Organization of the US Armed Forces

General

The ultimate authority and responsibility for the national defense rests with the President of the USA, who is, under the US Constitution, Commander-in-Chief (CINC) of the Armed Forces. In general, authority and direction flow from the President as the C-in-C to the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF), the Department of Defense (DOD), three military departments, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) and Unified Combatant Commands (UCCs).

The National Command Authorities (NCA) are the Presidentand Sec­retary of Defense or their duly deputized alternates or successors. The term NCA is used to signify constitutional authority to direct the US Armed Forces in their ex­ecution of military action.

The National Security Council (NSC) was established by the National Security Act of 1947 as the principal forum to consider national security issues that require presidential decision.

The US Armed Forces consist of five armed services: the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. The armed services are further subdivided into arms/branches and services.

The four main armed services are subordinate to their military departments: the Army – to the DA, the Air Force – to the DAF, the Navy and the Marine Corps – to the DN. The fifth armed service – the US Coast Guard – reports to the Department of Transportation in peacetime and to the DN in wartime. The military departments are responsible for recruiting, training and equipping their forces.

The US Armed Forces may also be subdivided into the following defense components: the Land Forces, Maritime Forces, Aviation Forces, Mobility Forces, Special Operations Forces, Space Forces, Strategic Nuclear Forces, National Guard and Reserves.

US Armed Services

The United States Army (USA) is the main armed service of the U.S. Armed Forces under the Department of the Army (DA). The Army is organized, trained, and equipped mainly for land combat. Other functions include civil defense, military assistance to federal, state, and local government agencies, disaster relief assistance, emergency medical air transportation etc. The Army administers the civil works of the Army Corps of Engineers. The DA consists of a Secretary of the Army (SA), who is responsible for all affairs of the department, the Under Secretary, and five Assistant Secretaries – all civilians appointed by the U.S. President. The Army staff, controlled by the Chief of Staff, United States Army (CSUSA), provides professional assistance to the SA.

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the separate military force under the Department of the Air Force (DAF). It is responsible for air warfare, air defense, and the development of military space research. The Secretary of the U.S. Air Force (SAF) is a civilian appointed by the President. He controls and directs the Air Force except for combat operations. The DAF’s staff includes Under Secretary and Assistant Secretaries of the USAF for readiness support, manpower and reserve affairs, and acquisition. The USAF staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, United States Air Force (CSUSAF), assists the SAF and is responsible for direction and control of the Air Force.

The U.S. Navy (USN) is headed by the Secretary of the Navy (SN) and operates under the SECDEF. The mission of the U.S. Navy is to protect the nation's coastline and merchant shipping, attack enemy coasts and commerce, reinforce allies, land amphibious forces on hostile shores. In addition to the SN, the administrative structure includes an Under Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The professional staff is headed by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). He is the principal naval adviser to the President and is responsible to the SN for the readiness of all naval forces.

The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the armed service of the U.S. Armed Forces within the DN under the direct control of the SECNAV. Marines are trained and equipped primarily to carry out integrated land, sea, and air operations. The Corps is headed by a Commandant, who holds the rank of General and is appointed to a 4-year term by the President with the advice of the U.S. Senate. The Commandant has coequal status with the other JCS members.

The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the fifth military service of the US Armed Forces. Its primary missions are enforcement of maritime law and the protection of life and property at sea. In time of war or national emergency by direction of the President, the USCG serves as part of the USN. The Coast Guard is headed by a Commandant (a full admiral). The USCG command structure also includes a Vice-Commandant (a vice-admiral), a Chief of Staff, and two area commanders (Atlantic and Pacific). The area commanders coordinate the activities of 12 administrative district offices in the CONUS and the Pacific, each headed by a rear admiral.

Unified Combatant Commands

The operational control of the US Armed Forces is assigned to the Unified Combatant Commands (UCCs). They are highly trained ground, air, and naval combat forces from two or more of the military departments operationally controlled by the President through the SECDEF and the JCS. The UCCs are assigned broad continuing missions that involve the security of the U.S. and its allies.

The nine UCCs are: U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) (Peterson Air Force Base, Colo.), U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM) (Honolulu, Hawaii), U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) (Miami, Fla.), U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) (MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.), U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) (Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany), U.S. Joint Forces Command (USFSCOM) (Norfolk, Va.), U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) (MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.), U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) (Scott Air Force Base, Ill.), U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) (Offutt Air Force Base, Neb.).

