Ex. 22 Grammar Focus 8. The Continuous Tenses.

a) to be (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be) + Participle I

	Present	Past	Future
Affirmative	I am speaking We You are speaking They   He She is speaking It	I was speaking   We You were speaking They   He She was speaking It	I We shall be speaking   You They He will be speaking She It
Negative	I am not speaking   We are not You aren’t They speaking   He is not She isn’t It speaking	I was not (wasn’t) speaking   We were not You (weren’t) They speaking   He was not She (wasn’t) It speaking	I shall not (shan’t) We be speaking   You They will not He won’t She be speaking It
Interrogative	Am I speaking?   we Are you speaking? they   he Is she speaking? it	Was I speaking?   we Were you speaking? they   he Was she speaking? it	Shall I be speaking? we   you they Willhe be speaking? she it

Времена группы Continuous обозначают действие в процессе его развития в определенный момент в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем.

Некоторые глаголы не могут выражать действие или состояние как процесс, совершающийся в определенный момент времени, и, следовательно, употребляться во всех временах группы Continuous. К ним относятся: to love – любить, to want – хотеть, to like – нравиться, to hate – ненавидеть, to wish,

to desire – желать, to see – видеть, to hear – слышать, to feel – чувствовать,

to notice – замечать, to know – знать, to understand – понимать, to consist – состоять, to belong – принадлежать, to recognize – узнавать, to be – быть и др.

С временами группы Continuous обычно употребляются следующие указатели времени:

now, right now, just now, at the moment, today, this week (month, season), these days, tonight (this evening);

at that time, all day (night) long, at 6 o’clock, the whole evening (morning, afternoon), from seven to nine;

at this time tomorrow(next week, next month), at 10 o’clock on Friday.

b) Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative (I’m not doing etc.).

Model: I’m tired. I (go) to bed now. Goodnight!

I’m tired. I’m going to bed now. Goodnight!

1. We can go out now. It…………(rain) any more.

2. “How is your new job?” “Not so good at the moment. I………(enjoy) it very much.”

3. Kate phoned me last night. She’s on holiday in France. She ……….(have) a great time and doesn’t want to come back.

4. I want to lose weight, so this week I………. (eat) lunch.

5. Angela has just started evening classes. She……………. (learn) German.

6. I think Paul and Ann had an argument. They…………… (speak) to each other.

 

c) Here is a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she did them):

1. 8.45-9.15 - had breakfast 4. 12.45-1.30 –had lunch

2. 9.15-10.00-read the newspaper 5. 2.30 – 3.30 –washed some clothes

3. 10.00-12.00-cleaned her flat 6. 4.00 -6.00 –watched television

 

Write sentences saying what she was doing at these times:

1. At 9 o’clock she was having breakfast.

2. At 9.30 she _____________________

3. At 11 o’clock ___________________

4. At 1 o’clock ____________________

5. At 3 o’clock____________________

6. At 5 o’clock ____________________

 

Ex. 23 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use the past continuous.

Model: Tom burnt his hand while he …………………

Tom burnt his hand while he was cooking the dinner.

1. The doorbell rang while I……………………………

2. We saw an accident while we……………………….

3. Mary fell asleep while she…………………………..

4. The television was on but nobody…………………..

 

Ex. 24 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.

Model: Jane ………… (wait) for me when I ……….(arrive).

Jane was waiting for me when I arrived.

1. “ What ……………….(you/do) this time yesterday?” “I was asleep.”

2. “……………… (you/go) out last night?” “No, I was too tired.”

3. “Was Carol at the party last night?” “Yes, she ………………(wear) a really nice dress.”

4. How fast ………… (you/drive) when the accident…………(happen)?

5. John………….. (take) a photograph of me while I ………….(not/look).

6. We were in a very difficult position. We……….. (not/know) what to do.

7. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last…….. (see) him, he………(try) to find a job in London.

8. I………….. (walk) along the street when suddenly I………..(hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody………….. (follow) me. I was frightened and I………… (start) to run.

9. When I was young, I………………… (want) to be a bus driver.

 

Ex. 25 Put the verb in brackets into the Future Continuous.

Model: Don’t ring her up at 12 o’clock. She (write) her composition then.

Don’t ring her up at 12 o`clock. She will be writing her composition then.

