Английский язык для сферы туризма

Английский язык для сферы туризма

TOURISM

Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited." (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Can you imagine what life is without travelling? Is it possible? Whatever your reason is, travelling is a part of people’s life. We all travel. Travelling is not only for rich people. Whether you are poor or in the middle class, you can travel as long as fits your budget.

 

 

UNIT 1 HISTORY OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM

PART 1 THE ANCIENT TIMES

VOCABULARY

Read and memorize the following words

travel _{n, v}

trade _{n, v}

to trace back

to hold

to attract

devout

to throng

to greet

inscrutable

site _n

healing

increase _{n, v}

increasingly

pursuit _n

sight _n

inn _n

to establish

seaport _n

guidebook _n

make one’s appearance _n

advertisement _n

piracy _n

due to

be coupled with

staging inn _n

precursor _n

to promote

itineraria _n,pl itinerarium _n,sing

to list

fashionable

resort _n

retired _n

rowdiness _n

drunkenness _n

COMMENTS

AD – Anno Domini are designations used to label years in the Julian

BC – Before Christ and Gregorian calendars.

Down market – cheap & of poor quality market

LANGUAGE FOCUS

The suffix –ness is a native English suffix which is attached to adjectives and participles. It is used to form abstract nouns. These abstract nouns express quality or state: rude – rudeness drunken – drunkenness

WORD STUDY

I. Make abstract nous with the help of suffix –ness and translate them

Good, great, kind, busy, quiet, happy, sad, hopeless, helpful, dark, bright, forgiven, forgetful, thoughtful, thoughtless, airsick, assertive, blind, cleanly, ambitious, alone, busy.

II. Make up derivatives

verb	noun	adjective
advertise
		established
–	fashion
greet
promote		–

III. Match the words with their definitions

trade n	a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service or event, or publicizing a job vacancy
guidebook n	the action of buying and selling goods and services
advertisement n	the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea
itinerary n	a place where many people go for rest, sport or another purpose
resort n	a book of information about a place, designed for the use of visitors or tourists
inn n	a planned route or journey
piracy n	a place that is a popular destination for vacations or recreation
resort n	a public lodging house serving food & drink to travellers

IV. Find the synonyms

a. throng, trade, to attract, to greet, fashionable, inn, inscrutable, due to

b. to welcome, hotel, commerce, because of, mysterious, to fascinate, crowd.

READING

TEXT 1 2000 years Before Christ, in India and Mesopotamia

Travel for trade was an important feature since the beginning of civilisation. The port at Lothal was an important centre of trade between the Indus valley civilisation and the Sumerian civilisation.

 

TEXT 2 600 BC and thereafter

The earliest form of leisure tourism can be traced as far back as the Babylonian and Egyptian empires. A museum of historic antiquities was open to the public in Babylon. The Egyptians held many religious festivals that attracted the devout and many people who thronged to cities to see famous works of arts and buildings.

In India, as elsewhere, kings travelled for empire building. The Brahmins and the common people travelled for religious purposes. Thousands of Brahmins and the common folk thronged Sarnath and Sravasti to be greeted by the inscrutable smile of the Enlightened One – the Buddha.

ACTIVITIES

I. Choose the right variant

1) The first purpose of travelling was:

a) Leisure

b) Trade

c) Religion

2) What new form of tourism made its appearance in the time of the Babylonian & Egyption empires?

a) Leisure tourism

b) Mass tourism

c) Medical tourism

BC, the Greek civilization

The Greek tourists travelled to sites of … gods. The Greeks also enjoyed their … festivals that increasingly became a pursuit of …, and in particular, sport. Athens had become an important … for travellers visiting the major sights such as the Parthenon. … were established in large towns and seaports to provide for travellers' needs.

This era also saw the birth of travel writing. Herodotus was the worlds' first travel. … also made their … in the fourth century covering destinations such as Athens, Sparta and Troy. Advertisements in the way of signs … people to inns are also known in this period.

B.

precursors piracy introduced down travel staging favouring introduced listing identify resorts springtime

 

The Roman Empire

With no foreign borders between England and Syria, and with safe seas from … due to Roman patrols, the conditions … travel had arrived. First class roads coupled with … inns (… of modern motels) promoted the growth of …. Romans travelled to Sicily, Greece, Rhodes, Troy and Egypt. From 300 AD travel to the Holy Land also became very popular. The Romans … their … (itineraria), … hotels with symbols to … quality.

Second homes were built by the rich near Rome, occupied primarily during … season. The most fashionable … were found around Bay of Naples. Naples attracted the retired and the intellectuals, Cumae attracted the fashionable while Baiae attracted the … market tourist, becoming noted for its rowdiness, drunkenness and all- night singing.