 

s	Answer the questions

1. Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the US Armed Forces?

2. How are the US Armed Forces organized?

3. What are the US armed services?

4. What are the three military departments in the US?

5. Who exercises the actual command in the three military departments?

6. How are the Secretaries appointed?

7. What is the mission of the USN?

8. What is the organization of the USCG?

9. What is a Unified Combatant Command?

10. What Unified Combatant Commands do you know?

 

>	Read, decipher and translate abbreviations

CINC; USAF; NSC; DOD; USCG; JCS; SN; CNO; USA; USMC; USSOUTHCOM; CSUSAF; SECDEF; DAF; USSOCOM; C-of-S; SA; NCA; CJCS; CSUSA; USN; UCC; USJFCOM; Neb; Ill; Fla; Va; Colo.

 

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Translate into Ukrainian

National Command Authorities; Commander-in-Chief; armed forces; Vice-President; under the US Constitution; to be appointed by the President; to advise and assist the SECDEF; Land Forces; authority and direction flow from the President to the SECDEF; Maritime Forces; recruiting and training; constitutional authority; Aviation Forces; military preparedness; Mobility Forces; Special Operations Forces; Space Forces; Commandant of the Marine Corps; Strategic Nuclear Forces; to increase the authority of commanders; unified combatant commands; with the advice and consent of the Senate; reserves; to be subdivided into arms and services; to equip the forces; to be organized, trained, and equipped for land combat; disaster relief assistance; emergency medical air transportation; to provide professional assistance (to sb); personnel; military space research; direction and control of the Air Force; to be headed by sb; at the DOD level; to be assigned to sb/sth; in times of war or national emergency; to protect the nation's coastline; Under Secretary; Assistant Secretaries; to carry out integrated land, sea, and air operations; to be appointed to a 4-year term; to have coequal status with sb; JCS members; enforcement of maritime law; the protection of life and property at sea; by direction of the President; to serve as part of the USN; a full admiral; Vice-Commandant of the USCG; to coordinate the activities of sb; a vice-admiral; a rear admiral; operational control of the US Armed Forces; to be assigned broad continuing missions; to involve the security of the U.S. and its allies.

 

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Translate into English

Під час війни або надзвичайного стану; захищати суверенітет країни; діяти під управлінням; органи вищого військового керівництва; три військових міністерства; бойова готовність; конституційні повноваження; керувати ЗС під час ведення військових дій; голова ОКНШ; радити президенту з питань внутрішньої, зовнішньої та військової політики; морські сили; повітряні сили; мобільні сили; сили спеціальних операцій; космічні сили; стратегічні ядерні сили; національна гвардія; сили резерву; організовані, підготовлені та оснащені війська; цивільна оборона; військова допомога органам федеральної, місцевої влади та влади штату; допомога у ліквідації наслідків стихійного лиха; бойові дії в повітрі; спільне планування; захищати морські кордони країни; торговельне мореплавство; завдавати удару по берегових об’єктах противника; підсилювати війська союзників; висаджувати амфібійні сили на плацдарми; забезпечення норм морського права; захист життя та власності на морі; командувач Берегової охорони США; командувач округу; управління адміністративних районів; командир адміністративного району.

ó

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Translate quickly

Транспортне командування; arm; особовий склад штабу; armed forces; начальник штабу; armed service; міністр СВ; Joint Forces Command; ОКНШ; Chairman of the JCS; структура національної безпеки; Chief of Naval Operations; Стратегічне командування; Chief of Staff; Берегова охорона США; Air Force; головнокомандувач; Commandant of the Marine Corps; органи вищого військового керівництва; Ministry of Defense; Рада національної безпеки США; CINC; міністр оборони; ЗС США; Continental United States; Командування об’єднаних сил; defense; міністерство СВ; Department of the Air Force; національна безпека і оборона; European Command; JCS; під час війни або надзвичайного стану; service; захищати суверенітет країни; National Command Authorities; оборона; National Security Council; головнокомандувач; Northern Command; члени РНБ; Secretary of the Air Force; віце-президент; Secretary of the Army; збройні сили; Secretary of the Navy; Southern Command; призначатися президентом; Strategic Command; складатися з видів ЗС; US Army; об’єднані бойові командування; US Air Force; роди військ; US Coast Guard; контр-адмірал; Chief of Naval Operations; збройні сили; Chief of Staff; сухопутні війська; Commander-in-Chief; військово-морські сили; armed service; військово-повітряні сили; Continental United States; міністерство ВМС; Central Command; міністр ВМС; Commandant of the Marine Corps; міністр ВПС; штаб; DOD.

