Строительных специальностей средних специальных учебных заведений

ASTRAKHAN 2006

 

ББК 81.2 Англ

Учебное пособие рекомендовано для студентов третьего курса строительных специальностей средних специальных учебных заведений.– Астрахань, 2006. – 81 с.

 

 

Автор: Н.И. Гетмиченко

Рецензенты: зав. кафедрой англ. языка для Института Соц. Наук АГУ, канд. филол. наук, доц. Э.А. Саракаева

 

 

Утверждено к печати на заседании ПК

Протокол №________________от__________________2006г.

 

· Гетмиченко Наталья Игоревна

· Астраханский колледж строительства и экономики

АННОТАЦИЯ

 

Предлагаемое учебное пособие предназначено для студентов третьего курса ССУЗов, изучающие строительные специальности. В пособии изложены основные разделы лексики и грамматики, необходимые для изучения иностранного языка в сфере получаемой специальности.

В этой работе отражена терминология основных направлений строительной деятельности. Пособие имеет практическую направленность и ориентировано на активную методику обучения иностранного языка.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

UNIT 1 5

LEXICAL MATERIAL: BUIDING MATERIALS 5

GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE 12

ADDITIONAL STUDY: SAND.COPPER. 16

UNIT 2 21

LEXICAL MATERIAL: MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS 21

GRAMMAR: PAST AND FUTURE PERFECT 27

ADDITIONAL STUDY: NICKEL. PLATINUM. 31

UNIT 3 35

LEXICAL MATERIAL: BUILDING PROFESSIONS 35

GRAMMAR: INFINITIVE 39

ADDITIONAL STUDY: QUICKSAND. CHALK. 42

UNIT 4 47

LEXICAL MATERIAL: CIVIL ENGINEERING 47

GRAMMAR: GERUND 51

ADDITIONAL STUDY: MARBLE. ASBESTOS. 55

UNIT 5 59

LEXICAL MATERIAL: ENGINEERING COMPONENTS 59

GRAMMAR: PARTICIPLE I63

ADDITIONAL STUDY: SILVER. DIAMOND. 66

UNIT 6 70

LEXICAL MATERIAL: THE ART OF BUILDING 70

GRAMMAR: PARTICIPLE II 73

ADDITIONAL STUDY: SALT. SOIL. 76

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ 80

 

UNIT 1

LEXICAL MATERIAL: BUIDING MATERIALS

I. Read and translate the text “Building Materials”

Building Materials

 

Materials that are used for structural purposes should meet several requirements. In most cases it is important that they should be hard, durable, fire-resistant and easily fastened together. The most commonly used materials are wood, stone, brick, concrete, steel, glass, plastics, etc. They differ in hardness, durability, and fire-resistance.

Wood is the most ancient structural material. In comparison with steel wood is lighter, cheaper, easier to work with and its mechanical properties are good. On the other hand, wood has certain disadvantages. First, it burns, second – it decays. Stone belongs to one of the oldest building materials used by men. Stone has characteristic of many properties: mechanical strength, compactness, porosity, sound and heat insulation and fire-resistance.

Stone is widely used for foundations, walls and steps of buildings, etc. Bricks were known many thousand years ago. Bricks are hard and easily fastened together with the help of mortar. A brick building is strong, durable and weather resistant. Concrete is referred to as one of the most important materials. We live and work in concrete structures, drink water, which is brought to our houses through concrete pipes.

Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and crushed stone, made into a paste with water. It forms a hard, durable mass and is used largely for the foundations and walls of houses, and for structures under the water. Steel has come into general use with the development of industry. Its manufacture requires special equipment and skilled labor.

Glass and plastics are also widely used nowadays in the construction of different kind of buildings. The raw materials employed in the manufacture of glass are: limestone, sand, soda ash, sodium sulfate, cullet (broken glass), and a small amount of aluminum.

All building materials are divided into 3 main groups:

1. Main building materials: rocks and artificial stones, timber and metals;

2. Cementing or binding materials such as lime, gypsum and cements;

3. Secondary or auxiliary materials which are used for the interior parts of the buildings.

Natural building materials are: stone, sand and timber. Cement, clay products and concrete are examples of artificial building materials.

Vocabulary

structural purpose - структурная цель

to meet requirements - соответствовать требованиям

hard - твердый

durable - прочный

fire-resistant - огнеустойчивый

concrete - цемент

steel - сталь

to decay - гнить

compactness - компактность

porosity - пористость

sound and heat insulation - звуко и тепло изоляция

weather resistant - погода-устойчивость

manufacture - производство

limestone - известняк

artificial - искусственный

timber - строительный лес

II. Answer the questions

1. What requirements should building materials meet?

2. What are the most commonly used materials?

3. How do the most commonly used materials differ?

4. What can you say about wood in comparison with steel?

5. What are the disadvantages of wood?

6. What characteristics does stone have?

7. Where can we use stone?

8. What qualities do bricks have?

9. What material is referred to as one of the most important material?

10. How do we get concrete?

11. What material did we get with the development of industry?

12. What raw materials do we need in the manufacture of glass?

13. What groups are all building materials divided into?

14. What materials can be referred to natural and artificial building materials?