1. At this time tomorrow the boys of our group (play) football.

2. When we arrive in St. Petersburg, it probably (rain).

3. It is nearly autumn, soon the leaves (change) color.

4. If you want to see us, come to Tom’s house on Sunday. We (wait) for you there at midday.

 

Ex. 26 Speaking. Answer the questions using the Future Continuous Tense and the given suggestions. Begin your sentences with I think, I am sure …

 

1. What will she be doing on Sunday? (make a dress)

2. What will you be doing at this time next week? (swim in the Black Sea)

3. What will he be doing at the University for five years? (study law)

4. What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to Kiev)

5. What will grandfather be doing when we arrive? (work in the garden)

 

 

UNIT 3

DESCRIBING A COUNTRY: GENERAL OUTLINE

Section I

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF GREAT BRITAIN

AND NORTHERN IRELAND

Ex. 1 Pronunciation practice. Read and practice the pronunciation of the following words and word-combinations:

Europe, the British Isles, the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, the Thames, the Severn, vegetables, islands, Northern Ireland, surface, mountainous, descendants, manufacture, natural resources, textiles, equipment, pharmaceuticals.

 

Text 1

Great Britain

Pre-reading task:

a) Scan the text andanswer the following questions:

1. What is the full official name of Great Britain?

2. What parts does the UK consist of?

3. What is the territory of Great Britain?

4. How many people inhabit the UK?

b) Read the text, divide it into parts and give headings.

Great Britain is situated on the British Isles. The island of Great Britain together with the neighboring minor islands and the northeastern part of Ireland constitute the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The total area of Great Britain is 244,000 square kilometers. The west coast of the country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea. Great Britain is separated from France by the English Channel which is 32 km. wide. The seas surrounding Great Britain are not very deep. The surface of England and Ireland is flat, but the surface of Scotland and Wales is mountainous. In Wales, there are the Cambrian Mountains, the highest peak of which is Snowdon. It is 3,560 feet high (nearly 1,000 meters). In Scotland, the main chain of mountains is called the Grampians, its highest peak is Ben Nevis (4,400 feet high). The mountainous northern part of Scotland is called the Highlands.

The rivers of Great Britain are short. The Thames, the Severn and the Clyde are the most important. There are many beautiful lakes in Great Britain, the largest part of them is in the Lake District in northwestern England.

The climate of Great Britain is typically maritime with frequent rains and strong winds. The Gulf Stream makes the climate mild and damp.

The population of the UK is about 60 million people (estimate 2001). The country is more densely populated than most countries. About nine - tenths of the people live in cities and towns. Most of the British are descendants of many early peoples who invaded Britain. These are the Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Scandinavians, and Normans. Since the late 1940’s many immigrants from Commonwealth countries have settled in the United Kingdom. Most of them came from the West Indies, Asia, and Africa.

The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, the capital, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Cardiff, and Edinburgh.

The UK is one of the world’s great manufacturing and trading nations. The country’s farms produce only about two – thirds of the food needed by the people. Vegetables are grown in all parts of the country, especially in the south. Sheep breeding and cattle breeding are also developed in Great Britain.

Except for coal, low-grade iron ore, natural gas and oil, the UK has few natural resources. The UK also produces heavy machinery for industry, farming and mining; railway equipment, household appliances, and machine tools. An increasing percentage of the UK’s manufactured goods consists of electronic equipment.

The UK is also famous for its chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, pottery industry. The UK is one of the world’s chief centers of printing and publishing.

Ex. 2 Answer the following questions:

1. Where is Great Britain located?

2. What are the two large islands called?

3. What seas and oceans surround the territory of Great Britain?

4. What can you say about the rivers of Great Britain?

5. What mountains do you know in Great Britain?

6. What influences the climate of Great Britain?

7. What natural resources is the country rich in?

8. What facts can prove that the UK is still a leading industrial nation?

 

Ex. 3 Test yourself:

1.The UK consists of… parts.

a) three

b) five

c) four

2. … is the most closely related with England.

a) Scotland

b) Wales

c) Northern Ireland

3. The total area of the UK is … square kilometers.

a) 210,000

b) 244,000

c) 240,000

4. Great Britain is separated from … by the English Channel.

a) France

b) Republic of Ireland

c) Iceland

5. … is Northern Ireland’s capital and largest city.

a) Londonderry

b) Belfast

c) Newry

6. There are two official languages in Wales: English and ….

a) Gaelic

b) Welsh

c) French

7. William Shakespeare was born in ….

a) Sheffield

b) Stratford-on-Avon

c) Windsor

8. Almost all Prime Ministers of the UK studied in the …

a) Eton College

b) Winchester College

c) St. Paul’s School

9. … is the place where “The Beatles” began their musical career.

a) Manchester

b) Edinburgh

c) Liverpool

10. The most important rivers of Great Britain are the Thames, the Severn and the …

a) Clyde

b) Cam

c) Avon

11. The climate of the UK is typically ….

a) subtropical

b) maritime

c) subarctic

12. The population of the UK is about … million people.

a) 100

b) 80

c) 60

13. … is the capital of Scotland.

a) Edinburgh

b) Glasgow

c) Aberdeen

14. The official residence of the Sovereign which is situated in the countryside is …

a) Buckingham Palace

b) Holy rood Palace

c) Windsor Castle