PART 2 THE MIDDLE AGES

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

a player – old use an actor, used in the name of some theatre companies “the Shakespeare Players”

a missionary – a person who has been sent to a foreign country to teach their religion to the people who live there

Pilgrimage – a journey to a place which you visit to show your respect

a fortune – 1) a large amount of money, goods, property, etc; 2) a chance and the way it affects your life

 

LANGUAGE FOCUS

The suffix –er turns an action verb into a noun referring to a person or thing that performs the action: teach – teacher. It also used in forming nouns designating persons from objects of their labor or occupation: adventure – adventurer, hat – hatter.

WORD STUDY

II. Make up derivatives

verb	noun	adjective
invent
		printing
		living
sail		-
		captured

READING

TEXT 1 In the Middle Ages

Travel became difficult and dangerous as people travelled for business or for a sense of obligation and duty.

Adventurers sought fame and fortune through travel. The Europeans tried to discover a sea route to India for trade purposes and in this fashion discovered America and explored parts of Africa. Strolling players and minstrels made their living by performing as they travelled. Missionaries, saints, etc. travelled to spread the sacred word.

Leisure travel in India was introduced by the Mughals. The Mughal kings built luxurious palaces and enchanting gardens at places of natural and scenic beauty.

Travel for empire building and pilgrimage was a regular feature.

 

TEXT 2 Before Columbus

Christopher Columbus wanted to reach the Indies by travelling west.

The story behind why he wanted to travel to the Indies began many years before.

Palestine was captured by the Turks. The Turks were Moslems who followed the teachings of Mohammed. This upset the Christians and Jews who felt the Holy Land should belong only to them. In 1095 the Pope called the Christians to fight the Turks. This resulted in a 200 year war called the Crusades.

During the Crusades Europeans travelled to the Far East lands of India and China. They had never seen such wonderful lands as this area that they called the Indies. They discovered spices, silks, jewels, and perfumes in this new land. They wanted to bring these amazing items back home to their families.

The only trouble with carrying goods back home was the route between the Indies and Europe was dangerous. To travel by land Europeans had to cross deserts and mountains. Even if they travelled by sea they had to carry the goods by land between the Red and Mediterranean Seas.

Years later in the 1200's an Italian named Marco Polo travelled through the Indies. He visited Cathay. After returning home he wrote a book about his experiences. Polo's travels did not make a big impact on the European world until much later because very few people read his book.

This changed in 1450 when the printing press was invented. Marco Polo's book was one of the first printed. Many Europeans read Polo's book. A big interest in the East was on the Europeans' minds.

Christopher Columbus was one of the Europeans who read Marco Polo's book. After reading the book he felt the world was not flat and most of the world thought it to be.

Two other inventions were created around 1450. The compass could tell sailors which direction they were travelling. The astrolabe showed sailors just where their ship was at any time. These two inventions made sea travel much easier. Because of the new sailor instruments Columbus could try out his idea that the world was round and sail west to find the Indies.

ACTIVITIES

II. Complete the sentences

1. In the Middle Ages travel became ….

2. The Europeans tried to discover … for trade purposes.

3. Strolling players and minstrels made their living ….

4. Missionaries, saints, etc travelled ….

5. Leisure travel in India was introduces ….

6. During the Crusades Europeans travelled ….

7. They discovered … in new lands.

8. The only trouble with carrying goods back home ….

9. Even if they travelled by sea ….

10. After returning home from Cathay, Marko Polo wrote a book ….

11. He did not make a big impact on the European world because ….

12. After reading Polo’s book, Columbus felt ….

13. Columbus wanted to reach the Indies ….

QUIZ

1. Are the following events in the correct order?

· The Pope calls for the Crusades.

· 2.The Turks take Palestine.

· The Crusaders fight the Turks in Palestine

2. The Crusades were important because:

· the Turks were forced out of the Holy Land.

· many Christians fought there.

· Columbus was a general in one of the wars.

· many Crusaders learned a lot about the Indies and brought back products from there.

3. Traders in Europe wanted to find a new route to the Indies because the old routes were ______.

4. Japan and the Spice Islands are in the __________ Ocean.

5. Name the two bodies of water the trade ships went through.

· Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas

· Black and Red Seas

· Mediterranean and Red Seas

· Adriatic and Black Seas

6. Name one of the three major religions who claimed Palestine as their Holy Land. __________

7. True or False? Columbus believed that he could reach the Indies by sailing east.

8. True or False? Columbus had read books about the Indies by such writers as Marco Polo.

9. True or False? Columbus believed that the world was flat.

10. A new invention that helped Columbus learn about the Indies was the ________

11. Name one of the other inventions that helped Columbus sail out of the sight of land. ___________________

12. The main idea of this story is:

· Many people wanted to find a cheaper and quicker way to the Indies. Some of them believed that sailing west rather than east was the answer.

· The three major religions claimed Palestine as their Holy Land.

· The Turks discovered America.

