Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Indefinite.

1. The children (to do) their homework. Now they can go to the skating rink.

2. You ever (to be) to Warsaw? – Yes, I (to be) there last year. 3. I already (to send) the telegram. 4. I (to send) the telegram yesterday. 5. I (not to see him) in January. 6. I (not to see) him since January. 7. We (not to receive) any letters from him lately. 8. They (to go) to the camp three days ago. 9. I just (to see) him. 10. You (to have) breakfast yet? 11. When you (to have) breakfast? 12. When you (to arrive) in Kiev? 13. He (to fall) asleep at half past seven. 14. I (to know) this engineer since I began to work at the plant. 15. At last I (to write) the composition; now I’ll go for a walk. 16. I (to get) up with a headache today and (to decide) to walk to my office instead of taking a bus. Now I am feeling much better. 17. You (to meet) any interesting people at the holiday camp? 18. She (not to have) a holiday for two years. 19. You (to enjoy) Mary’s singing? 20. Where you (to buy) these lovely gloves?

4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous:

1. We (to walk) ten kilometres. We (to walk) for three hours. 2. The driver (to drink). I think someone else ought to drive. 3. I (to sleep) on every bed in this house and I don’t like any of then. 4. I (to sleep) since ten o’clock. 5. The students (to work) well this term. 6. I only (to hear) from him twice since he went away. 7. I (to work) for him for ten years. 8. He (to teach) in this school for five years. 9. I (to teach) hundreds of students but I never (to meet) such a hopeless class as this. 10. You (to hear) the news. Tom and Ann are engaged! That is not new. I (to know) it for ages! 11. It (to rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play. 12. Why you (to make) such a horrible noise? I (to lose) my key and I (to try) to wake up my wife by throwing stones at her window. 13. This is the third time you (to be) here. 14. John (to learn) English for seven years, and at last he (to master) the irregular verbs. 15. Samantha (to drive) for years and she has never had an accident.

5. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using for or since:

1. I have been fishing ____ two hours. 2. J have been working in this office

____ a month. 3. They have been living in France ____1970. 4. I have known that ____ a long time. 5. That man has been standing there ____ six o’clock. 6. Things have changed ____ I was a child. 7. The kettle has been boiling ____

a quarter of an hour. 8. The central heating has been on ____ October. 9. He has been very ill ____ the last month. 10. I have been using this machine ____

twelve years. 11. We have been waiting ____ half an hour. 12. He has been in hospital ____ the accident. 13. He has not been speaking to me ____ the last meeting. 14. They have been on strike ____ November. 15. They have been quarreling ever ____ they got married.

6. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. What you (to look) at? – I (to look) at that picture over there. I (to look) at it for almost half an hour and I still can’t understand what it is. 2. What Mary (to do)? – She (to practice) the piano. She (to play) since 12 o’clock. 3. Here you are at last! I (to look) for you everywhere. 4. I see you (to write) letters since the morning. Is it the last letter you (to write) now? 5. You (to sit) here for a long time. You (to wait) for somebody? 6. How long you (to learn) English? – For three years already. 7. I (to work) at my report since Monday. Now I (to write) the conclusion. 8. She (to sleep) for ten hours! You must wake her! 9. It is six o’clock. I (to wait) for Ann for half an hour. I must be off. 10. David (to wash) his hands. He just (to repair) the TV-set.

7. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect, instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. Will you, please, lend me your pen for a moment? – I (to leave) mine at home and now (to have) nothing to write with. – Ann (not to write), she can give you her pen. 2. You (to read) “Earthlight” by Clark? – I (to read) it now, I (not to finish) it yet. It (to be) a very good book. I (to like) it very much. 3. We (to go) to the cafe tonight. You ever (to be) there? 4. Where (to be) Ann? – She (to be) in the kitchen. – What she (to do) there? – She (to wash up). 5. Don’t forget we (to have) a party tomorrow. 6. (to be) there anything matter with you? You (to be) so pale. – Nothing the matter. I just (to finish) my work and I (to be) a very tired. 7. Who (to play) the piano? – Mary still (to have) a music lesson. 8. Ring me up when you (to be) free. I (to have) to discuss with you. 9. I (not to hear) news yet. 10. Hurry up if you (to want) to go with me.

 

8. Use the Past Indefinite, the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous:

1. I was cold because I (to stand) in the snow for an hour. 2. He (to make) tea and (to eat) the biscuits which Mrs. Aberdeen (to bring). 3. The dog (to swim) in the river, so it was so wet. 4. When the three bears got back from their walk they noticed that someone (to sleep) in their bed. 5. When the cinema (to be) over they (to go) for a walk across dark, damp fields. 6. When we got home, the police (to wait) for us for half an hour. 7. She (to work) all the morning, so she was so exhausted. 8. He (to tell) me that they (to be) at the same public school and (to be) friends ever since. 9. The house (to be) much smaller than he (to think) at first. 10. The children (to play) outside for an hour when it began to rain. 11. He told me that he (to be) tired because he (to drive) since eight o’clock this morning. 12. She didn’t realize where she (to be) and what (to happen). 13. My mother (to make) sandwiches in the kitchen and she (not to hear) the bell. 14. After he (to leave) the school he (can) not find a job and he (to decide) to go to New York. 15. He (to think) that he (to see) this face somewhere before.

