Write sentences using promised.

1. I wonder why she's late. She promised she wouldn't be late.

2. I wonder why Tom hasn't written to me. He promised ---

3. I'm surprised they didn't wait for us. They ---

4. Why did you tell Jill what I said? You ---

 

3 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with I wish... would...

1. It's raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain.

You say: I wish it would stop raining.

2. You're waiting for John. He's late and you're getting impatient.

You say (to yourself): I wish ---

3. You can hear a baby crying and you're trying to study.

You say: ---

4. You're looking for a job - so far without success. Nobody will give you a job.

You say: I wish somebody ---

5. Brian has been wearing the same clothes for years. You think he needs some new clothes.

You say (to Brian): ---

For the following situations, write sentences with I wish... wouldn't....

6. Your friend drives very fast. You don't like this.

You say (to your friend): I wish you ---

7. Jack always leaves the door open. This annoys you.

You say (to Jack): ---

8. A lot of people drop litter in the street. You don't like this.

You say: I wish people ---

Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.

1. I wish Sarah would be here now.

2. I wish you would listen to me.

3. I wish I would have more money.

4. I wish it wouldn't be so cold today.

5. I wish the weather would change.

6. I wish you wouldn't complain all the time.

7. I wish everything wouldn't be so expensive.

 

These sentences are about things that often happened in the past. Complete the sentences using

would + one of these verbs: forget shake share walk

1. Whenever Arthur was angry, he would walk out of the room.

2. I used to live next to a railway line. Whenever a train went past, the house ---

3. You could never rely on George. It didn't matter how many times you reminded him to do something, he --- always ---

4. Brenda was always very generous. She didn't have much but she --- what she had with everyone else.

 

Практикалық сабақ 24

Сабақтың тақырыбы: The Editor and Publishing House

Сабақтың мазмұны:

1. Job Description: Publishing Editor

2. If I do... and If I did...

Job Description: Publishing Editor

A publishing editor's main responsibility is for the style and content of the publication. This means that the role is mostly managerial, especially in newspapers and magazines, where they are responsible for the entire content of a publication.

Job Description, salaries and benefits

Publishing editors work in a number of publishing areas. These include newspaper and magazine publishing, book publishing and online publishing. A publishing editor's main responsibility is for the style and content of the publication.

In newspapers and magazines, the role of an editor is likely to be managerial, with responsibility for the entire content. Junior editors on the same title might be in charge of sections, such as sport, fashion or news. Editors are also responsible for:

making sure that the production process runs smoothly

making sure that publications are printed on time

recruiting staff

liaising with the advertising and production departments.

Editors are likely to work normal office hours, but meeting deadlines may involve working additional hours, especially on large circulation newspapers. Most of the time is spent working in an office using a computer and holding regular meetings with other key members of staff.

A local newspaper editor may earn around £16,000 to £25,000 a year. Experienced editors and commissioning editors can earn up to £40,000. Editors working on national titles may earn over £100,000 a year.

Publishing editors should have:

excellent grammar and spelling skills

an eye for detail and be very accurate in their work

imagination and good visual sense

good IT skills, including knowledge of word processing and design programs

leadership skills and the ability to be diplomatic and fair.

Employers include book publishers, magazines, newspapers, online publications and trade publications. Most opportunities are in the south of England, particularly in and around London, although some opportunities exist in Edinburgh. Most editors start in junior roles and work their way up. Competition for editing jobs is fierce.

While there are no standard entry requirements, most publishing editors have a degree and often have a background in journalism or editing. Qualifications in a specialist area may also be asked for by some publications.

Training is usually on the job, though employees may have the opportunity to do professionally related short courses.

With experience a local newspaper editor may move on to a regional publication, and then on to a national paper. Successful editors may also progress to become editors-in-chief of a group of newspapers, or of a magazine publisher, although these positions are extremely rare.

What is the work like?

A publishing editor oversees junior or section editors who are in charge of one section, such as the political editor, sports editor or fashion editor. Sub-editors also work within these teams to check written work for accuracy, spelling and consistency of style.

As well as overseeing the content and look of the publication, editors are also responsible for:

making sure that the production process runs smoothly, and that publications are printed on time

recruiting staff

commissioning work from freelance writers and photographers

liaising with the advertising and production departments.

On smaller publications, editors may also help to write articles and sub-edit them. They may write headlines and captions for pictures, and lay out page designs. Some may have their own column to express their personal views.

Starting salaries for local newspaper editors and book editors may be between £16,000 and £25,000 a year.

Hours and environment

Publishing editors mostly work normal office hours, Monday to Friday. At busy times and towards a deadline, they may need to work long and irregular hours, including evenings and weekends. When working on newspapers, they may work shifts.

Editors are office based and work at a desk with a computer. Some offices are modern and well equipped, while others may be small and cramped.

Editors may be expected to travel around the UK, especially in book publishing when they may go to meet new writers and agents. They may also occasionally travel abroad to attend book fairs.

Salary and other benefits

These figures are only a guide, as actual rates of pay may vary, depending on the employer and where people live.

Local newspaper editors and book editors may start on between £16,000 and £25,000 a year.

Section editors on a magazine or newspaper may earn up to £40,000.

Salaries are more varied in book publishing, depending on seniority and the size of the company, but may typically be between £20,000 and £35,000.

Experienced editors on national newspapers/magazines may earn over £100,000 a year.