13. Some people believe the world was flat, and others thought it was _________.

14. A compass tells a sailor __________.

TEXT 3 Columbus

Columbus asked King John II of Portugal for three ships to try out his idea of travelling west to reach the East. The king refused to give him the ships. Columbus tried going to other kings in France and England. They would not give him the ships. Finally Columbus went to the king and queen of Spain; King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. He asked them for money to try out his idea of travelling west to reach the East. Queen Isabella refused Columbus at first. Later King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella gave Columbus three ships, a crew of about ninety men, and some money. The three ships were the Niña, Pinta, and Santa María.

On August 2, 1492 the voyage began. The trip was not easy. Columbus's crew was afraid of the unknown seas. They believed monsters were in the waters. Some thought the world was flat, and that their ships were sailing too far from the shore and would fall off the end of the earth. On September 1, 1492 Columbus's ships passed an active volcano on the island of Teneriffe. They also reported seeing a bolt of fire fall from the heavens into the sea. The men took these as a bad signs.

On October 12 after 71 days at sea land was sighted. Columbus and his men rowed ashore and planted a flag in the sand. They claimed the island which they named San Salvador for Spain. Since Columbus believed he was in the Indies he called the natives Indians. Columbus had really landed on an island southeast of what is now Florida.

In March 1493 Columbus sailed back to Spain with a few Indians. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella named him Admiral of the Ocean Sea.

Columbus sailed to American three more times in 1493, 1498, and 1502. He found San Salvador and then Cuba which he called Juana, but he found few riches on his voyages. He died a man of average wealth on May 20, 1506 in Spain.

ACTIVITIES

SPEAKING

Compare travel in the Ancient Times with travel in the Middle Ages. What changes took place? What was unchanged? Use the following expressions:

to begin	to compare, to add an idea or to enumerate facts	to summarize and conclude	to give your personal opinion
So Well To begin with It's evident	First of all Secondly Besides; moreover Furthermore Also By the way	To sum it up To crown it all To cut a long story short In any case; anyway In general	I expect To be quite frank As far as I know In my opinion Frankly speaking I can't say for sure

PART 3 THE GRAND TOUR

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

a tutor – a teacher who works with one student or a small group

to institutionalize – to make something become part of a particular society, system or organization

a position – a rank or level in a company, competition or society; a job

spa – a town where water comes out of the ground and people come to drink it or lie in it because they think it will improve their health

LANGUAGE FOCUS

The prefix over- attached to a verb gives the meaning of “too much”: crowd – overcrowd.

WORD STUDY

READING

TEXT 1 The Grand Tour

From the early seventeenth century, a new form of tourism was developed as a direct outcome of the Renaissance. Under the reign of Elizabeth 1, young men seeking positions at court were encouraged to travel to continent to finish their education. Later, it became customary for education of gentleman to be completed by a 'Grand Tour' accompanied by a tutor and lasting for three or more years. While ostensibly educational, the pleasure seeking men travelled to enjoy life and culture of Paris, Venice or Florence. By the end of eighteenth century, the custom had become institutionalised in the gentry. Gradually pleasure travel displaced educational travel. The advent of Napoleonic wars inhibited travel for around 30 years and led to the decline of the custom of the Grand Tour.

TEXT 2 The development of the spas

The spas grew in popularity in the seventeenth century in Britain and a little later in the European Continent as awareness about the therapeutic qualities of mineral water increased. Taking the cure in the spa rapidly acquired the nature of a status symbol. The resorts changed in character as pleasure became the motivation of visits. They became an important centre of social life for the high society.

In the nineteenth century they were gradually replaced by the seaside resort.

ACTIVITIES

III. True or false?

1. The spas grew in popularity in the 13^th century in the Indies.

2. With the awareness about the therapeutic qualities of mineral water, the spas became popular also in the Europe.

3. The resorts sprang up as health became the motivation of visits.

4. They became an important centre of social life for the middle class.

5. The industrial revolution became associated with health benefits.

6. In the beginning, people drank this water but did not bathe in it.

7. The airline services in 19^th century introduced more resorts in the circuit.

8. The seaside resort gradually became a service meeting point.

SPEAKING

I. Recently “The New York Times” described the Grand Tour in this way:

“Three hundred years ago, wealthy young Englishmen began taking a post-Oxbridge trek through France and Italy in search of art, culture and the roots of Western civilization. With nearly unlimited funds, aristocratic connections and months (or years) to roam, they commissioned paintings, perfected their language skills and mingled with the upper crust of the Continent.”

(Gross, Matt. "Lessons From the Frugal Grand Tour." New York Times 5 September 2008.)

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

Package tour – a tour arranged by a travel agent; transposition and food & lodging are all provided at an inclusive price

To charter – to rent a vehicle, especially an aircraft, for a special use and not as part of a regular service

Motoring – the act of driving an automobile travelling in a car

Domestic tourism – is the activity of people visiting destinations within their own country’s boundaries

Annual – occurring once a year

Meditation – continuous and profound contemplation on a subject of a deep or abstruse nature

MNC – a multinational corporation that manages production or delivers services in more than one country

LANGUAGE FOCUS

We form most adverbs by adding –ly to the adjective: sharp – sharply. Adjectives ending in –le form adverbs by changing –le to –ly: simple – simply. Adjectives ending in –y form adverbs by changing –y to –ily: easy – easily. Adjectives ending in –ic form adverbs by adding –ally: tragic – tragically.

