Замените подчеркнутые слова и выражения словами и выражениями из текста.

1. The earth crust mainly consists of rocks.

2. Most of rocks are heterogeneous aggregates.

3. Rock occurs in irregular masses of different sizes and shapes.

4. Three main categories of rocks are recognized.

5. Any material which was formed from liquid rock is referred to as igneous rock.

 

Ex.3.

Составьте пары противоположных по смыслу слов.

a. major b. regular c. solid d. majority e. single f. coarse g. many h. heterogeneous i. to cool

1. minority 2. minor 3. fine 4. irregular 5. liquid 6. few 7. to heat 8. one 9. homogeneous

 

1 – 2 –

3 – 4 –

5 – 6 –

7 – 8 –

9 –

 

Ex.4.

Найдите и исправьте смысловые ошибки в следующем отрывке, опираясь на информацию основного текста.

1. The Earth’s crust is largely made up of rocks. Most of rocks are homogeneous but some are heterogeneous aggregates.

2. Rocks never occur in the form of layers. They normally occur in the form of irregular masses of different sizes and shapes. Three types of rocks are recognized according to their composition: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

3. It is believed that at one time the Earth was solid. Any material which was formed from solid rock is referred to as igneous rock.

4. During the long history igneous rocks were eroded. The eroded particles were set down in layers and subjected to high pressure. Thus, sedimentary rocks were formed.

5. Although sedimentary and igneous rocks were subjected to pressure and heat their original qualities never changed.

 

Ex.5.

Вставьте нужные предлоги.

1. All rocks are composed … minerals.

2. Minerals are … great interest and importance … the geologists.

3. The oceanic crust is made up … dark rocks.

4. Any material which was formed … liquid rock is called igneous rock.

5. This area is now covered … sedimentary rock.

6. … one time the Earth was liquid.

7. … time, some of these materials were subjected … heat.

8. The word “metamorphic” comes … two Greek words.

 

Ex.6.

Прочитайте текст и определите какие из приведенных ниже высказываний соответствуют его содержанию (true), а какие нет (false).

The topmost layers of the earth are called the crust. Its thickness and composition are not constant, but vary between the continental crust and the oceanic crust. The former is much thicker than the latter and consists of light rocks; the latter is made up of dark rocks.

1) The uppermost layers of the Earth are referred to as the crust. (…)

2) The composition of the crust is permanent. (…)

3) The thickness of the crust does not change. (…)

4) There are two types of the crust: oceanic and continental. (…)

5) The continental and the oceanic crust differ in colour and in thickness. (…)

6) The oceanic crust is much thicker than the continental one. (…)

7) The oceanic crust consists of dark rocks. (…)

 

Ex.7.

Сравните структуры предложений. Определите, какие из них содержат усилительную конструкцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The process of deposition produces sedimentary rocks.

2. It is known that the process of deposition produces sedimentary rocks.

3. It is the process of deposition that produces sedimentary rocks.

 

1. Sedimentary rocks are produced due to the process of deposition.

2. It is sedimentary rocks that are produced due to the process of deposition.

3. It is known that sedimentary rocks are produced by the process of deposition.

 

1. The science of geology deals with the mineral resources of the Earth.

2. It is known that the science of geology deals with the mineral resources of the earth.

3. It is known that it is the science of geology that deals with the mineral resources of the earth.

 

Ex.8.

Трансформируйте данное предложение в предложения:

a) с усилительной конструкцией «it is … that».

b) с безличной «it is believed that …»

c) с безличной и усилительной

During this era sedimentation became the leading process in the formation of geologic record.

именно на протяжении этой эры…,

именно осадконакопление…,

полагают, что на протяжении этой эры,

полагают, что осадконакопление…,

полагают, что именно на протяжении этой эры…,

полагают, что именно осадконакопление….

 

Ex.9.

Переведите на русский язык (письменно).

1. Геолог изучает породы, потому что именно в породах зарегистрированы события прошлой истории Земли.

2. Полагают, что когда-то Земля представляла собой расплавленную массу.

3. Именно из этой массы в результате ее охлаждения образовались изверженные породы.

4. Полагают, что именно эти породы подвергались процессу эрозии и в результате образовались осадочные породы.

5. Именно из этих пород – изверженных и осадочных – сформировались метаморфические породы.

6. Известно, что все три типа пород встречаются на поверхности Земли.

 

Ex.10.