II. Make an agenda of a Conference on Refrigeration, on Environmental Protection, on Air-Conditioning. 


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II. Make an agenda of a Conference on Refrigeration, on Environmental Protection, on Air-Conditioning.



III. Prepare for your speech at a Conference:

1) At the opening of the Conference

2) Speech for discussions

3) Speech for alterations in a resolution

4) Speech for expressing gratitude

Useful expressions:

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen

I am greatly honoured to be invited to address the Conference.

First of all I would like to...

Let me begin with...

I would like to talk in this paper about...

Now, after short introduction I would like to turn to the main part of the paper.

As far as I know...

According to this theory...

As I have already mentioned...

I would like to express agreement with the speaker.

I want to support very strongly the position of Dr....

I would like to give my views on this subject.

Unfortunately, I cannot agree with your final statement.

I am very sorry to have to say that I do not agree with Dr....

I am not sure that this approach is justified.

I would like to thank everybody here for their active participation in our discussion.

 

TEST A

(TO BE DONE AFTER UNIT 6)

I. VOCABULARY

1. Two-word expressions. Complete these:

1) mechanical... 5) refrigerating...

2) … plant 6) horse

3) ambient`... 7)... temperature

4) heat... 8)... oil

2. Continue the lists of words:

1) Refrigerants: ammonia,...

2) Parts of a compressor refrigerating machine: evaporator,

3) Processes in refrigerating machines: evaporation,...

3. Where can you see these abbreviations?
What do they mean?

Match abbreviations to correct places.

 

1. c/o a) at the bottom of the written page

2. ft b) in a text on refrigeration and air-conditioning

3. BTU c) in any special text

4. i.e. d) on an envelope

5. lb.

6. rpm.

7. P.T.O.

8. e.g.

9. psi.

10. in.

II. GRAMMAR

Choose the right verb forms

1) He... home from school yesterday evening when he... his friend (go, meet)

2) The high cost of energy since the 1970s... a significant factor in stimulating technical
challenges for the individual engineer (be).

3) Sometimes refrigeration... to freeze soil to facilitate excavation (use).

4) Valves... to regulate the flow of fluids (use).

5) Don't start yet. I.. you when to start (tell).

6) He... English since his childhood (learn)

7) She... her job three times this year (change)

8) The price of bread.. up (go).

2. What is the Infinitive of each verb:

taken, fallen, frozen, held, flown, drawn, done, given, been, driven, found, spoken, cost, meant

3. Make questions for the following sentences:

1) I have never been to New York.

2) There are many methods of bringing the refrigerating capacity into balance with the refrigerating load.

3) St.Paul's Cathedral was built in 1710.

4) Some installations require only one or two steps of capacity control, whereas others require a number of steps.

4. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets (Infinitive or Gerund):

1) I don't allow you (talk) to me like that.

2) I heard her (speak) to someone on the phone.

3) I'm tired of (sit) here (do) nothing.

4) I'd prefer (go) to the theatre tonight, rather than the cinema.

5) We all helped (do) the shopping.

6) I'd advise you (get) your hair cut before (go) for such a very important interview.

III. TRANSLATION PRACTICE

1. Translate into Ukrainian:

1) We know radio to have played a great role in human life.

2) The engineers want the new materials to be tested.

3) They consider the device to work with high accuracy.

4) The electric pressure of lightning causes the current to pass through the air.

5) Industrial electronics is considered to appear after World War II.

6) Electronic devices are known to be widely used in modern industry.

7) Being heated, a magnet loses some or all of its magnetism.

8) Electrical machines perform a giant's share of the work done today, this share steadily increasing.

9) The program proved to be incorrect.

10) Its having many advantages over other methods makes refrigeration extremely necessary in food processing.

2. Divide the following words into three groups: nouns, adjectives, verbs. Translate them:

3. communicate, separate, production, resistance, achievement, active, speciality, mixture, visible, contribute, characterize, disorder, mislead, co-existence, strengthen, central, measurable, electronic.

4. Translate the text:

OXYGEN

This gas is vital to life. It is needed by the body cells of all animals. It is also very useful in industry. The large amounts needed for industry are produced in a different way. One of the processes for producing oxygen is known as fractional distillation. Air is put into containers under great pressure. This turns it into liquid and makes it very cold. It is then gradually warmed up and each substance evaporates at a different temperature. The boiling point of oxygen is -183°C. It is caught and stored in strong steel cylinders at a pressure of 136 atmo­spheres.

IV. SPEECH PRACTICE

1. Match appropriate replies to these:

1. Can I borrow your pen? a) That's O.K.

2. Would you like a cup of tea? b) I'd love to.

3. How are you? c) I'm afraid not.

4. I'm so sorry! d) Not at all. You are welcome.

5. Thank you very much. e) Fine, thanks.

6. Have you got the right time? f) I'm just looking.

7. Can I help you? g) Here you are.

 

2. Use this diagram to give a brief description of domestic refrigerator's work:


evaporator

compressor


expansion valve


 

TEST В

(TO BE DONE AFTER UNIT 12)

I. VOCABULARY

1. Continue the lists of words:

1) Modes of heat transfer: radiation,

2) Temperature scales: Celsius,...

3) Parts of a compressor: piston,...

2. Match the synonyms:

wet application

fluid steam

environment humid

to utilize liquid

balance to use

velocity equilibrium

pipe to make

to force line

employment rate

vapour medium

3. Give the names of the processes discriptions of which are given below:

1) The process of removing heat from vapour so that it will begin to condense.

2) The process whereby the vapour is completely liquified or condensed.

3) A combination of four operations which take place in the compressor.

4) The process of completely evaporating that portion of the cold liquid refrigerant which is delivered through the expansion valve into the evaporator.

5) The process of increasing the temperature of the vapour after it has been completely vaporized by adding heat to it or by doing work upon it.

6) A process at which heat flow from the warmer to the colder body.

II. GRAMMAR

1. Put in the correct verb forms:

1) If you (feel) ill, you should go to the doctor.

2) If water (to be boiled), it would evaporate.

3) If that food (to be frozen), it would not have spoiled.

4) If the boss (to be) here, he would be working in the next room.

5) Gas could be liquefied if it (to be) compressed.

6) If he (to present) a thesis, he might have got a scientific degree.

2. Transform the following sentences with Elliptical Constructions into complex sentences
with all members:

1) This method is always used if possible.

2) Whatever the weather we go to the country at the weekend.

3) An electrical apparatus shouldn't be repaired while in use.

4) Use dictionaries, if any, for translation of these texts.

III. TRANSLATION PRACTICE1. Translate the text:

PRINCIPLE OF REFRIGERATION

The principle on which cold is generated is demonstrated by a well-known phenomenon. When a few drops of a volatile liquid (e.g. alcohol or ether) are poured on to the hand they produce a sensation of cold. The explanation is that the liquid evaporates, extracting the heat required for vaporization from the hand, which is thus cooled.

Similarly, in a refrigerating machine a liquid refrigerant is made to boil (or evaporate) at a low temperature in a cooling element (evaporator). The heat required for vaporization is extracted from the surroundings, which are thus cooled down.



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