WORD STUDY

II. Make up derivatives

verb	noun	adjective
organize
		corresponding
diversify
	meditation
	flight
mean
expand
	introduction
	occurrence

READING

TEXT 1 Role of the industrial revolution in promoting travel in the west

The rapid urbanisation due to industrialisation led to mass immigration in cities. These people were lured into travel to escape their environment to places of natural beauty, often to the countryside they had come from change of routine from a physically and psychologically stressful jobs to a leisurely pace in countryside.

 

TEXT 2 Highlights of travel in the nineteenth century

· Advent of railway initially catalysed business travel and later leisure travel. Gradually special trains were chartered to only take leisure travel to their destinations.

· Package tours organised by entrepreneurs such as Thomas Cook.

· The European countries indulged in a lot of business travel often to their colonies to buy raw material and sell finished goods.

· The invention of photography acted as a status-enhancing tool and promoted overseas travel.

· The formation of first hotel chains; pioneered by the railway companies who established great railway terminus hotels.

· Seaside resorts began to develop different images as for day-trippers, elite, for gambling.

· Other types of destinations-ski resorts, hill stations, mountaineering spots etc.

· The technological development in steamships promoted travel between North America and Europe.

· The Suez Canal opened direct sea routes to India and the Far East.

· The cult of the guidebook followed the development of photography.

TEXT 3 Tourism in the Twentieth Century

The First World War gave first-hand experience of countries and aroused a sense of curiosity about international travel among less well off sector for the first time. The large scale of migration to the US meant a lot of travel across the Atlantic. Private motoring began to encourage domestic travel in Europe and the west. The sea side resort became annual family holiday destination in Britain and increased in popularity in other countries of the west. Hotels proliferated in these destinations.

ACTIVITIES

PROJECTS

I. Choose 3 of the highlights of travel in the 19^th century. Research them in more depth. Then produce a set of notes explaining the development and tourism at the time, and the residual effect today.

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

trip _n – a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

tour _n – a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

travel _{n, v} – the act or process of travelling from one place to another

day visitor/day tripper – is a person who visits a tourist destination or visitor attraction from their home and returns home on the same day

WORD STUDY

READING

TEXT 1 What is tourism?

Defining tourism is not a simple matter, as it is a complex industry made up of many different businesses, the common theme being that they provide products and services to tourists. The most usually accepted definition of tourism is that provided by the World Tourism Organization:

“Tourism comprises foe activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. “

This definition includes the word 'staying' and suggests that tourists stay at least one night. However, we must acknowledge that day visitors make a huge contribution to the tourist industry and some regions and organizations choose to include day visitors in statistics. Most UK statistics separate spending and volume of day visitors from overnight tourists.

According to the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, the total value of the tourism and travel sectors in 2002-2003 in the UK was £91.8 billion, most of which comes from domestic rather than overseas visitors.

It is acknowledged by the World Tourism Organization that tourism is the fastest growing economic sector, bringing foreign exchange earnings to countries and creating jobs. Jobs are not only created directly in tourism but in related industries, for example in construction. Much tourism development occurs in developing countries, bringing economic opportunities to local communities.

ACTIVITY

ACTIVITIES

SPEAKING

PROJECT

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

Up-market – describes goods and products of very high quality

Shoulder market – low season in air transportation, when ticket prices are cut down

Off-peak – not at the most popular and expensive time

White-collar (adj) – relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental rather than physical effort

“Darby & Joan” – a happily married couple who leads a placid, uneventful life (from Random House Dictionary)

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Compound Adjectives

A compound adjective is an adjective that comprises more than one word. Usually, hyphens are used to link the words together to show that it is one adjective. For example: it is a six-page document. Claire worked as a part-time keeper at the Safari park. That is all-too-common mistake.

Often adjectives are formed from proper nouns, which should be written using capital letters and without hyphens. For example: T hey continue their “Darby & Joan” lifestyle when travelling. The words “Darby & Joan” are one adjective describing the lifestyle.