A	Build up your vocabulary

 

authority

Влада, повноваження

constitutional authority – конституційні повноваження

 

2. керівництво; управління (процес)

Authority flows from the President to the SECDEF – Управління здійснюється від президента до міністра оборони США

 

3. pl. органи (влади)

National Command Authorities – органи вищого військового керівництва (США)

to apply to the authorities – звертатися до органів влади

 

Авторитет; вплив

to have authority – мати авторитет (вплив)

 

Інстанція

approving authority – інстанція, що дає дозвіл

command authority – командна інстанція

call-up authority – орган призову

 

N	Translate at sight

Збройні сили США складаються з Сухопутних військ (СВ), Військово-повітряних сил (ВПС), Військово-морських сил (ВМС), Корпусу морської піхоти (КМП), Берегової охорони, а також частин Національної гвардії і резерву. СВ, ВПС і ВМС є основними видами збройних сил США.

За конституцією верховним головнокомандувачем Збройних сил США є президент. Він здійснює загальне керівництво країною і збройними силами через Раду національної безпеки і Міністерство оборони.

На чолі Міністерства оборони США стоїть міністр оборони, який є цивільною особою. Три основних види збройних сил США – CB, ВМС і ВПС – очолюють відповідно міністри СВ, ВМС і ВПС. Фактичне командування видами ЗС США належить начальникам штабів, які входять до об’єднаного комітету начальників штабів (ОКНШ) – консультативного органу президента з військових питань. Роботу ОКНШ забезпечує об’єднаний штаб, що складається з 400 офіцерів, які пропорційно репрезентують три військових міністерства і Корпус морської піхоти США відповідно до загальної чисельності видів ЗС США. Командувач КМП не є постійним членом ОКНШ. Проте він є присутнім на засіданнях комітету у якості рівноправного члена, коли розглядаються питання, що торкаються КМП.

 

O	Translate by ear

The National Command Authorities[37]

The National Command Authorities (NCA), consisting of the President and the Secretary of Defense, or their authorized alternates, exercise authority over the armed forces through the combatant commanders for those forces assigned to the combatant commands and through the Secretaries of the Military Departments and the Chiefs of the Services for those forces not assigned to the combatant commands.

The ultimate authority for national defense rests with the President. The President is assisted by the National Security Council (NSC), which is the principal forum for the development of national security policy.

The Secretary of Defense is the principal adviser to the President for all matters relating to the Department of Defense and is a member of the NSC. The President and the Secretary of Defense (or their duly authorized alternates or successors) are the NCA, and they alone are vested with the lawful authority to direct the Armed Forces of the United States in the execution of military action, including the movement of forces or the initiation of operations.

In peacetime, the Secretary of Defense issues policy guidance for joint operation planning and reviews joint operation plans with the assistance of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. In crisis and war, the Secretary plays a pivotal role in crisis action planning and execution. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the principal military adviser to the NCA.

 

Translate in writing

Збройні Сили України

Захист суверенітету і територіальної цілісності України, забезпечення її економічної та інформаційної безпеки є найважливішими функціями держави, справою всього Українського народу. Оборона України, захист її суверенітету, територіальної цілісності і недоторканності покладаються на Збройні Сили України.

Захист Вітчизни, незалежності та територіальної цілісності України, шанування її державних символів є обов’язком громадян України.

До повноважень Верховної Ради України належить затвердження загальної структури, чисельності, визначення функцій Збройних Сил України, Служби безпеки України, інших утворених відповідно до законів України військових формувань, а також Міністерства внутрішніх справ України.

Президент України є Верховним Головнокомандувачем Збройних Сил України. Він призначає на посади та звільняє з посад вище командування Збройних Сил України, інших військових формувань, здійснює керівництво у сферах національної безпеки та оборони держави, очолює Раду національної безпеки і оборони України.

