Monitoring of groundwater chemical status

2.4.1. Groundwater monitoring network

The groundwater monitoring network shall be established in accordance with the requirements

of Articles 7 and 8. The monitoring network shall be designed so as to provide a coherent and

comprehensive overview of groundwater chemical status within each river basin and to detect

the presence of long-term anthropogenically induced upward trends in pollutants.

On the basis of the characterisation and impact assessment carried out in accordance with Article

5 and Annex II, Member States shall for each period to which a river basin management plan

applies, establish a surveillance monitoring programme. The results of this programme shall be

used to establish an operational monitoring programme to be applied for the remaining period

of the plan.

Estimates of the level of confidence and precision of the results provided by the monitoring programmes

shall be given in the plan.

2.4.2. Sur veillance monitoring

Objective

Surveillance monitoring shall be carried out in order to:

— supplement and validate the impact assessment procedure,

— provide information for use in the assessment of long term trends both as a result of changes

in natural conditions and through anthropogenic activity.

Selection of monitoring sites

Sufficient monitoring sites shall be selected for each of the following:

— bodies identified as being at risk following the characterisation exercise undertaken in accordance

with Annex II,

— bodies which cross a Member State boundary.

Selection of parameters

The following set of core parameters shall be monitored in all the selected groundwater bodies:

— oxygen content

— pH value

— conductivity

— nitrate

— ammonium

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Bodies which are identified in accordance with Annex II as being at significant risk of failing

to achieve good status shall also be monitored for those parameters which are indicative of the

impact of these pressures.

Transboundary water bodies shall also be monitored for those parameters which are relevant

for the protection of all of the uses supported by the groundwater flow.

2.4.3. Operational monitoring

Objective

Operational monitoring shall be undertaken in the periods between surveillance monitoring

programmes in order to:

— establish the chemical status of all groundwater bodies or groups of bodies determined as

being at risk,

— establish the presence of any long term anthropogenically induced upward trend in the

concentration of any pollutant.

Selection of monitoring sites

Operational monitoring shall be carried out for all those groundwater bodies or groups of

bodies which on the basis of both the impact assessment carried out in accordance with

Annex II and surveillance monitoring are identified as being at risk of failing to meet objectives

under Article 4. The selection of monitoring sites shall also reflect an assessment of how

representative monitoring data from that site is of the quality of the relevant groundwater

body or bodies.

Frequent of monitoring

Operational monitoring shall be carried out for the periods between surveillance monitoring

programmes at a frequency sufficient to detect the impacts of relevant pressures

but at a minimum of once per annum.

2.4.4. Identification of trends in pollutants

Member States shall use data from both surveillance and operational monitoring in the identification

of long term anthropogenicallv induced upward trends in pollutant concentrations

and the reversal of such trends. The base year or period from which trend identification is to

be calculated shall be identified. The calculation of trends shall be undertaken for a body or,

where appropriate, group of bodies of groundwater. Reversal of a trend shall be demonstrated

statistically and the level of confidence associated with the identification stated.

2.4.5. Interpretation and presentation of groundwater chemical status

In assessing status, the results of individual monitoring points within a groundwater body

shall be aggregated for the body as a whole. Without prejudice to the Directives concerned, for

good status to be achieved for a groundwater body, for those chemical parameters for which

environmental quality standards have been set in Community legislation:

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— the mean value of the results of monitoring at each point in the groundwater body or group

of bodies shall be calculated, and

— in accordance with Article 17 these mean values shall be used to demonstrate compliance

with good groundwater chemical status.

Subject to point 2.5, Member States shall provide a map of groundwater chemical status, colourcoded

as indicated below:

Good: green

Poor: red

Member States shall also indicate by a black dot on the map, those groundwater bodies which

are subject to a significant and sustained upward trend in the concentrations of any pollutant

resulting from the impact of human activity. Reversal of a trend shall be indicated by a blue dot

on the map.

These maps shall be included in the river basin management plan.

Presentation of Groundwater Status

Member States shall provide in the river basin management plan a map showing for each groundwater

body or groups of groundwater bodies both the quantitative status and the chemical status

of that body or group of bodies, colour-coded in accordance with the requirements of points 2.2.4

and 2.4.5. Member States may choose not to provide separate maps under points 2.2.4 and 2.4.5

but shall in that case also provide an indication in accordance with the requirements of point

2.4.5 on the map required under this point, of those bodies which are subject to a significant and

sustained upward trend in the concentration of any pollutant or any reversal in such a trend.

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ANNEX VI

LISTS OF MEASURES TO BE INCLUDED WITHIN THE PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES

PART A

Measures required under the following Directives:

(i) The Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC);

(ii) The Birds Directive (79/409/ееС) ();

(iii) The Drinking Water Directive (80/778/EEC) as amended by Directive (98/83/EC);

(iv) The Major Accidents (Seveso) Directive (96/82/EC) ();

(v) The Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC) ();

(vi) The Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC) ();

(vii) The Urban Waste-water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC);

(viii) The Plant Protection Products Directive (91/414/EEC);

(ix) The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC);

(x) The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) ();

(xi) The Integrated Pollution Prevention Control Directive (96/61/EC).

PART В

The following is a non-exclusive list of supplementary measures which Member States within each

river basin district may choose to adopt as part of the programme of measures required under Article

11 (4):

(i) legislative instruments

(ii) administrative instruments

(iii) economic or fiscal instruments

(iv) negotiated environmental agreements

(v) emission controls

(vi) codes of good practice

(vii) recreation and restoration of wetlands areas

(viii) abstraction controls

1 OJ L 103, 25.4.1979, p. 1.

2 OJ L 10, 14.1.1997, p. 13.

3 OJ L 175, 5.7.1985, p. 40. Directive as amended by Directive 97/11/EC (OJ L 73, 14.3.1997, p. 5).

4 OJ L 181, 8.7.1986, p. 6.

5 OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7.

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(ix) demand management measures, inter alia, promotion of adapted agricultural production such as

low water requiring crops in areas affected by drought

(x) efficiency and reuse measures, inter alia, promotion of water-efficient technologies in industry

and water-saving irrigation techniques

(xi) construction projects

(xii) desalination plants

(xiii) rehabilitation projects

(xiv) artificial recharge of aquifers

(xv) educational projects

(xvi) research, development and demonstration projects

(xvii) other relevant measures

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ANNEX VII