WORD STUDY

READING

ACTIVITIES

I. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word from the box

customers valued seeking focused well-off escape differ luxury high tour operator

1. Current trends in … tourism are … on ideas of exclusiveness, personalization, the unusual and wellbeing.

2. Luxury travellers today are … to live through unfamiliar sensory experiences and to … the ordinary.

3. Luxury tourists expect a … degree of personalization, want to be … as individuals, and expect attention to details.

4. In France there are about 20 … offering luxury travel options.

5. There are 3 main groups of clientele for luxury tourism … namely exclusive or ultra-rich, … and occasional ….

6. These 3 groups … in their perception of luxury, their expectations and their purchasing power.

SPEAKING

PROJECT

Make a PowerPoint presentation about one of types of tourists. Don’t forget to indicate their:

ü age

ü social status

ü profession

ü tastes and preference

 

 

PART 3 TOURIST MOTIVATIONS

VOCABULARY

WORD STUDY

A B

1. Sightseeing a. A long hard walk lasting several days or weeks, usually in the mountains

2. Trade fair b. Tour or excursion that leaves in the morning and returns the same evening

3. Study tour c.Visiting the famous places in a city or town

4. Trek d. Trip, often to a city or countryside hotel that includes Saturday and Sunday

5. Conference e. Religious or artistic celebration that comes at the same time every year

6. Wedding f. Large official meeting, often lasting several days, for members of an organization or company to discuss subjects related to their work

7. Pilgrimage g. Large exhibition and meeting for advertising and selling a product

8. Daytrip h. Visit organized by an airline or tourist resort, etc. where tour operators and journalists can get to know the facilities and services offered

9. Festival i. Trip to a country or an area that includes visits, lectures, and classes

10. Weekend break j. Journey or holiday given to a worker or group of workers as a reward for good work

11. Familiarization k. Travel to an important religious place

(or 'fam') trip

12. Incentive tour l. Ceremony where two people get married

 

READING

WHY DO PEOPLE TRAVEL?

1. Read the text. How many of the types of trip you listed in Activity can you find?

2. Look again at the trips you listed and put them into the categories described in the text.

TEXT 1 Inside tourism: reasons for travel

People travel for many different reasons. In the tourism industry we divide the reasons for travel into three main categories: leisure tourism, business tourism, and visiting friends and relatives (usually abbreviated to VFR).

Leisure tourism can mean anything from excursions, day trips, and weekend breaks to package holidays, pleasure cruises, and longer independent trips such as hillwalking or treks in the mountains. It also includes cultural trips (for example, to music festivals), educational trips (for example, study tours), and religious trips (for example, pilgrims on a walking tour to a holy place).

Business tourism includes any travel away from ones main place of residence, for such events as meetings, conferences, and trade fairs. It also includes special trips when workers are given a reward or a 'thank you' for good work (this is known as an incentive tour). Travel in order to visit friends or family relatives is also regarded as part of the tourism industry. This could be for a special family party, such as a reunion or a wedding, or a regular trip made every year.

ACTIVITIY

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

SPEAKING

Customer care

‘Staff working in tourism must be able to understand the different reasons why tourists have come on holiday. It is important to get to know your customers. Find out why they've come on holiday, what they want to do and then help them to achieve their dreams.’ (Tourism Training Journal)

PROJECT

Your country or region

PART 4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

WHO – World Health Organization.

The September 11 attacks – were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City killing everyone on the board and many others working in the buildings.

Jumbo jet – a very large aircraft which carry a lot of people.

Tailor-made – specially made for a particular purpose.

Clean-up – operation – a military operation that seeks to “cleanse” the city of “anti-social” elements.

Trend – 1) a general direction in which smth tends to move; 2) a general tendency or inclination; 3) current style, vogue.

WORD STUDY

READING

TEXT 1 Recent developments

There has been an up-market trend in the tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe, where international travel for short breaks is common. Tourists have high levels of disposable income, considerable leisure time, are well educated, and have sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for a better quality products, which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for beach vacations; people want more specialized versions, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels.

The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable. WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time. There have also been changes in lifestyle, such as retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of tourism products. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse.

There have been a few setbacks in tourism, such as the September 11 attacks and terrorist threats to tourist destinations, such as in Bali and several European cities. Also, on December 26, 2004, a tsunami, caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, hit the Asian countries on the Indian Ocean, including the Maldives. Thousands of lives were lost and many tourists died. This, together with the vast clean-up operation in place, has stopped or severely hampered tourism to the area.

The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context, travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited by tourists.

TEXT 2 Adjectival Tourism

ACTIVITIES

I. Answer the following questions:

1. How did the tastes and demands of modern travellers change? What do you think is the reason for that?

2. What technological inventions made tourism affordable?

3. How did the Internet affect the development of tourism?

4. Are there any factors adversely affecting the development of tourism?

 

Leisure travel

Leisure travel was … with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom – the first European country to … leisure time to the … industrial population. Initially, this applied to the … of the machinery of …, the economic oligarchy, the factory … and the traders. These comprised the new…. Cox & Kings was the first … travel company to be … in 1758.

The British origin of this new … is reflected in many place names. In Nice, France, one of the first and … holiday resorts on the French Riviera, the long esplanade along the … is known to this day as the Promenade des Anglais; in many other historic … in continental Europe, old, well-established palace … have names like the Hotel Bristol, the Hotel Carlton or the Hotel Majestic – reflecting the dominance of English ….

