Later that day you tell another friend what Charlie said. Use reported speech.

1. _Charlie said that he was living in London now._

2. He said that ---

3. He ---

4. ---

5. ---

6. ---

7. ---

8. ---

9. ---

10. ---

11. ---

12. –

3. Somebody says something to you which is the opposite of what they said before. Write a suitable answer beginning I thought you said....

1. A: That restaurant is expensive.

B: is It? _I thought you said it was cheap._

2. A: Ann is coming to the party tonight.

B: Is she? I thought you said she ---

3. A: Ann likes Paul.

B: Does she? I thought ---

4. A: I know lots of people.

B: Do you? I thought you said you ---

5. A: I'll be here next week.

B: Will you? ---

6. A: I'm going out this evening.

B: Are you? ---

7. A: I can speak a little French.

B: Can you? ---

8. A: I haven't been to the cinema for ages.

B: Haven't you? ---

 

 

Практикалық сабақ 26

Сабақтың тақырыбы: Phrasal Verbs

Сабақтың мазмұны:

1. Differentiation of Phraseological Units Based on the Kazakh and English Languages

2. Reported Speech (2)

 

Differentiation of Phraseological Units Based on the Kazakh and English Languages

Language is the most important means of human being. The comparison of phraseological units of the English and Kazakh languages is very actual. Proverbs were not only the person’s point of view but also general people’s outlook is expressed. Proverbs play important role in language. They give emotionally, expressiveness to the speech. Proverbs are brief statements showing uncondensed form of the accumulated life experience of the community and serving as conventional practical symbols for abstract ideas. They are usually didactic and image bearing.

Establishment of phraseology shows the peculiarities of the national language and qualities of the national culture. Comparing phraseology of genetically distant and different languages as Kazakh and English allows us to find national – cultural peculiarities, their similarities and differences.

Most of the Kazakh idioms are created on the following topics: Motherland, people, person, heroism, determination, friendship, relationships, unity, industry laziness, skill, greed-generosity, wealth-poverty, knowledge, life-death, health-disease, God, religion, upbringing, time, power, happiness-misfortune, kindness-trick, marriage – husband and wife, family, dream-aim, parents-children, loneliness, wisdom, truth, word-speech, youth-old age, guest-hospitality, conscience-honor, appearance, beauty, fate, food, fear, haste. Most of the English idioms are created on the following topics: health, money, wealth, work, achievements, beliefs, life, love, mind, opportunities, religion, intelligence, knowledge, memory, family, youth, truth, honesty, wisdom, success, friendship, beauty, ability, actions, art, death, democracy, education, industry-laziness, experience, food, greed, fortune, freedom, hope, honor, kindness, power, time, war, sports, poetry, philosophy, marriage, fear, dreams, wishes. According to these fact, it is necessary to mention the similar and different topics of proverbs of both languages:

 

Kazakh	Similar topics of both languages	English
Heroism, generosity, God, husband and wife, parents-children, word-speech, guest-hospitality, conscience, unity	Motherland, friendship, relationships, knowledge, life-death, health-disease, marriage, dream, wisdom, truth, youth, honor, food, fear, appearance, religion, time, power, family, industry-laziness, happiness, kindness	Opportunities, memory, experience, freedom, democracy, war, sports, poetry, philosophy

 

Therefore, the Kazakh and English proverbs have equivalents such as:

Kazakh	English
Ел-елдің бәрі жақсы, өз елің бәрінен де жақсы.	East or West, home is best.
Өз үйім – өлең төсегім.	An Englishman’s house like his castle.
Туған жердей жер болмас, Туған елдей ел болмас.	There is no place like home.
Қимас досың сұраса, Қимасыңды бересің.	A friend in need s a friend indeed.
Екі жақсы қосылса, өлгеніңше дос болады.	A hedge one sees who his friend is
Күш – білімде, білім – кітапта.	Knowledge is power

 

Inconsequence of the fact that there are proverbs with similar meaning in two non-related languages, meanwhile there are also many differences between the Kazakh and English proverbs.

