EXERCISE 1. Make up 5 sentences with Participle I

EXERCISE 2. Translate into Russian paying attention on Participle I

1. Nobody looked at the crying boy. 2. The woman standing there is my elder sister. 3. The young girl singing this beautiful song is my cousin sister. 4. Entering the house, he noticed something strange. 5. Coming to school he remembered he forgot his books at home. 6. Looking out of the window he saw the post man. 7. Hearing the sounds of music they suddenly stopped talking. 8. She went out, leaving the front door opened. 9. Reading this report the specialist understood the whole problem. 10. While shopping I met my good old friend, and I was pleased.

EXERCISE 3. Change the underlined parts of the following sentences with participle constructions.

1. All the people who stand there are students. 2. The young woman who is speaking now is own new secretary. 3. The TV-set that stands on that table is broken. 4. The student who helps the professor in all his science work studies in my group. 5. All the student who take books from the University’s library must return them in time. 6. There are many children in this sport club who take part in the international championships.

 

EXERCISE 4. Change the underlined parts of the following sentences with participle constructions.

 

1. Since I know this man I would like to advice you not to trust him. 2. Since he knew that girl he was pleased to take her out to the prom. 3. As she thought that it was his brother at the door, Karen decided to open it. 4. As the people were afraid of getting lost in the wood, they felt their way about very carefully. 5. Since he needed a shelter for the night, Gary decided to go to the neighbors’ house.

 

EXERCISE 5. Change the underlined parts of the following sentences with participle constructions keeping WHEN.

 

1. When you speak French pay attention on your pronunciation. 2. Be very careful when you are crossing the street and do not forget to look left and right. 3. When you are leaving the house don’t forget to switch off the light. 4. When you begin to work with the dictionary, don’t forget my instructions. 5. You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language.

 

EXERCISE 6. Translate into English, using Participle I where possible.

1. Получив телеграмму, моя сестра немедленно выехала в Москву. 2. Войдя в класс, учительница спросила дежурного, кто отсутствует. 3. Мать улыбалась, глядя на детей, играющих в саду. 4. Взяв перо и бумагу, мальчик стал писать письмо отцу, уехавшему на Дальний Восток. 5. Услышав голос друга, я вышел из комнаты, чтобы встретить его. 6. Увидев незнакомого человека, я извинился и вернулся в свою комнату. 7. Будьте осторожны, переходя улицу. 8. Приехав в Москву, мы, прежде всего, сдали вещи на хранение (to leave something in the left luggage room). 9. Прожив много лет в Англии, он хорошо говорит по-английски. 10. Читая эту книгу, я встретил несколько интересных выражений (to come across). 11. Прочитав книгу, мальчик вернул ее в библиотеку. 12. Проведя лето в деревне, больной совершенно поправился (to be fully recovered). 13. Студенты, читающие английские книги в оригинале, легко овладевают языком. 14. Увидев своих друзей, пришедших проводить его, он подошел к ним.

ADDITIONAL STUDY: SILVER. DIAMOND.

I. Read and translate the text

SILVER

The mining of silver has been carried on from ancient times. During the gold rush days in California people cursed the ‘black earth’ that struck to their gold dust. It was only by accident that they discovered it was silver ore. Silver is one of the most widely distributed of all metals. Sometimes it is found in solid pieces. About 2000000 tons of it float about in solution in the ea, but it would not pay to get it out. In the main, silver comes only in ores from which it must be separated.

In this ore silver is usually combined with sulphur as silver sulphide, or is a part of other sulphides, chiefly those of copper, lead, or arsenic. Silver is too soft to be used in its pure state, so it is combined with other metals. Silver coins for example contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. The sterling silver of which jewelry and silverware are made contains 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent copper.

The name ‘sterling’ has a curious origin. It comes from a North German family called Easterling. The Easterling were such honest traders that King John of England gave them the job of making the English coins in 1215. They did it so well and truly that their name is still used as a sign of solid worth. All sterling silver is stamped with hallmark, either the word “sterling’ or a symbol, depending on the country. The English symbol is a lion.

Pure silver doesn’t tarnish in pure air. When it turns black, that’s a sign there is sulphur in the air as from city smoke or oil wells. Next to gold silver is the easiest metal to work with. It is also the most perfect known conductor of electricity and heat.

 

Vocabulary

mining – добыча

to curse – проклинать

ore – руда

to separate – разделять

lead – свинец

jewelry – украшения

silverware – столовое серебро

origin – происхождение

trader – торговец

sign – знак

to stamp – штамповать

hallmark – проба

to tarnish – темнеть

oil well – нефтяная скважина

II. Answer the questions

1. What has been carried on from ancient times?

2. How was silver discovered?

3. Where can silver be found sometimes?

4. How much do silver coins contain?

5. What is called Easterling?

6. How are all sterling silver stamped?

7. What is an English symbol?

8. What is the easiest metal to work with?

 

III. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary

IV. Complete the sentences

1. During the gold rush days in California people cursed …

2. Sometimes it is found in …

3. … from which it must be separated.

4. Silver is too soft to be used in its pure state, so …

5. … are made contains 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent copper.

6. The Easterling were such honest traders that …

7. Next to gold silver is …

 

V. Agree or disagree with the statements

1. It was only by accident that they discovered it was gold ore.

2. Sometimes silver is found in solid pieces.

3. Silver is not too soft to be used in its pure state.

4. The sterling silver of which jewelry and silverware are made contains 92.5 percent silver and 7.8 percent copper.

5. The name ‘sterling’ comes from a North German family called Easterling.

6. The English symbol is a tiger.

 

VI. Name the properties that silver has

VII. Retell the text

***

I. Read and translate the text

DIAMOND

A hundred million years ago the earth was in its early cooling stages. At that time there existed beneath the ground a mass of hot liquid rock. This was subjected to extreme heat and pressure. Carbon which was subjected to this pressure became what it’s called nowadays – a diamond.

The word ‘diamond’ comes from the Greek word ‘adamas’ which means ‘unconquerable’. A diamond is truly unconquerable for nothing in the world can cut it – except other diamond. Diamond industry started in India more than 2500 years ago.

Diamonds were prized from the very beginning. In fact before the fifteenth century, diamonds were still so rare that only kings and queens owned them.

Today the capital of the diamond empire is South Africa where in 1867 important sources of diamonds were discovered by accident. A poor farmer’s son found a pretty stone. Within a year three great diamond fields were found in the city of Kimberly, the center of a great diamond empire was born.

The only difference between an industrial diamond and any other kind of diamond is that the industrial diamond is of an inferior grade. If it were of perfect quality, beautiful in color and without a flaw, the diamond would be used in jewelry where it brings higher prices.

Diamonds are crushed to dust and this diamond dust is used in making diamond-grinding wheels. Other diamonds are used in dies. Without diamonds some of the most important industries would have to shut down.

Vocabulary

to exist – существовать

beneath – под

liquid – жидкий

to subject – подвергать

pressure - давление

to cut – резать

rare – редкий

dust – пыль

to grind – измельчать

II. Answer the questions

1. What was in its early cooling stages?

2. What is a diamond?

3. Where does the word ‘diamond’ come from?

4. When did diamond industry start and where?

5. Why did only kings and queens own diamonds before the fifteenth century?

6. What is the capital of the diamond empire?

7. What is the difference between an industrial diamond and any other kind of diamond?

8. Where are diamonds used?