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головне речення	підрядне умовне речення
присудок: should / would / could / might + Perfect Infinitive без частки to	форма присудка збігається з формою дієслова у Past Perfect дійсного способу

Утворення:

 

e.g. If he had entered the University, he would have become a chemist (але цього не сталося). Якщо б він поступив до університету, то став би хіміком.

If the machine hadn't been broken, we would have worked at it. Якщо б машина не була зламана, ми б працювали на ній.

Exercises:

I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Define the types of the Conditionals:

1. If he had come in time, this couldn't have happened.

2. In case he failed the exams, he would be excluded from the institute.

3. If one burnt 1 lb. of fuel and all the heat produced were used in heating water, it would be possible to increase the temperature of about 8 1/2 tons of water by 1°F.

4. If our Sun were far enough from us, it would look like a star.

5. If some means could be devised to convert the energy in fuels into work without the intermediate generation of heat, conversion efficiency could be considerably improved.

6. Provided the article were published, the author would get fee.

7. The peasants would not have gathered such crops, unless they had got all the necessary machines.

8. The Polar explorers wouldn’t have moved to another place, unless the ice had cracked.

9. If I were in your place I should start my work at once.

10.In case we had lost our way, in the city, we would have asked passers-by.

11.Provided the motor-car has a powerful engine it can move with great speed.

12.If you had applied your theoretical knowledge to your practical work you would have got a different result.

13.If the students had been more careful during the experiment they would not have broken the instrument.

14.If you study hard, you will know your subject well.

15.If you raise the temperature the water will evaporate.

16.If a body loses heat, this heat will transfer into energy.

17.We would have written the report if we had known about the conference beforehand.

18.You would be able to find a better job if you knew English.

19.We would have bought a car if we had more money.

20.If you read articles on your speciality you would know the subject much better.

II. Put in the correct verb-forms:

1. If you (to feel) ill, you should have visited the doctor.

2. If the bar magnet were broken into two, it (to retain) its magnetism.

3. If the Earth neither rotated nor revolved, one side always (to have) day and the other side always (to have) night.

4. Life couldn't exist on the Earth if there (to be) not heat and light radiating from the Sun.

5. What would you do if you (to win) a million pounds?

6. I would be very grateful if you (to help) me with the translation.

7. If he stopped smoking, he (to recover) soon.

8. It's raining cats and dogs. You will get wet if you (to go out) without umbrella.

9. If he gets the job, I (to be) very glad.

10. If the computer reaches a place with one batch (файл) of data where it can link the data to storage, printers or other devices, the computer (to begin) to process another batch.

Read and translate the following text:

HEAT TRANSFER

When two bodies are at different temperatures, heat will always flow from the warmer to the colder. There are three possible modes of heat transfer:

1. Radiation

2. Conduction

3. Convection

Radiation takes place between bodies separated by a medium such as air, which is permeable to radiation. When a body loses heat by radiation, this heat is transformed into radiant energy. When the radiant energy meets another body, part of its is converted back into heat.

Conduction takes place within a medium or between different media in contact with one another.

Some substances, e.g. metals are good conductors of heat, other substances, particularly porous materials of low density, are poor conductors.

Heat transfer by convection takes place between a flowing medium and a fixed wall, or between two flowing media. A special form of convective heat transfer occurs when the flowing medium changes state, as steam in a condenser.

The above-mentioned modes of heat transfer seldom appear as isolated phenomena; in general all three are present. A hot body loses heat to the surroundings by radiation, conduction and convection, and not by one mean only. Again, when heat is transferred from a fluid to a wall and given up to another fluid on the other side, there is a combination of modes of heat transfer.

Answer the questions:

1. What are the possible modes of heat transfer?

2. What is radiation?

3. Can you describe heat transfer by conduction?

4. How does heat transfer by convection take place?

5. Can you name the substances which are good conductors of heat?

6. Do you know the substances which are poor conductors of heat?