Many … tourists travel to the tropics, both in the … and winter. Places of such … often visited are: Mexico, Bali in Indonesia, Brazil, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Malaysia, the … Polynesian tropical …, Queensland in Australia, Thailand, and Florida and Hawaii in the United States.

B.

people benefits technology space of time begin seaside resorts interest style Continental developed greater

Mass tourism

Mass tourism could only have … with the improvements in …, allowing the transport of large numbers of … in a short … to places of leisure …, so that … numbers of people could … to enjoy the … of leisure time.

In the United States, the first … in the European … were at Atlantic City, New Jersey and Long Island, New York.

In … Europe, early resorts included: Ostend, popularized by the people of Brussels; Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) and Deauville (Calvados) for the Parisians; and Heiligendamm, founded in 1793, as the first seaside resort on the Baltic Sea.

III. Translate into English:

1. После второй мировой войны в спросе и предложении на рынке туризма произошли коренные изменения.

2. Массовый туризм трансформировался в дифференцированный.

3. Следует отметить, что отныне туризм доступен не только элите, но и среднему классу, а с середины и населению с низким уровнем дохода.

4. Для дифференцированного туризма характерен не столько широкий, сколько глубокий ассортимент услуг. Иными словами, тур фирма предлагает не огромное количество видов тур продукта, а огромное число видов, каждый из которых имеет большое число вариантов.

5. Туризм становится стилем жизни. Популярными становятся индивидуальные туры.

6. В настоящее время туристический сектор растёт, появляются новые тренды, растут требования туристов к сервису.

7. Что касается видов туризма, то наряду с уже известными массовым, индивидуальным, деловым турами, появляются экологический, экстремальный, медицинский, религиозный, кулинарный, агро и другие.

SPEAKING

PROJECT

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) unites conservation, communities and sustainable travel while promoting responsible travel to natural areas while conserving the environment and improving the well-being of local people. TIES works by creating an international network of individuals, institutions and the tourism industry, educating tourists and tourism professionals.

The gross domestic product – The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis. It includes all of private and public consumption, government outlays, investments and exports less imports that occur within a defined territory.

Greenwashing (green whitewash) is the practice of companies disingenuously spinning their products and policies as environmentally friendly, such as by presenting cost cuts as reductions in use of resources. The practice of companies making their products appear to be environmentally sound by putting them in green packages, claiming they are biodegradable (when they are not), etc.

Label – a brief description given for purposes of identification; trade name of a company.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Many prefixes such as un-, in-, im-, ir-, il-, mis- and dis- essentially mean not and create a negative.

prefix	meaning/use	example
il, im, in, ir + adjective	opposite	illegal, impossible, indirect, irregular
dis +verb	negative/opposite	dislike
mis + verb	wrongly/badly	misunderstand
un + adjective/ verb	negative/opposite	unhappy, unlock

ü Ir- is used with words that begin with r: regular – irregular

ü Il- is used with words that begin with l: legal – illegal

ü Im- is used with words that begin with m or p: possible – impossible

WORD STUDY

I. Add the correct prefix to the following words and translate them:

…polluted

…agree

…touched

…dependent

…polite

…do

…approve

…behave

…moral

…hear

…interpret

…relevant

…believe

…believable

…fire

…appointed

…take

…read

…known

…rational

…recoverable

…resistible

…liberal

…logic

II. Make up derivatives

verb	noun	adjective
	empowerment
	recycling
disagree
		(un)polluted
involve
		condemned

IV. Find the synonyms

a) responsible, pristine, to strive, to purport, intervention, heritage, goal, tranquil, realm, condemn

b) purpose, to mean, liable, interference, sphere, blame, to try, original, inheritance, placid

READING

TEXT 1

Ecotourism is a form of tourism that involves travelling to tranquil and unpolluted natural areas. According to the definition and principles of ecotourism established by The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) in 1990, ecotourism is "Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." (TIES, 1990).

It purports to educate the traveller; provide funds for ecological conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Ecotourism is held as important by those who participate in it so that future generations may experience aspects of the environment relatively untouched by human intervention.

Ecotourism may appeal to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Generally it focuses on volunteering, personal growth and environmental responsibility. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. One of the goals of ecotourism is to offer tourists insight into the impact of human beings on the environment, and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats.

Responsible ecotourism includes programs that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and creation of economic opportunities for local communities.

For many countries, ecotourism is not simply a marginal activity to finance protection of the environment, but is a major industry of the national economy. For example, in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, Kenya, Madagascar and Antarctica, ecotourism represents a significant portion of the gross domestic product and economic activity.

The concept of ecotourism is widely misunderstood and in practice is often used as a marketing tool to promote tourism that is related to nature. This is an especially frequent malpractice in the realm of Jungle tourism. Critics claim that these greenwashing practices, carried out in the name of ecotourism, often consist of placing a hotel in a splendid landscape, to the detriment of the ecosystem. According to them, ecotourism must above all sensitize people to the beauty and the fragility of nature. They condemn some operators as greenwashing their operations: using the labels of "green" and "eco-friendly”, while behaving in environmentally irresponsible ways.