 

ó

®

Act as an interpreter

 

Скажіть, будь ласка, коли починається нова історія Збройних Сил України?	The new history of the Ukrainian Armed Forces began on December 6, 1991, when the Verkhovna Rada – the parliament of Ukraine – passed the Law “On the Armed Forces of Ukraine”. That act created legal basis for the organization of the armed forces of our independent state.
А чи була необхідність приймати Закон “Про Збройні Сили України”?	The adoption of the Law and, consecu­tively, a whole package of other important documents on military matters, was crucially important and timely. You know that after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and proclamation of independence in 1991, Ukraine inherited one of the largest military forces in the FSU and Europe.
Яким був склад ЗС на той час?	The military arsenal of the force consisted of 6500 tanks, over 7000 armored combat vehicles, nearly 1500 combat aircraft, more than 1600 ICBM warheads. The military personnel totaled to 780,000 men.
Яке завдання стояло перед Міністерством оборони України?	Maintenance of the mammoth military force, which was created to conduct strategic offensive operations, ran counter to the peaceful foreign policy of the young Ukrainian state. Ukraine declared non-alliance status and its military doctrine was and is purely defensive. Hence, the first urgent task of the Ukrainian MOD was to optimize the organizational structure of the armed forces and other military formations, arrange the location of units according to new realities, adopt programs for the Armed Forces development.
А що вдалося зробити на практиці?	The decision of Ukraine on non-nuclear status and unilateral neutralization of its nuclear arsenal became unprecedented. Simultaneously, the conventional weapons were reduced too. These activities were conducted openly, in accordance with international treaties and under the international verification. Thus, as far back as November 1995, Ukraine fulfilled its obligations and brought its armaments and equipment down to border limits as specified in the CFE Treaty.

Lesson 8
US DOD Organization

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Active terms and expressions

 

Deputy Secretary of Defense	перший заступник міністра оборони США (1-й ЗМО)
Under Secretary of Defense (USD)	заступник міністра оборони США (ЗМО)
Assistant Secretary of Defense (ASD); Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (ATSD)	помічник міністра оборони США (ПМО)
Deputy Under Secretary (DUSD)	помічник ЗМО (ПЗМО)
Principal Deputy Under Secretary (PDUSD)	головний помічник ЗМО (ГПЗМО)
General Counsel (GC)	генеральний юрисконсульт
Inspector General (IG)	генеральний інспектор
defense agency	управління МО США
DOD field activity	установа/служба МО США
Office of the Secretary of Defense	апарат МО США
Vice Chairman of the JCS	заступник голови ОКНШ
Joint Staff (JS)	об’єднаний штаб
Director of Joint Staff	директор об’єднаного штабу

 

defense agencies	управління MO США
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)	Управління перспективного планування науково-дослідних робіт (MO США)
Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA)	Управління торгівлі (MO США)
Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA)	Управління аудиту контрактів (MO США)
Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA)	Управління координації контрактів (MO США)
Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS)	Управління фінансово-бухгалтерської служби (MO США)
Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)	Управління інформаційних систем (MO США)
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)	Управління розвідки (MO США)
Defense Legal Services Agency (DLSA)	Управління юридичних послуг (MO США)
Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)	Управління тилу (MO США)
Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA)	Управління з питань військової допомоги (MO США)
Defense Security Service (DSS)	Управління служби безпеки (MO США)
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)	Управління з питань зменшення загрози (MO США)
Missile Defense Agency (MDA)	Управління протиракетної оборони (MO США)
National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)	Управління національної фоторозвідки та картографії (MO США)
National Security Agency (NSA)	Управління національної безпеки (MO США)

 

DOD field activities	установи та служби МО
American Forces Information Service	Служба інформації ЗС США
Defense POW/MP Office	Центр у справах військовополонених та зниклих безвісти (MO США)
DoD Education Activity	Центр освіти (MO США)
Defense Human Resources Activity	Центр людських ресурсів (MO США)
Office of Economic Adjustment	Центр економічного врегулювання (MO США)
TRICARE Management Activity	Центр координації медичних програм (MO США)
Washington Headquarters Services	штабні служби Вашингтона

*****

to direct and control the armed forces	здійснювати управління збройними силами
to maintain technological superiority for the US in the field of military hardware	підтримувати технологічну перевагу США в галузі військової техніки

 

&

Prepare translation of the main text

US DOD Organization

General

The Department of Defense (DOD) is the executive branch of the United States government created by Congress in 1949. The DOD directs and controls the armed forces and assists the President in the direction of the nation’s security.

