Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.

1. It's a big factory. Five hundred people _are employed_ (employ) there.

2. Water --- (cover) most of the Earth's surface.

3. Most of the Earth's surface --- (cover) by water.

4. The park gates --- (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

5. The letter --- (post) a week ago and it --- (arrive) yesterday.

6. The boat --- (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody --- (rescue).

7. Ron's parents --- (die) when he was very young. He and his sister --- (bring) up by their grandparents.

8. I was born in London but I --- (grow) up in the north of England.

9. While I was on holiday, my camera --- (steal) from my hotel room.

10. While I was on holiday, my camera --- (disappear) from my hotel room.

11. Why --- (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it?

12. Why --- (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

13. The company is not independent. It --- (own) by a much larger company.

14. I saw an accident last night. Somebody --- (call) an ambulance but nobody --- (injure) so the ambulance --- (not/need).

15. Where --- (these photographs/take)? In London? --- (you/take) them?

4. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. write a passive sentence.

1. Somebody cleans the room every day. _The room is cleaned every day._

2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All ---

3. People don't use this road very often. ---

4. Somebody accused me of stealing money. I ---

5. How do people learn languages? How ---

6. People advised us not to go out alone. ---

 

Практикалық сабақ 28

Сабақтың тақырыбы: Linguistics (A short Introduction)

Сабақтың мазмұны:

1. Linguistics (A short Introduction)

2.Passive Voice (2)

The main purpose of the study of Linguistics in an academic environment is the advancement of knowledge. However, because of the centrality of language in human interaction and behavior, the knowledge gained through the study of linguistics has many practical consequences and uses. Graduates of undergraduate and graduate programs in Linguistics apply their training in many diverse areas, including language pedagogy, speech pathology, speech synthesis, natural language interfaces, search engines, machine translation, forensics, naming, and of course all forms of writing, editing, and publishing. Perhaps the most widely appreciated application was contributed by UCSC Linguistics alumnus Marc Okrand, who invented the Klingon language for Star Trek.

Linguistics jobscovers many others sub fields like sociology, anthropology, urology, forensic psychology, and internal and external communication. As a result it is true that studyinglinguisticscan provide you wide range of jobs and careers. As a student of linguistics you can make your bright future and profitable career. Major areas:

• The computer industry.
• Education
• Teaching in higher education
• Interpretation and translation:
• Teaching foreign languages:
• English as second language:
• Work in the field of advertising and PR

The computer industry: Degree of linguistics can give you strong chance to work in the field of information technology. This list has been created for linguists who want to enjoy work on computer.

• Speech recognition and synthesis,
• Artificial intelligence, natural language processing,
• Computer technologies in teaching foreign languages.
• Corpus linguistics research and development.
• Technical writing
• Technical computer support.
• Working in journalism:
• Participation in projects testing
• Create vocabularies (lexicography):
• Working language consultant in law and medicine
• Job actor and training of actors
• Specialty Translation

Education:

Education is one of the most important careers in the field of linguistics. Linguist can offer educational programs for different segments of the population.

• Training for teachers.
• Development of effective methods of determining the level of knowledge
• Teaching jobs of the language subjects for various social groups.
• The introduction of the language of small ethnic groups into teaching.
• Jobs of education research development and teaching
• Jobs at Solving Real life language problems.

Teaching in higher education:

A linguist can teach students in variety of areas:

• Psychology
• Communication theory.
• Future specialists on specific foreign languages.

Interpretation and translation:

Good interpreters are needed everywhere – in government, hospitals, judicial institutions, commercial organizations, and so on. This work requires a high level of language skills, so that you may need additional training.

Document languages ​​and other field work related to the language: Some organizations conducting research, one way or another related to the language: they conduct polls, implement literacy programs, and translate culturally significant texts.

 

GRAMMAR

Passive (2) (be/been/being done) Study the following active and passive forms:

A. Infinitive

active: (to) do/clean/see etc. Somebody will clean the room later.

passive: (to) be done/cleaned/seen etc. The room will be clean later.

* The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.

* A mystery is something that can't be explained.

* The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.

* A new supermarket is going to be built next year.

* Please go away. I want to be left alone.

B. Perfect infinitive

active: have done/cleaned/seen etc. Somebody should have cleaned the room.

passive: have been done/cleaned/seen etc. The room should have been cleaned.

* I haven't received the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address.

* If you hadn't left the car unlocked, it wouldn't have been stolen.

* There were some problems at first but they seem to have been solved.

C. Present perfect

active: have/has (done) The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it.

passive: have/has been (done) The room looks nice. It has been clean.

* Have you heard the news? The President has been shot!

* Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

* 'Are you going to the party?' 'No, I haven't been invited.'

Past perfect

active: had(done) The room looked nice. Somebody had clean it.

passive: had been (done) The room looked nice. It had been clean.

* The vegetables didn't taste very good. They had been cooked for too long.

* The car was three years old but hadn't been used very much.

D. Present continuous

active: am/is/are (do)ing Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.

passive: am/is/are being (done) The room is being cleaned at the moment.

* There's somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed.

* (in a shop) 'Can I help you, madam?' 'No, thank you. I'm being served.'

Past continuous

active: was/were (do)ing Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.

passive: was/were being (done) The room was being cleaned when I arrived.

* There was somebody walking behind us. We were being followed.

EXERCISES

1. What do these words mean? Use it can... or it can't.... Use a dictionary if necessary.

If something is

1. washable, _it can be washed._

2. unbreakable, it ---

3. edible, it ---

4. unusable, ---

5. invisible, ---

6. portable, ---

2. Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):

carry cause do make repair send spend wake up

Sometimes you need have ('might have', 'could have' etc.).

1. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.

2. I haven't received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong address.

3. A decision will not --- until the next meeting.

4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to --- at 6.30 the next morning.

5. Do you think that less money should --- on armaments?

6. This road is in very bad condition. It should --- a long time ago.

7. The injured man couldn't walk and had to ---

8. It's not certain how the fire started but it might --- by an electrical fault.

3. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody' or 'they', write a passive sentence.

1. Somebody has cleaned the room. _The room has been cleaned._

2. They have postponed the concert. The ---

3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer ---

4. I didn't realise that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn't realise that ---

5. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that ---

6. They are building a new ring road round the city. ---

7. They have built a new hospital near the airport. ---