Although academics disagree about who can be classified as an ecotourist and there is little statistical data, some estimate that more than five million ecotourists – the majority of the ecotourist population – come from the United States, with many others from Western Europe, Canada and Australia.

Currently, there are various moves to create national and international ecotourism accreditation programs, although the process is also controversial. National ecotourism certification programs have been put in place in countries such as Costa Rica, Australia, Kenya and Sweden.

Ecotourism:

ü Involves travel to natural destinations

ü Builds environmental awareness

ü Provides direct financial benefits for conservation

ü Provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people

ü Respects local culture

ü Supports human rights and democratic movements

The characteristics of ecotourism are:

ü Conservation of biological diversity and cultural diversity through ecosystem protection

ü Promotion of sustainable use of biodiversity, by providing jobs to local populations

ü Sharing of socio-economic benefits with local communities and indigenous peoples by having their informed consent and participation in the management of ecotourism enterprises

ü Minimization of tourism's own environmental impact

ü Affordability and lack of waste in the form of luxury

ü Local culture, flora and fauna being the main attractions

ACTIVITIES

III. Complete the sentences

1. Ecotourism is ….

2. It focuses on ….

3. It may appeal to ….

4. Its typical destinations are those where ….

5. Responsible ecotourism includes ….

6. In addition, the integral part of Ecotourism is ….

7. For many countries it is not only …, but also ….

8. However, ecotourism is often used as ….

9. Greenwashing practices consist of ….

10. Some operators use the labels ….

TEXT 2

Bird Attractions in Florida

Florida is a birdwatchers' paradise. The state is home to close to 500 bird species, most native to Florida, including land birds, such as wild turkeys, red-tailed hawks, whip-poor-wills, ruby-throated hummingbirds and palm warblers. Near lakes, streams and swamplands, bird lovers can find pelicans, snowy egrets, spoonbills and sandpipers. Throughout Florida, it is possible to observe birds in their native habitats, as well as at sanctuaries that care for and protect tropical and domestic species.

Great Florida Birding Trail

Offered through the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the Great Florida Birding Trail (GFBT) is a 2,000-mile, self-guided highway trail that offers birdwatching opportunities. The GFBT includes 489 birding sites throughout Florida, which can be located using a special Google Maps trip-planning tool on the commission's website. With this tool, bird watchers will be able to find destinations and select from more than 40 specific bird species of interest – including smooth-billed anis, snail kites, mangrove cuckoos and crested caracaras – that thrive along the trail.

Great Florida Birding Trail Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 620 S. Meridian Street Tallahassee, FL 32399 850-488-4676 myfwc.com/gfbt

ACTIVITY

I. Complete the grid using the information above:

	location	specialties	settling	transport	facilities and entertainments
Bird Attractions in Florida
Galapagos Islands Resorts

 

PROJECTS

ü Think of some picturesque places in your country that could be selected as eco-destinations. Work out an advertising publication for a tourist magazine. Use one of the descriptions in Ex. as a model.

PART 6 ACTIVE TOURISM

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

Sea level – is a measure of the average height of the ocean's surface (such as the halfway point between the mean high tide and the mean low tide); used as a standard in reckoning land elevation.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

When writing numbers in full, hyphenate all numbers between 21 and 99 (less those divisible by 10). (There is no need to use commas.)

Examples:

51 (fifty-one)

234 (two hundred and thirty-four)

3,567 (three thousand five hundred and sixty-seven)

44,120 (forty-four thousand one hundred and twenty)

23,237,897 (twenty-three million two hundred and thirty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven)

WORD STUDY

I. Write the following numbers in full:

2 500; 43 498; 22 763; 198 732; 8 332 989; 34; 192; 50; 239 010; 11 330 943.

II. Write the following words as numbers:

Twenty percent, three thousand two hundred and twenty, one hundred and ninety-three, seven thousand and seventy-one, two thousand and ten, thirty thousand, eleven million, three thousand three hundred and fifty.

 

III. Make up derivatives

verb	noun	adjective
ski
	backpacking
walk
	snowboarding
		competitive
climb

New Zealand's Sporting Year

The Southern Traverse is in mid-November. It is an adventure race for ……. of three to five people through some of the most difficult terrain in the South Island, finishing in Nelson. Apart from cycling............. have to use.......... and rafts to cross lakes and rivers.

Yachting has been a popular pastime in Auckland since the 1870s, when the first............. regattas were held on Waitemata Harbour. The biggest event is the Auckland Anniversary Regatta, in late January. Up to 600................ take part in one of the world's largest one-day regattas.

World Heli-Challenge takes place in late July at Wanaka, on the South
Island. It is just one of the many adventure sports ……… in New Zealand. International skiers and …………. take part in three days of skiing events.