The major subdivisions of the DOD are three military departments, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), defense agencies, and DOD field activities. The staff of the DOD is primarily civilian. It advises and assists the Secretary in top-level management. Also at this level, the military, economic, and political elements associated with military preparedness are balanced to determine size and structure of the armed forces.

The military departments are responsible for recruiting, training and equipping their forces, but operational control of those forces is assigned to one of the Unified Combatant Commands.

Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)

To assist the SECDEF in carrying out his multiple responsibilities, the Secretary has a Deputy Secretary, four Under Secretaries of Defense (USD), nine Assistant Secretaries of Defense (ASD), three Assistants to the Secretaries of Defense (ATSD), nine Deputy Under Secretaries (DUSD), three Principal Deputy Under Secretaries (PDUSD), the General Counsel (GC), the Inspector General (IG) and five Directors. Collectively, this group and their staffs are referred to as the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). OSD is comprised of about 2000 people, 1500 of whom are civilians and 500 of whom are military personnel.

The Deputy Secretary of Defense is the alter ego of the Secretary. He is responsible for coordination and supervision of the Department as directed by the Secretary. Normally the SECDEF delegates a great deal of his authority to the Deputy. The number two man can issue directives to all the subunits of governmental agencies, and to international bodies in the name of the Secretary.

JCS

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) are composed of six military officers: Chairman of the JCS (CJCS), Vice Chairman JCS, CSUSA, CSUSAF, CNO, Commandant of the USMC. The Chairman of the JCS is a member of one of the armed services but during his tenure on the JCS has no service responsibilities. All of the joint chiefs are appointed by the President subject to Senate confirmation. The service chiefs are appointed for a fixed nonrenewable term of four years. The Chairman is appointed for a two-year term, and, except in wartime, can only be reappointed once.

The JCS are assisted in the exercise of their functions by the Joint Staff (JS) and the other groups which support the JCS but are not part of the JS. The Joint Staff is headed by a Director and divided into eight departments: J-1 (Manpower & Personnel), J-2 (Intelligence), J-3 (Operations), J-4 (Logistics), J-5 (Strategic Plans and Policy), J-6 (C4), J-7 (Operational Plans & Interoperability), J-8 (Force Structure, Resources & Assessment). The Director of the Joint Staff is a three-star general or admiral appointed for a two-year term by the Chairman with the approval of the Secretary of Defense and the other members of the JCS.

 

Defense Agencies

At the present time there are 15 organizations or groups within DOD which have the status of defense agencies. These organizations perform functions which are common to or cut across departmental lines. There are no specific restrictions on the number or functions of these organizations. The SECDEF has the power to disestablish or disband such agencies.

The purpose of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is to maintain technological superiority for the US in the field of military hardware. After DARPA has explored a concept and determined it to be feasible, control of the project is turned over to the department or agency most directly concerned.

The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) manages all of the defense intelligence programs and provides intelligence support to the SECDEF and the JCS. DIA relies upon the resources of the armed services for intelligence collection and supervises the development of intelligence by the services to meet their own particular needs.

The role of the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) is to perform all the required contract auditing for the DOD and to provide accounting and financial advisory service regarding defense contracts to the DOD components which have responsibility for procurement and contract administration.

The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) was established to provide greater emphasis to the management and control of such aid programs as military assistance and foreign military sales (FMS).

The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) provides supply and service support for items common to all services; this includes procurement of materiel, operation of a wholesale distribution system, and surplus-disposal programs.

The Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) is the DOD component that works directly with defense suppliers to help ensure that DOD, Federal, and allied government supplies and services are delivered on time, at projected cost, and meet all performance requirements.

The Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) was established to provide responsive, professional finance and accounting services for the people who defend America.

The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is a combat support agency responsible for planning, developing, fielding, operating, and supporting command, control, communications, and information (C3I) systems that serve the needs of the President, Vice President, the SECDEF, the JCS, the Unified Combatant Commanders, and the other DOD Components under all conditions of peace and war.