 

9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Continuous:

Example: When I (see) Tom tomorrow, I (invite) him to our party.

When I see Tom tomorrow, I will invite him to our party.

1. Before you (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows. 2. I (phone) you as soon as I (arrive) in London. 3. Please don’t touch anything before the police (come). 4. Everyone (be) very surprised if he (pass) the examination. 5. When you (see) Brian again, you (not/recognize) him. 6. We (not/start) dinner until Jack (arrive). 7. (you/be) lonely without me while I (be) away? 8. If I (need) any help, I (ask) you. 9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) annoyed if we (be) late. 10. What do you think you (to do) at this time next year? 11. I (to finish) this work by tomorrow evening. 12. By next winter they (to build) four houses in that field. 13. The train (to leave) before we (to reach) the station. 14. By the end of my university course I (to attend) 1200 lectures. 15. By the end of my term I (to read) all twelve volumes. 16. This spring our family doctor (to treat) our family for ten years. 17. Students (to write) the test when the dean (to enter). 18. In ten minutes Patric (to translate) this article for three hours. 19. The farmers (to gather) crops next month. 20. In a few days Jessica (to write) this book for a year.

Варіант 2

1. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Continuous or Present Indefinite:

Example: My mother (not/play) the piano now. – My mother is not playing the piano mow.

She (play) the piano in the morning. – She plays the piano in the morning.

1. I (read) books in the evening. 2. Your father (work) at this factory? 3. How is your brother? – He (not/be) well, but his health (improve) day after day. 4. She usually (do) her homework at home, but now she (do) it at the library. 5. My sister (like) sweets, but she (not/eat) sweets now. 6. Where you (go) now? – I (go) to the library to prepare for my exams. 7. They (not/go) for a walk in the evening. 8. Listen! Who (play) in the next room? 9. What the children (do)? – They (play) in the street. 10. I (like) coffee, but I (not/drink) it in the evening. 11. Look! The baby (sleep). 12. I usually (get) up at seven o`clock in the morning? 13. He (read) in three languages, and now he (read) an English novel. 14. Don`t enter the room. Father (work) there now.

2. Put the verb into the correct form: Past Continuous or Past Indefinite:

1. What you (to do) at 5 o’clock yesterday? 2. When I (to see) him, he (to stand) in the street. 3. When I (to ring) up my friend, he (to sleep). 4. On Sunday when I (to come) from work I (to meet) a strange man. 5. Yesterday, while Hanna (to read), Sam (to think) about his future. 6. When I (to prepare) my lunch, I (to cut) my finger. 7. She (to wait) for her sister when I (to come). 8. When I (to go) out the sun (to shine). 9. He (to go) to the University when I (to meet) him 10. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) in the yard. 11. Last year I (to visit) Great Britain. 12. The boy (to fall) and (to hurt) himself when he (to play) in the yard. 13. When she (to watch) TV, she (to fall) asleep. 14. They (to come) in when I (to have) dinner with my sister.

3. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Indefinite:

1.A month ago my uncle (to build) a house in the country. 2. He (to forget) to close the door. 3. She just (to have) lunch. 4. They (to see) this film a week ago. 5. I don’t think I ever (to see) such a beautiful garden as this one. 6. Where is Tom? – He (to leave) for Paris. 7. The sun (not/to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute. 8. I never (to hear) this story from my friend. 9. You (to receive) a letter from your parents this week? 10. The new school (to begin) working last week. 11. When you (to meet) him last? 12. I (to lose) my textbook and can not remember when I last (to see) it. 13. Where you (to spend) your holiday? 14. I (not/to visit) this place. 15. He (to write) several letters this week. 16. Old George (not to be) here for years. 17. A few months ago they (to pull) down some old houses in our street and (to begin) to build a new block of flats. 18. Do you remember her name, or you (to forget) it? 19. The police (to investigate) the crime this week. 20. The students (to perform) this play twice last year.

4. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous:

1. Since I last met you, I (to visit) some very interesting places. 2. The birds (to sing) since morning. 3. You ever (to see) any elephants? 4. I (to know) him for a long time, so he is my oldest friend. 5. Your English (to improve) since I started to teach you. 6. My friend already (to find) a job. 7. She (to have) breakfast for ten minutes. 8. I (to wait) for you for a long time. 9. I (to stay) at this hotel since last February. 10. This article is difficult. She (to translate) it for two hours. 11. He (to prepare) for his exams for a week. 12. You (to prepare) the lunch yet? 13. He (to look) for this book for an hour and can not find it. 14. You ever (to be) to France? 15. It (to rain) since the morning and I can not go for walk.

