III. Write T (for True) or F (for False) to each of the statements.

1) It is obligatory to be a member of some association or club.

2) There are some organizations which can be joined only after passing through an election procedure.

3) One can easily find a club to his interests.

4) On the campus it is forbidden to walk without shirts and shoes even if you want to relax.

5) Members of the faculty cannot interfere with the work of students’ associations and clubs.

IV. Complete the following test with a/ an or the. Leave a blank if no article is required.

1) Last night, ___ man was ___ victim of ___ violent attack. ___ identity of ___ man is being kept secret.

2) Put ___ baby back to ___ bed, turn off ___ light and go to ___ sleep.

3) I think that ___ friends, ___ peace of mind and ___ good job are___ most important things in ___ life.

4) We always have ___ lamb for ___ lunch on Sundays. Would you like ___ egg on ___ toast if I get it for you?

5) When I arrived in ___ England, I bought a copy of ___Independent, ___ typical British newspaper.

6) This morning I got in ___ taxi and went to ___ National Gallery in Trafalgar Square.

7) I think ___ English are very arrogant, particularly ___ rich.

8) So you left ___ school at 16, went to ___ university two years later and got ___degree in ___ economics.

9) Where did you say ___ university was?

10) This morning she did ___ shopping, went to ___ doctor and then went to ___ work.

V. Each of the following sentences has an error. Find it.

1) He forgot his Spanish since he leftSpain.

a b c d

2) Hurry up. The train had just arrived. You maybe late.

a b c d

3) Have you ever been to St. Petersburg? – Yes, I visited it once in 1990 and

a b it made a great impression for me.

c d

4) Mary was out of breath. She hadbeenrun.

a b c d

5) When Ann will get her diploma she will have been studying at the University

a b c

for five years.

d

6) They said they will come to your place after he rangthem up.

a b c d

7) We needknowthe exact date of arrival.

a b c d

8) Asia is muchmorelargerthan Europe.

a b c d

9) My friend asked me if I gethomeall right.

a b c d

10) We speakneitherItaliannot French.

a b c d

VI. Write a letter to your American friend asking him about students’ customs and lifestyle.

UNIT 6

I. Complete the gaps in the following article with words from the box.

WELCOME TO WALES

Wales' capital, Cardiff, is probably one of Britain's best-kept secrets. In the heart of the city stands the 1,900 year-old 1, sumptuously renovated in the 19th cen­tury. Here too are Victorian arcades lined with tiny shops, a lively covered market and a wealth of pubs, restaurants and the­atres, as well as the National Museum of Wales, a huge museum which covers the history of the country. To the south of the centre, the redeveloped docklands area includes attractions such as a marina and the award-winning hands-on Technique museum.

The Welsh people have a strong affinity with their land and a strong 2 in their culture, and stories of saints and wizards and fearsome dragons abound. The Welsh gift for singing in harmony is praised worldwide and male voice 3 can be found throughout the country. The best places to hear their song are at festivals of music, but you may find you can slip quietly into a choir practice. Pubs too often have impromptu sing-songs.

Outside the main towns of the south, Wales is a 4 country, sheep and dairy farming providing the main sources of income. Much of Wales' countryside is protect­ed from development in three National Parks - a hеaven for those who enjoy fresh air and open spaces. In the north is the Snowdonia National Park, scenically one of the glories of Britain with its high mountain passes, plummeting valleys and ice blue lakes carved out by the ravages of the Ice Age. This is magnificent country for walking and 5, and mountain villages such as Beddgelert or Bews-y-Coed make ideal bases. Further south are windswept crests of the Brecon Beacons National Park, with its waterfalls, caves and forests whilst of Wales' south west tip is the Pembrokeshire National Park - a coastline of breezy headlands, sandy bays and flower-carpeted cliffs. Old-world fishing towns like Tenby and Saundersfoot are ideal bases from which to walk the coastal footpaths or take a boat to the offshore islands - breeding grounds for seabirds and grey seals.

A good way to see the 6 is to take a trip on one of the nostalgic narrow-gauge steam railways which criss-cross the countryside. Many of these “Great Little Trains” were originally used to transport minerals and a number of disused mines have now been made into tourist attractions providing a fascinating insight into life underground. Also worth a visit is the Centre for Alternative Technology at Pantperthog near Machynlleth which demonstrates ways in which man can live in 7 with the environment.

Many farmhouses offer bed and breakfast 8 where you can be assured of good country cooking and a warm welcome. Many offer the chance to get involved in farm activities like milking the cows, cheesemaking or horseriding, great if you're traveling with children. If you prefer to be independent, some farms have converted their outbuildings into 9 properties, many quite luxurious, an ideal solution if you are traveling as a large group. Wales also boasts some wonderfully-secluded country house hotels, snuggled in valleys or overlooking the beautiful coastline.

a) choirs d) scenery g) accommodation b) climbing e) self-catering h) sparsely-populated c) harmony f) castle i) pride

II. Pick out compounds from the article, comment on their structure and meaning.

III. Complete the sentences with suitable prepositions.

1) Have you had the results ____ your blood test yet?

2) If you’re having difficulty ____ that exercise put your hand up.

3) There’s been a dramatic rise ____ the crime rate.

4) If you have any have any problems ____ the car, phone me.

5) I’d appreciate your comments ____ my work.

6) I still can’t see the advantage ____ going by car.

7) They’ve had lots of experience _____ that field.

8) There isn’t a lot of difference ____ those two cheeses.

