III. Complete the texts using the words from the box

A.

site directing healing appearance pleasure guidebooks religious writer inns

BC, the Greek civilization

The Greek tourists travelled to sites of … gods. The Greeks also enjoyed their … festivals that increasingly became a pursuit of …, and in particular, sport. Athens had become an important … for travellers visiting the major sights such as the Parthenon. … were established in large towns and seaports to provide for travellers' needs.

This era also saw the birth of travel writing. Herodotus was the worlds' first travel. … also made their … in the fourth century covering destinations such as Athens, Sparta and Troy. Advertisements in the way of signs … people to inns are also known in this period.

B.

precursors piracy introduced down travel staging favouring introduced listing identify resorts springtime

 

The Roman Empire

With no foreign borders between England and Syria, and with safe seas from … due to Roman patrols, the conditions … travel had arrived. First class roads coupled with … inns (… of modern motels) promoted the growth of …. Romans travelled to Sicily, Greece, Rhodes, Troy and Egypt. From 300 AD travel to the Holy Land also became very popular. The Romans … their … (itineraria), … hotels with symbols to … quality.

Second homes were built by the rich near Rome, occupied primarily during … season. The most fashionable … were found around Bay of Naples. Naples attracted the retired and the intellectuals, Cumae attracted the fashionable while Baiae attracted the … market tourist, becoming noted for its rowdiness, drunkenness and all- night singing.

IV. Fill in the gaps with the right preposition

1. Travel … trade was an important feature since the beginning of civilization.

2. The Greek tourists travelled … sites of healing gods.

3. Greek religious festivals became a pursuit of pleasure, and … particular, sport.

4. Due … Roman patrols seas were safe … piracy.

5. First class roads coupled … staging inns promoted the growth of travel.

6. … 300 AD travel … the Holy Land also became very popular.

7. … India as elsewhere, kings travelled … empire building.

V. Translate into English:

1. В Античные времена основным мотивом путешествий была торговля.

2. Однако многие богатые люди путешествовали также для развлечения.

3. Так в Вавилоне был открыт первый музей древностей, египтяне устраивали религиозные фестивали.

4. В Индии, как и повсюду, правители странствовали для создания и укрепления империи.

5. Китайцы одни из первых стали составлять карты.

6. Римляне сооружали первоклассные дороги, рядом с которыми располагались постоялые дворы.

7. Греки совершали поездки к лечебным местам.

8. В 400 году н.э. в Греции появились путеводители.

9. В римских путеводителях не только перечислялись гостиницы, но и их качество.

10. Так же в эту эпоху появилась первая реклама.

 

PART 2 THE MIDDLE AGES

VOCABULARY

Read and memorize the following words

obligation _n

duty ­_n

to seek (sought, sought)

fame _n

fortune _n

route _n

purpose _n

to explore

to stroll

to perform

to spread

sacred

leisure _n

to introduce

enchanting

scenic

beauty _n

to reach

to capture

to belong

to upset

to fight

spice _n

silk _n

jewel _n

item _n

to bring back

trouble _n

to carry

goods _{n, pl}

impact _{n, v}

printing press _n

to invent

sailor _n

to try

COMMENTS

a player – old use an actor, used in the name of some theatre companies “the Shakespeare Players”

a missionary – a person who has been sent to a foreign country to teach their religion to the people who live there

Pilgrimage – a journey to a place which you visit to show your respect

a fortune – 1) a large amount of money, goods, property, etc; 2) a chance and the way it affects your life

 

LANGUAGE FOCUS

The suffix –er turns an action verb into a noun referring to a person or thing that performs the action: teach – teacher. It also used in forming nouns designating persons from objects of their labor or occupation: adventure – adventurer, hat – hatter.

WORD STUDY

I. Make nous with the help of suffix –er and translate them

play – …, perform – …, explore – …, seek – …, stroll – …, trade – …, hold – …, make – …, work – …, employ – …, village – …, love – ….

II. Make up derivatives

verb	noun	adjective
invent
		printing
		living
sail		-
		captured

READING

TEXT 1 In the Middle Ages

Travel became difficult and dangerous as people travelled for business or for a sense of obligation and duty.

Adventurers sought fame and fortune through travel. The Europeans tried to discover a sea route to India for trade purposes and in this fashion discovered America and explored parts of Africa. Strolling players and minstrels made their living by performing as they travelled. Missionaries, saints, etc. travelled to spread the sacred word.

Leisure travel in India was introduced by the Mughals. The Mughal kings built luxurious palaces and enchanting gardens at places of natural and scenic beauty.

Travel for empire building and pilgrimage was a regular feature.

 

TEXT 2 Before Columbus

Christopher Columbus wanted to reach the Indies by travelling west.

The story behind why he wanted to travel to the Indies began many years before.

Palestine was captured by the Turks. The Turks were Moslems who followed the teachings of Mohammed. This upset the Christians and Jews who felt the Holy Land should belong only to them. In 1095 the Pope called the Christians to fight the Turks. This resulted in a 200 year war called the Crusades.

During the Crusades Europeans travelled to the Far East lands of India and China. They had never seen such wonderful lands as this area that they called the Indies. They discovered spices, silks, jewels, and perfumes in this new land. They wanted to bring these amazing items back home to their families.

The only trouble with carrying goods back home was the route between the Indies and Europe was dangerous. To travel by land Europeans had to cross deserts and mountains. Even if they travelled by sea they had to carry the goods by land between the Red and Mediterranean Seas.

Years later in the 1200's an Italian named Marco Polo travelled through the Indies. He visited Cathay. After returning home he wrote a book about his experiences. Polo's travels did not make a big impact on the European world until much later because very few people read his book.

This changed in 1450 when the printing press was invented. Marco Polo's book was one of the first printed. Many Europeans read Polo's book. A big interest in the East was on the Europeans' minds.

Christopher Columbus was one of the Europeans who read Marco Polo's book. After reading the book he felt the world was not flat and most of the world thought it to be.

Two other inventions were created around 1450. The compass could tell sailors which direction they were travelling. The astrolabe showed sailors just where their ship was at any time. These two inventions made sea travel much easier. Because of the new sailor instruments Columbus could try out his idea that the world was round and sail west to find the Indies.

ACTIVITIES