The International Dragon Boat Championships in February celebrate the Chinese New Year. Competing...................... come from all over the world to.................. on Wellington's Lambton Harbour.

READING

TEXT 1 WIDENING HORIZONS

The concept of backpacking pensioners may sound strange but it is fast becoming a common sight. According to Rory Hegarty at the UK charity, Age Concern, there is a dear trend for retired people to go on increasingly adventurous holidays. 'The stereotype of older people quietly sitting at home is changing, because the way old people think about themselves is changing.' he says. They see no reason why they shouldn't lead active lives and large numbers are now going on walking, climbing, rafting, sailing, swimming and other activity and adventure holidays.

Saga Holidays, a company specialising in vacations for the over fifties, is feeling the benefits of this change, bookings to exotic destinations now account for 20 percent of all holidays sold. 'As we all know, people are living longer than in the past and tend to be fitter and healthier in old age than in days gone by, so it’s only natural that they want to continue travelling, comments Michelle Paul, marketing manager for Saga.

She adds that over the last five years, she has noticed that the age of those travelling with Saga has increased. The average age of a Saga passenger is now sixty-six, she reveals. 'But it’s not unusual for people in their eighties and nineties to be travelling for exotic places.' Particularly popular destinations with older people are Thailand, China, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, says Paul. In the last five years sales of holidays to all these countries have increased dramatically. Destinations including Nepal, India and Botswana have also seen growing numbers of bookings from the over sixties.

Adapted from BA High Life, January 2001

ACTIVITIES

I. Read the article on the opposite page. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Correct any false statements.

1. More pensioners are going on adventurous holidays nowadays.

2. Old people don't like to travel as much now as in the past.

3. Saga is a travel company specialising in adventure holidays.

4. Most of the holidays booked with Saga are to exotic destinations.

5. Most people who travel with Saga are aged between sixty and seventy.

6. The oldest passengers who travel with Saga are in their eighties.

7. South American countries are popular destinations.

READING

Read the text and choose the best title:

A. Popular ski resorts around the world

B. Where to go skiing in North America and Canada

C. Popular ski resorts in Canada

D. The ski resort of Whistler-Blackcomb

TEXT 2

The Rocky Mountains, which border the USA and Canada, are a major venue for skiers and lovers of winter sports. The ranges are huge (the peaks average 3,350 m above sea level) and they cover some 3,220 km² from central New Mexico to north-eastern British Columbia.

The southern Rockies include some of the most famous ski centres in North America such as Vail, Aspen and Telluride. Colorado ski country attracts around eleven million skiers annually – 20 percent of the total number of skiers in the USA.

The ski slopes of Colorado, a sunny state known for its powder snow, are among the most difficult in the world. Over half of Vail's 193 runs are 'advanced'. There's snowboarding here as well as downhill skiing. High-speed chairlifts for four and a number of other lifts and gondolas can take visitors to the top in record time.

Colorado has a long season. You can usually ski from late November to mid-April, depending on the weather. Mother Nature is helped by snowmaking machines. To use them, however, temperatures must be cold enough to create the correct mixture.

At the northern end of the Rockies, 120 km north of Vancouver, is North America's number one ski resort – Whistler-Blackcomb. Whistler has 7,071 acres of skiable terrain which are served by fifteen different types of lifts and gondolas taking 30,000 skiers per hour onto the mountains. Whistler has five base stations, including a European-style village with restaurants, bars, hotels, condominium apartments and shops.

Canada has a reputation of being a cold country but because Whistler is not far from the Pacific Ocean, temperatures stay quite mild. Even in the middle of winter, temperatures don't often fall below -15ºC.

ACTIVITIES

I. Choose the right variant

The Rocky Mountains border

A. the USA and Canada.

B. North and South America.

C. the USA and Mexico.

D. New Mexico and British Columbia.

SPEAKING

UNIT 3 SECTORS IN TOURISM

PART 1 ACCOMMODATION

VOCABULARY

COMMENTS

All-suite hotel –a hotel in which every room has an attached living room and/or kitchen.

B&B (Bed and Breakfast) – a private residence, several rooms of which are set aside for overnight guests whose paid accommodations include breakfast.

Dinner theatre –a theater at which dinner is included in the price of admission.

Franchise –authorization granted to someone to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a certain area.

Personal touch –an original or special quality or something that is done for every single person in a group in order to make them feel special.

Motorhome –a large motor vehicle that is designed to be lived in while travelling. It contains cooking equipment, one or more beds, and sometimes a toilet.

WORD STUDY

A B

1. five-star a. apartment

2. country b. bed and breakfast

3. converted c. cabin

4. budget d. cottage

5. friendly e. farmhouse

6. metropolitan f. guesthouse

7. medieval g. hostel

8. modern h. hotel

9. self-catering i. motel

10. stylish j. villa

READING

Accomm