The data that mentioned above means that proverbs are used as the way of expressing people’s wisdom and nation’s spirit. The proverbs of two non-related languages have difference in themes and it depends on the national values. Proverbs are generalizations of human experience. Above all, they are the fruit of observation and inductive reason of each nation. They were created according to peculiarities and distinctions of the definite nation and were passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.

 

GRAMMAR

Reported speech (2)

A. It is not always necessary to change the verb when you use reported speech. If you report. something and it is still true, you do not need to change the verb:

* direct: Tom said 'New York is more lively than London.'

reported: Tom said that New York is more lively than London.

(New York is still more lively. The situation hasn't changed.)

* direct: Ann said 'I want to go to New York next year.'

reported: Ann said that she wants to go to New York next year.

(Ann still wants to go to New York next year.)

Note that it is also correct to change the verb into the past:

* Tom said that New York was more lively than London.

* Ann said that she wanted to go to New York next year.

But you must use a past form when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. Study this example situation:

You met Sonia a few days ago.

She said: 'Jim is ill.' (direct speech)

Later that day you see Jim. He is looking well and carrying a tennis racket.

You say: 'I didn't expect to see you, Jim. Sonia said you were ill.

(not 'Sonia said you are ill', because clearly he is not ill.)

B. Say and tell

If you say who you are talking to, use tell:

* Sonia told me that you were ill. (not 'Sonia said me')

* What did you tell the police? (not 'say the police')

Otherwise use say:

* Sonia said that you were ill. (not 'Sonia told that...')

* What did you say?

But you can say something to somebody':

* Ann said goodbye to me and left. (not 'Ann said me goodbye')

* What did you say to the police?

C. Tell/ask somebody to do something

We also use the infinitive (to do/to stay etc.) in reported speech, especially with tell and ask (for orders and requests):

* direct: 'Stay in bed for a few days,' the doctor said to me.

reported: The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.

* direct: 'Don't shout,' I said to Jim.

reported: I told Jim not to shout.

* direct: 'Please don't tell anybody what happened,' Ann said to me.

reported: Ann asked me not to tell anybody what (had) happened.

'... said to do something' is also possible:

* The doctor said to stay in bed for a few days. (but not 'The doctor said me...')

 

EXERCISES

1. Here are some things that Ann said to you:

I've never been to the United States.

I don't have any brothers or sisters.

Dave is lazy.

I don't like fish.

I can't drive.

Jane is a friend of mine

I'm working tomorrow evening.

Jane has a very well-paid job.

But later Ann says something different to you. What do you say?

1. Dave works very hard.

_But you said he was lazy._

2. Let's have fish for dinner.

3. I'm going to buy a car.

4. Jane is always short of money.

5. My sister lives in London.

6. I think New York is a fantastic place.

7. Let's go out tomorrow evening.

8. I've never spoken to Jane.

2. Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.

1. Ann said goodbye to me and left.

2. --- us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?

3. Don't just stand there! --- something!

4. I wonder where Sue is. She --- she would be here at 8 o'clock.

5. Jack --- me that he was fed up with his job.

6. The doctor --- that I should rest for at least a week.

7. Don't --- anybody what I --- It's a secret just between us.

8. 'Did she --- you what happened?' 'No, she didn't --- anything to me.'

9. George couldn't help me. He --- me to ask Kate.

10. George couldn't help me. He --- to ask Kate.

3. (Section C) The following sentences are direct speech:

Don't wait for me if I'm late.

Will you marry me?

Hurry up!

Can you open your bag, please?

Mind your own business

Please slow down!

Could you repeat what you said,.please?

Don't worry, sue.

Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?

Now choose one of these to complete each sentence below. Use reported speech.

1. Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I _told him to hurry up._

2. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked ---

3. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I told ---

4. I couldn't move the piano alone, so I ---

5. The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and ---

6. I had difficulty understanding him, so I ---

7. I didn't want to delay Ann, so I ---

8. John was very much in love with Mary, so he ---

9. He started asking me personal questions, so ---

 

Практикалық сабақ 27

Сабақтың тақырыбы: Linguistics (A short Introduction)

Сабақтың мазмұны: