Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3 и 4.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?

2. What requirements must the automobile meet?

3. Why are cars subjected to road tests?

4. What qualities are required of the automobile?

5. Why is it important for the specialists in automobile industry to know computing methods?

Ответы

a. It must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance.

b. They should be able to develop up-to-date methods of designing cars and shorten the time between designing and manufacturing.

c. Because they must meet up-to-date requirements.

d. Designing, working out technological processes, laboratory and road tests, mass production.

e. It must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system.

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The cars are subjected to road tests in order.... a) to shorten the time between

designing and manufacturing;

b) to meet up-to-date requirements;

c) to work out new technological processes.

2. The car must have the following units.... a) high efficiency, long service life, driving

safety and pleasant appearance;

3. The car must have the following qualities.... b) smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox,

dependable brakes and steering system.

Вариант 8

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. body a. тормоза срабатывают

2. car wheels b. силовая передача

3. power train c. главная передача

4. power plant d. коленчатый вал двигателя

5. springs e. нажимать на педаль

6. steering system f. силовая установка

7. clutch g. колеса автомобиля

8. final drive h. рама с осями

9. engine crankshaft i. топливная система

10. push down the pedal j. рулевая система

11. brakes are applied k.сцепление

12. frame with axles l. вспомогательные устройства

13. fuel system m. система смазки

14. lubricating system n. кузов

15. accessories o. рессоры

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

automobile, chassis, speedometer, electric, system, cylinder, cardan, control, hydraulic, pedal, accessories, differential

3. Простите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

 

COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE

1. Basically, the automobile consists of three parts: the power plant, or the engine, the chassis and the body. To these may be added the accessories: the heater, lights, radio, speedometer and other devices.

2. The power plant, or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

3. The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system.

4. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive.

5. The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.

6. Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops.

Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1,3,5 и 6.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What are the main basic parts of the automobile?

2. What does the chassis consist of?

3. What units does the power train contain?

4. What is the function of the clutch?

5. Why are brakes needed?

Ответы

a. The clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft and the final drive.

b. Freeing the engine from the gearbox.

c. The power plant, the chassis and the body.

d. A power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs.

e. To slow or stop the car.

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The mechanism used for stopping the car is... a) clutch;

2. The mechanism used for changing the speed is.... b) gearbox;

c) brakes.

 

3. The mechanism used for connecting a) brakes;

(or disconnecting) the engine from the gearbox is.. b) clutch;

c) steering system.

 

4. The unit carrying the power from the a) power plant;

engine to the car wheels is.... b) power train;

c) chassis

 

5. The instrument meas­uring the speed of the car a) heater;

b) lights;

c) speedometer.

 

Вариант 9

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. internal combustion engine a. поршень

2. combustion chamber b. верхняя мертвая точка

3. stroke c. четырехтактный двигатель

4. piston d. коленчатый вал

5. top dead centre e. отверстие клапана

6. bottom dead centre f. двигатель внутреннего сгорания

7. four-stroke cycle engine g. нижняя мертвая точка

8. two-cycle engine h. топливная система

9. crankshaft i. такт впрыска (топлива)

10. intake stroke j. двухтактный двигатель

11. valve opening k. камера сгорания

12. fuel system l. ход, такт (поршня)

13. power stroke m. выхлоп

14. exhaust n. рабочий ход поршня

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

cylinder, automobile, limit, centre, cycle, compression, gas.

3. Простите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

THE ENGINE

1. The engine is the source of power that makes the car move. It is usually called an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

2. The operating cycle of the four-stroke engine that takes place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four strokes. The upper limit of the Piston movement is called the top dead centre. The lower limit of piston Movement is called the bottom dead centre. A stroke is the piston movement from the top dead centre to the bottom dead centre, or from the bottom dead centre to the top dead centre. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of its motion.

3, Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four stroked (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.

4 Two-cycle engines have also been made, and in such engines tin! entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes or one revolution of the crankshaft.

5. On the intake stroke the intake valve is opened. The mixture of; and vaporized gasoline is delivered into the cylinder through the inlet valve,

On the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed so that the mixture can be compressed.

On the power stroke both valves (inlet and exhaust) are closed in order to rise pressure during the mixture combustion.

On the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the residual gas.

Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 2 и 5.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What is the top dead centre?

2. What is the bottom dead centre?

3. When is the engine called a four-stroke cycle engine?

4. When is the engine called a two-cycle engine?

5. What kind of strokes can the events in the engine cylinder be divided into?

Ответы

a. When the entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes,

b. The lower limit of the piston movement,

c. The upper limit of the piston movement.

d. When the entire cycle of events in the cylinder is completed in four strokes.

e. Intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes.

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. An internal combustion engine a) inside the combustion chamber;

is called so because gasoline is burned.... b) outside the combustion chamber.

 

2. The upper limit of the pis­ton movement is called.... a) the bottom dead centre;

3. The lower limit of the pis- ton movement is called.... b)the top dead centre.

 

4. The four-cycle engine requires.... a) two strokes of piston movement

b) four strokes of piston movement.

 

5. The mixture of air and gasoline is a) on the power stroke; on the exhaust stroke;

delivered into the cylinder.... b) on the intake stroke; on the compression stroke.

 

Вариант 10

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

 

1. to deal (with) а. программное обеспечение

2. to elaborate (to work out) programs b.отвечать современным требова­ниям

3. computer-aided-design с. аппаратная часть

4. computer-aided-manufacturing d.иметь дело (с кем-л., чем-л.)

5. to meet up-to-date demands (requirements) е. автоматизированное проектиро­вание

6. software f. защищать от вирусов

7. hardware g. предлагать решения

8. to offer solutions h.разрабатывать программы

9. to solve problems i. автоматизированное производ­ство

10. to defend from viruses' j. решать проблемы

 

 

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

 

specialist, productivity, optimal, problem, logic, operation, program, virus, expert, instruction, method, computer, mathematics, designer, manager, calculator.

 

2. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

 

COMPUTER SCIENCE

1. Computer science is a part of an applied mathematics. Specialists in computer science say that this field of knowledge is very interesting because it deals with computer-aided-design (CAD) and com­puter-aided-manufacturing (CAM).

2. Computers are intended to improve the productivity of labour of scientists, designers, engineers, managers, and other specialists, because computers offer quick and optimal solutions. One of the main goals of using CAD/CAM is to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing.

3. Moreover, computers came in our life and to our houses and now we I can solve our everyday problems with their help.

4. Computers can be divided into simple and complex devices. Simple j computers such as calculators can perform addition, subtraction, \ multiplication and division. As far as complex computers are concerned they can do different logical operations and some of them even have artificial intelligence.

5. Thus in order to elaborate up-to-date and inexpensive programs as j well as to defend them from viruses, it is important to know some programming languages.

6. There are low-level programming languages such as a machine l language and an assembly language and high-level programming languages, for instance, FORTRAN, PASCAL, ADA, C, BASIC, etc. 1