Skills and personal qualities

Publishing editors should:

have excellent grammar and spelling skills

have an eye for detail and be very accurate in their work

have imagination and good visual sense

have good IT skills, including knowledge of word processing and design programs

have leadership skills and the ability to be diplomatic and fair

be able to give clear, accurate instructions

understand their target audience

have good organisational skills

be able to make decisions

be able to work under pressure and meet deadlines

be prepared to work long hours if required.

Interests

Publishing editors need to be:

interested in words and the mechanics of written language

committed to producing entertaining and informative publications

knowledgeable in the subject area if working on a specialist publication.

Getting in

Employers include book publishers, magazines, newspapers, online publications and trade publications. Most opportunities are found in the south of England, particularly in and around London. There are also opportunities in Edinburgh.

Competition for editing jobs is fierce. Most editors have worked their way up from junior roles, often in the journalistic field. Work experience is vital to finding the first job in the industry as it proves commitment and appropriate skills to an employer.

The magazine sector and online publications are the main growth areas. Employment in other areas is fairly stable, although there is a slight decline in national newspapers. More than 200,000 books are published in the UK every year and the market is still growing.

Many vacancies are not advertised, so it is important to build a network of contacts who can advise on opportunities that may arise. Some vacancies may be advertised in national newspapers, trade publications like The Bookseller and on specialist websites, such as www.bookcareers.com. Publishing organisations like the Society of Young Publishers also maintain vacancy databases that are open to members.

Entry for young people

While there are no standard entry requirements, most publishing editors have a degree and often have a background in journalism or editing. Qualifications in a specialist area may also be asked for by some publications.

Courses covering various aspects of publishing are available throughout the UK.

For degree courses in publishing, and multidisciplinary degrees with publishing options, applicants usually need a minimum of two A levels/three H grades, and five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3), or the equivalent.

For postgraduate courses, applicants usually need a good first degree, 2.1 or higher.

For BTEC/SQA higher national qualifications in media or journalism, applicants usually need one or two A levels/two H grades and four or five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3), or the equivalent.

Courses in journalism are available at many universities and colleges throughout the UK. Many are pre-entry courses. For some of these courses, applicants need a degree; for others they need two A levels/three H grades and five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3), including English, or equivalent qualifications.

Some journalists are recruited direct from school or college and do two years' training, during which they take day-release or distance-learning courses leading to the qualifications of the National Council for the Training of Journalists (NCTJ). However, these direct-entry jobs are increasingly filled by graduates.

Entry for adults

Due to the need for a high level of experience, adult entry to editor positions is the norm. Editors usually have considerable previous experience as journalists or in the specialist fields covered by a publication.

Institutions offering training courses often welcome mature entrants and accept older applicants without qualifications if they have relevant experience or specialist knowledge.

Training

Most training is carried out on the job, but usually only after some form of academic study. Some large publishing houses and newspapers run graduate training schemes. In addition, various colleges and organisations offer short courses and distance-learning courses. The NCTJ oversees most of the training courses for journalists. The Publishing Training Centre offers a variety of courses that would be useful for potential and newly-promoted editors. The Society for Editors and Proofreaders, The Society of Young Publishers, The London School of Publishing and the Oxford International Centre for Publishing Studies all offer a range of relevant training opportunities.

Getting on

With appropriate experience it is possible to move on to a variety of positions. A local newspaper editor may move on to a regional publication, and then on to a national paper. Successful editors may also progress to become editors-in-chief of a group of newspapers, or of a magazine publisher, although these positions are extremely rare.

Experienced editors could also consider overseas employment. There is a growth in the publishing industry in the Far East and Middle East particularly, offering opportunities for experienced editors.

 

If I do... and If I did...

A. Compare these examples:

(1) Sue has lost her watch. She thinks it may be at Ann's house.

SUE: I think I left my watch at your house. Have you seen it?

ANN: No, but I'll have a took when I get home. If I find it, I'll tell you.

In this example, Ann feels there is a real possibility that she will find the watch. So she says:

If I find..., I'll....

(2) Ann says: If I found a wallet in the street, I'd take it to the police.

This is a different type of situation. Here, Ann is not thinking about a real possibility; she is imagining the situation and doesn't expect to find a wallet in the street. So she says:

If I found..., I'd (= I would)... (not If I find...,I'll)

When you imagine something like this, you use if + past (if I found/if you were/if we didn't etc.). But the meaning is not past:

* What would you do if you won a million pounds? (we don't really expect this to happen)

* I don't really want to go to their party, but I probably will go. They'd be offended if I didn't go.

* Sarah has decided not to apply for the job. She isn't really qualified for it, so she probably wouldn't get it if she applied.

B. We do not normally use would in the if-part of the sentence:

* I'd be very frightened if somebody pointed a gun at me. (not 'if somebody would point')

* If I didn't go to their party, they'd be offended. (not 'If I wouldn't go')

But it is possible to say 'if... would' when you ask somebody to do something:

* (from a formal letter) I would be grateful if you would send me your brochure as soon as possible.

* 'Shall I close the door?' 'Yes, please, if you would.'

C. In the other part of the sentence (not the if-part) we use would ('d)/wouldn't:

* If you took more exercise, you'd (= you would) probably feet healthier,

* Would you mind if I used your phone?

* I'm not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn't steep (if I went to bed now).

Could and might are also possible:

* If you took more exercise, you might feet healthier. (= it is possible that you would feel healthier)

* If it stopped raining, we could go out. (= we would be able to go out)

D. Do not use when in sentences like those on this page:

* They would be offended if we didn't accept their invitation. (not 'when we didn't')

* What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? (not 'when you were bitten')

For if and when see also Unit 25C.

 

EXERCISES