9) There’s no hope _____ the country if it continues like this.

10) She is a constant surprise _____ me!

IV. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in brackets in the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect.

1) They say interest rates (already rise) to 10% by the end of July.

2) Give her a ring. She (get) back home by now.

3) Someone (wait) for you there when you arrive.

4) Bye. We (think) of you!

5) I (leave) at 7.00 exactly, so get in touch before then.

6) If we don’t hurry, the film (finish) before we get there!

V. Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice.

1) I prepare dinner.

2) She brought me these textbooks.

3) People will remember this event.

4) The doctor is examining the patient.

5) Somebody has cleaned the flat.

6) Sam will have written the essay by 10.

7) When did they found the university?

8) Children enjoy such games.

9) They were building a bridge when I came up to them.

10) He can easily solve the problem.

VI. Write a story about your town/ city, using the adjectives from the box.

picturesque historic elegant crowded quaint lively magnificent shabby packed spacious bustling deserted (at night)

UNIT 7

I. Read the article and answer the questions.

SCOTLAND: THE VIEW TODAY

Scotland, one of the four nations of the United Kingdom, is renowned for its his­tory of human achievement and its majestic scenery. Modern Scotland is a diverse and stimulating society with a Parliament reflect­ing a mature and stable democracy. It has a successful economy based on worldwide trade. Education is one of Scotland's great­est talents and the arts are flourishing. Scots have been prominent in almost every field of activity, from philosophy and literature to engineering and medicine, and many other countries have benefited from Scottish expertise.

To many people around the world, Scotland is known for its clans, kilts, castles and the poetry and songs of Robert Burns. Scots themselves are likely to define their national identity not only by reference to their traditional symbols but also in terms of the modern country in which they live and work.

Scots take pride in their country's values and quality of life as well as their thriving, progressive culture which embraces old and new: a world of cutting-edge industries; vibrant, welcoming and multicultural cities; and cosmopolitan social scene.

Scotland's industrial revolution in the eighteenth century was driven by trade. Scotland remains a trading nation, but the composition of its trade has changed significantly over the years as the heavy industries - coal, steel and shipbuilding - have been overtaken by newer industries, characterized by invention and innovation.

Scotland is now home to a thriving communications technology industry. More than 150 companies, employing more than 15,000 people, are working in virtually all aspects of this sector, and the country is home to around 200 call centers.

The electronics industry, meanwhile, has been a major player in Scotland's economy for the past 50 years. It employs more than 40,000 people directly; and roughly the same number work for suppliers to the industry.

Equally impressive in its growth rate currently standing at 30 per cent a year has been the Biotechnology industry, which employs around 25,000 people in its 400-plus organizations. It is an industry that follows in the footsteps of Scots such as Lister, Simpson and Fleming, who were responsible for breakthroughs in antiseptics, anesthetics and penicillin respectively. The world's first cloned sheep, Dolly, was the result of pioneering work into nuclear transfer at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh. This breakthrough has been successfully followed up by pig cloning using the same method and a potential development of proteins for anticancer treatment through the coning of chickens. World-leading medical research is also being carried out in such areas as the causes of Alzheimer's disease.

Scotland has a long track record in the financial industry - indeed it was a Scotsman, William Paterson, who founded the Bank of England in 1694. One of the fastest growing sectors over the past ten years, financial services are now worth more than £17 billion to Scottish economy each year. Scotland is the sixth-largest investment management centre and one of the top ten banking centers in Europe.

Scotland's environment provides the re­sources for much of the country's economic activity: tourism (which injects around £2.5 billion into the Scottish economy annually), fishing, forestry and agriculture are key industries. The food and drink industries create many well-known products such as Scotch whisky and salmon.

North Sea oil and gas continue to make a major contribution to the Scottish economy - in 2000, their total income was almost £27 billion. With four oil terminals, three gas terminals and two refineries in Scotland, the industry, which has been the source of major scientific and engineering developments as well as revenue, has established the UK as a major producer of crude oil for more than 25 years.

Times change but fundamental qualities have been sustained. Always outward-looking in its trading and business dealings, Scotland has maintained a reputation for honesty, innovation and fairness. The business world can call on a highly educated and skilled workforce to develop and deliver goods and services of a world-class quality.

1) What is Scotland known for to many people around the world?

2) What can Scots be proud of?

3) What “old” industries continue to develop in the country?

4) What “newer” industries are thriving in Scotland?

5) Why is Scotland considered to be one of the top ten banking centers in Europe?

6) What does environment provide resources for?

II. Arrange the following words into groups according to the part of speech they belong to:

Development, achievement, fundamental, well-known, highly, fairness, annually, financial, supplier, virtually, growth, traditional, investment, Scottish, player, successful, progressive.

III. Give the abbreviations used for: a) the names of the days of the week; b) the names of months; c) the names of the following countries: Canada, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, United Kingdom, United States of America.

IV. Complete the following sentences with the. Leave a blank if the article is not needed.

1) Could you turn on ___ light, please?

2) Tom is learning to play _____ piano, did you know?

3) Children go to ____ school between the ages of five and sixteen.

4) My cousin has just joined ___ Navy.

5) Fill has _____ beautiful eyes.

6) We are thinking of going on holiday either to ___ Europe or ___ Far East.

7) We are going to have _____ dinner in _____ garden.

8) Many people think ___ old people are treated very baldly in _____ Britain.

9) Tim is a strong believer in _____ love and ______ peace.

10) Is ____ National Gallery near ___ Savoy?