The Defense Legal Services Agency (DLSA) is a DOD agency that provides legal advice and services for the Defense Agencies, DOD Field Activities, and other assigned organizations.

The Defense Security Service (DSS) makes its contribution to the National Security Community by conducting personnel security investigations and providing industrial security products and services, as well as offering comprehensive security education and training to DOD and other government entities.

The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) safeguards America’s interests from weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high explosives) by controlling and reducing the threat and providing quality tools and services for the warfighter.

The mission of the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) is to develop, test and prepare for deployment a missile defense system.

The National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) provides timely, relevant, and accurate geospatial intelligence in support of national security.

The National Security Agency (NSA) is the nation’s cryptologic organization. It coordinates, directs, and performs highly specialized activities to protect U.S. information systems and produce foreign intelligence information. NSA is also one of the most important centers of foreign language analysis and research within the Government.

DOD Field Activities

Currently there are seven organizations or groups within the Defense Department under the name of DOD field activities. These organizations perform functions which are common to the US Armed Forces. Heads of the field activities are subordinate to the ASD’s, DUSD and Director Administration and Management.

 

s	Answer the questions

1. Who assists the SECDEF in carrying out his responsibilities?

2. How many people is the OSD comprised of?

3. What are the duties of the JCS?

4. How many ASD’s and ATSD’s are there in the OSD?

5. What is the composition of the JCS?

6. How many organizations have the status of defense agencies?

7. What is the mission of the National Security Agency?

8. What are the missions of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency?

>	Read, decipher and translate abbreviations

SN; OSD; J1; CNO; SA; DA; J7; USAF; DOD; CSUSA; J6; SAF; SECDEF; J5; USD; ASD; NSC; J2; USPACOM; ATSD; J3; PDUSD; GC; JS; JCS; IG; C4; POW; NSA; DSCA; DCAA; DFAS; DeCA; DLSA; DARPA; DLA; DIA; DISA; C-in-C; MP.

 

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Translate into Ukrainian

The executive branch; to direct and control the armed forces; the major subdivisions of the DOD; three military departments; top-level management; military preparedness; to determine size and structure of the armed forces; the alter ego of the Secretary; to delegate authority to sb; during his tenure; logistics; to be appointed for a fixed nonrenewable term of four years; to be reappointed; to have the status of defense agencies; to perform functions; functions which are common to or cut across departmental lines; to establish sth; to disestablish or disband sth; the power to do sth; to employ sb; to maintain technological superiority for the US in the field of military hardware; to be feasible; to explore a concept; to turn it over to the department; to perform contract auditing for DOD; to provide intelligence support to the SECDEF; intelligence collection; to provide greater emphasis to sth; aid programs; military assistance; foreign military sales; procurement of materiel; wholesale distribution system; surplus-disposal programs.

 

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Translate into English

Здійснювати управління збройними силами; помічник міністра оборони; три військових міністерства; воєнна готовність; визначати розмір та структуру ЗС; генеральний юрисконсульт; управління МО США; підтримувати ВМС США в якості збалансованого та достатньо сильного виду ЗС; відстоювати національні інтереси; призначатися повторно; управління торгівлі МО США; збір розвідувальних даних; проводити бухгалтерський облік та аудит; Центр у справах військовополонених та зниклих безвісти; цивільна особа; Центр економічного врегулювання; Центр військової освіти; Управління перспективного планування НДР; Управління протиракетної оборони; Управління фінансово-бухгалтерської служби; Управління інформаційних систем МО; Управління розвідки МО; Управління тилу МО; закупівля майна і техніки; система оптової торгівлі; Управління національної безпеки.

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Translate quickly

Defense agency; апарат міністра оборони; a voting member of the JCS; закупівля бойової техніки та озброєння; major technological advances or breakthroughs; здійснювати аудит контрактної діяльності для МО; research and development programs; Центр економічного врегулювання; feasibility; у галузі військової техніки; criminal investigations; Управління перспективного планування НДР; common functions; бути економічно вигідним; budget approval; Управління протиракетної оборони; to explore a concept; затверджувати бюджет; military assistance; генеральний юрисконсульт; logistical support and maintenance.

A	Build up your vocabulary

 

direct

direct v.