Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3,4,5 и 7.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What is the most important metal?

2. What mechanical properties of metals do you know?

3. What is strength?

4. What is ductility? 5. What is malleability?

Ответы

a. The capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking. b. Iron.

c. The capacity of a metal to be deformed by compression without rupture.

d. The property of a metal to resist to external loads.

e. Hardness, ductility and malleability.

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The most important me­tal in use today is.... a) carbon;

b) iron;

c) some other metal.

2. Ductility is the capacity of a metal... a) to be permanently deformed in tension

without breaking;

3. Malleability is the capa­city of a metal… b) to be permanently deformed by

compression without rupture;

4. The strength of a metal is the property… c) to resist to external loads and stresses.

 

Вариант 2

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. ferrous rnetals a. проводимость

2. cast iron b. углеродистая сталь

3. carbon content c. износостойкость

4. alloy steel d. прочность

5. carbon steel e. обрабатываемость (на станке)

6. strength f. жесткость

7. hardness g. железо

8. ductility h. сплав

9. machinability i. черные металлы

10. resistance to wear j. чугун

11. conductivity k. содержание углерода

12. iron l. ковкость

13. silicon m. легированная сталь

14. alloy n. кремний

15. rust-resistant o.нержавиющий

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

metal, element, industry, steel, material, industrial, electronic, magnetic, type, chemical, mechanical, rocket, automobile.

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

FERROUS METALS AND STEELS

1. Ferrous metals consist of iron combined with carbon, silicon and other elements. But carbon is the most important element in ferrous alloys.

2. Ferrous metals are used in industry in two forms: steel and cast iron, which differ in the quantity of carbon content.

3. Alloys consist of a simple metal combined with some other element. Steel is a ferrous material having some carbon content. There are two kinds of steel: carbon steel and alloy steels.

4. Carbon steel should contain only iron and carbon without any other alloying element.

5. Alloy steels are those in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present. These alloying elements have an effect on the properties of steel. They increase its strength and hardness, for example, high percentage of chromium makes steel rust-resistant, and we call it "stainless steel".

6. Strength, ductility and machinability are the most important industrial and commercial properties of steel. Such properties as resistance to wear, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties are important in special uses of metals.

7. According to their chemical and mechanical properties steels may be used in different branches of industry, for example, in machinebuilding, rocket engineering, automobile industry, etc.

Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1,4,5,6.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What elements do ferrous metals consist of?

2. What is carbon steel?

3. What are alloy steels?

4. What are the most important properties of steel?

5. In what branches of industry are steels used?

Ответы

a. Steels in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present

b. In machinebuilding, automobile industry, etc.

c. Of iron combined with carbon, silicon and other elements.

d. It contains only iron and carbon.

e. Strength, ductility and machinability.

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. Alloys consist of.... a) steel and cast iron;

b) iron and stainless steel,

c) simple metal and some other element.

 

2. Carbon steel contains.... a) steel and cast iron;

b) iron, carbon, an alloying element;

3. Alloy steels include.... c) only iron and carbon

 

4. The most important properties of steel are… a) electrical conductivity, resistance to wear,

magnetic properties;

b) strength, ductility, machinability.

 

Вариант 3

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1.lustre a. окружающая среда

2. property b. защищать от

3. quantity c. подвергаться

4. conductivity d. плохой проводник

5. solid e. количество

6. brittle f. блеск

7. undergo g. сплав

8. to protect h. свойство

9. environment i. проводимость

10. alloy j. твердое состояние

11. poor conductor k. хрупкий

12. distinction l. прочность

13. strength m. жесткость

14. hardness n. различие

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

metal, metallic, electricity, electric, fact, group, rocket, element, material, corrosion, chemical, electromechanical, organic, barrier, ii

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

 

METALS AND NONMETA15

1. There are some distinctions between metals and nonmetals, are distinguished from nonmetals by their high conductivity for h electricity, by metallic lustre and by their resistance to electric Their use in industry is explained not only "By those properties the fact that their properties, such as strength and hardness, can be greatly improved by alloying them with other metals.

2. There are several important groups of metals and alloys. The common metals such as iron, copper, zinc. etc. are produced in

3. The so-called precious metals include silver, gold, platinum and palladium. The light metals are aluminium, berillium and titanium. They are important in aircraft and rocket construction.

4. Many elements are classified as semimetals (bismuth, for example) because they have much poorer conductivity than common metals.

5. Nonmetals (carbon, silicon, sulphur) in the solid state are usually brittle materials without metallic lustre and are usually poor conductors of electricity. Nonmetals show greater variety of chemical properties than common metals do.

6. Metals can undergo corrosion, changing in this case their chemical and electromechanical properties. In order to protect metals from corrosion the products made of metals and steel are coated by some films (coatings). Organic coatings protect metals and steel from corrosion by forming a corrosion-resistant barrier between metal or steel and the corrosive environment.

Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1,2 и 5.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. By what properties are metals distinguished from nonmetals?

2. What common metals are produced in great quantities?

3. What metals are called light?

4. What properties do nonmetals have?

5. What is done to protect metals from corrosion?

Ответы

a. Iron, copper and zinc.

b. They are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.

c. They are coated by some organic coatings,

d. High conductivity for heat and electricity.

e. Aluminium, berillium and titanium.

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

There are some different groups of metals, such as:

1. light metals a) iron, copper, zinc.

2. common metals: … b) silver, gold, platinum

3. precious metals:... c) aluminium, berillium, titanium.

 

4. Nonmetals are… a) carbon, silicon, sulphur

b) aluminium, berillium, titanium.

Вариант 4

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1 engine lathe a. задняя бабка

2. turning b. фартук (суппорта)

3. drilling c. каретка

4. screw cutting d. передняя бабка

5. headstock e. сверление

6. tailstock f. токарно-винторезный станок

7.saddle g. нарезание винтов

8. lever h. рычаг

9. apron i. рукоятка

10. carriage j. суппорт

11. guideways k. обточка

12. handle l. направляющие (станка)

 

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

metal, operation, principal, spindle, function, centre, control, base, special, bolt.

1. gearbox and headstock; 2. tailstock; 3. frame; 4. spindle; 5. feed gearbox;

6. electric motor; 7. control panel; 8. cross slide, 9. carriage; 10. tool block; 11. ways;

12. lead screw; 13. feed rod; 14. operating lever shaft; 15. operating and reverse handle;

16, apron; 17. hand feed wheel

3. Простите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

ENGINE LATHE

1. The engine lathe is the most commonly used machine-tool. It is used; variety of metal operations, such as turning, drilling, screwcutting and many others.

2. The principal units of the lathe are the bed, the headstock, the tailstock and the carriage with the apron

3. The bed is the base of any machine-tool and it is made of grey iron on which the saddle and the tailstock slide along special guideways. The headstock is also located and bolted on the bed.

4. The headstock contains the spindle and the speed gearbox. The spindle is the part of the machine to which power is applied to rotate the work. The changing of the spindle speed is effected by levers.

5. The tailstock consists of a casting fitted to the bed. The function of the tailstock is to support one end of the work turned between centres and to mount the tools.

6. The carriage of the lathe, which carries the tool, is made up of two principal parts: the saddle and the apron. The saddle travels along the guideways of the bed. The apron represents the front wall of the carnage. On the front of the apron are mounted the handles and levers by which the actions of the tool are controlled.