, absent-mindedness, speechless, open-mouthed, ruler-owner, knee-deep, small (not large → insignificant, unimportant), mind-blowing (amazing), cool (fashionable), virus, item, mouse.

Упражнение 3. Определите тип семантического переноса и объясните его.

Watt, volt, guillotine, bedlam, suede, muslin, tweed, a teddy bear, to talk froggy, colour-blind, jersey, derrick, ohm, bookworm, green years, wandering thought, mouth of a cave, a sour smile, china, raglan, jeans, ampere, the tongue of a bell, the eye of a needle, the mouth of a box, the head of the line.

Упражнение 4. Установите, каким образом шло развитие и изменение значения следующих слов.

Nice, room,pipe, heaven, lady, fowl, meat, marshal, glad, queen, teach, fellow, husband, knave, barn, bribery, boor, chap, churl, angel, knight, thing.

Упражнение 5. Приведите эвфемизмы для следующих слов. Скажите, с какой целью употребляются эвфемизмы.

To die, drunk, prison, mad, liar, devil, lavatory, god, eat, pregnant, stupid.