 

5. Fill the space in the following sentences by using for or since:

1. I have known him... ages. 2. We have been playing tennis … half an hour. 3. I have been saving money … that accident. 4. He has been working here … he finished school. 5. She has not been cleaning her shoes … three days. 6. They have been studying English … two years. 7. It has been raining … the beginning of May. 8. His wife has changed a lot … the last time we met. 9. We have lived here … many years. 10. My parents have been building the villa … a year. 11. David has been preparing to this party … morning. 12. Karen has been cooking … half a day. 13. We have no gas ____ the strike began. 14. I have earned my own living ____ I left the school. 15. Nobody has seen him ____ last week.

 

6. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. My father (to work) at this factory for fifteen years. 2. Have you found your note-book? – No! I still (to look) for it. 3. You (to play) with a ball for already two hours. 4. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours. 5. The baby still (to sleep). 6. The weather is bad today. It (to rain). 7. What they (to do) now? – They (to prepare) for their exams. 8. She is busy. She (to write) her сomposition. 9. He (to teach) English for five years. 10. What you (to do) since morning? – We (to clean) our room.

7. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1.I (not/to receive) any letters from my parents yet. 2. She still (to look) for a job, but (not/to find) it yet. 3. What they (to do) now? – They (to work) in the garden. 4. He (to plant) trees now. He already (to plant) five trees. 5. Where is Tom? – He (to visit) France. He (to like) travelling. He already (to visit) ten countries. 6. What you (to do) now? – I (to read). I already (to read) ten pages.

7. Now he (to do) his homework. He already (to do) five exercises. 8. This woman (to be) a painter. She (to paint) now a picture. She already (to paint) twenty pictures. 9. He (to like) to write poems. He already (to write) three poems. 10. He still (to speak) with a strong Swiss accent.

 

8. Use the Past Indefinite, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous:

1. He (to work) there some time when that accident (to happen). 2. He told us that they (to live) here since they had left Paris. 3. This woman complained she (to have) trouble with her eldest son for a long time. 4. He was told that his sister (to leave) England and (to go) to the States. 5. When they (to open) the safe, they (to find) that someone already (to take) the documents. 6. After I (to work) for some time, I heard a knock at the door. 7. When I looked out, I (to find) it (to snow) all night. 8. I remembered I (to leave) my umbrella in the kitchen. 9. I (to come) to London several times before the war. 10. When I came back, she already (to prepare) the dinner. 11. After he (to read) “Golden Lake” he (to tell) all his friends that he never (to read) a better book. 12. Robert (to say) he (to come) back an hour ago. 13. She (to go) back to take her gloves and bag which she (to leave) on the hall table. 14. He (to read) a half an hour before the telephone rang. 15. The boys were tired because they (to play) the football all the morning.

 

9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Continuous:

Example: When I (see) Tom tomorrow, I (invite) him to our party.

When I see Tom tomorrow, I will invite him to our party.

1. Don’t come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) a composition the whole evening. 2. I always (to finish) my work by six o’clock. 3. Tomorrow I (to finish) my work by seven o’clock. 4. Tomorrow I (to finish) my work before he comes. 5. I (not/to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening. 6. I’ll be content when I (to achieve) my aim, but not before. 7. Do you think they (to sleep) all when I arrive? 8. In a minute I (to wait) here three hours! 9. You (to stay) here by next year? 10. When you (to go) to see your friend next time? 11. In a week Roger (to teach) at this university for thirty five years. 12. At this time tomorrow morning I (to sit) at the lecture. 13. In a week the firm (to build) this municipal house for a year. 14. In May 2010 Wagner (to dance) at the stage for ten years. 15. Professor (to read) tree lectures in June. 16. They (to dig) potatoes at this time next autumn. 17. The girls (to play) basketball if Tommy (to bring) the ball. 18. You (to wait) for her until she (to sing) this paper. 19. Norma (to knit) the sweater by June. 20. By this spring Mr. Berry (to travel) abroad for a year.

 

Варіант №3

1. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Continuous or Present Indefinite:

Example: My mother (not/play) the piano now. – My mother is not playing the piano now.

She (play) the piano in the morning. – She plays the piano in the morning.

1. I (not/drink) coffee now. 2. The baby always (sleep) after lunch. 3. Your friend (go) to school in the morning? 4. Where is John? – He (play) football in the yard. 5. What that woman (do) there? – She (sell) vegetables. 6. Where your cousin (work)? – He (work) at a hospital. 7. We (not/go) to the country in winter. 8. Look at the sky: the clouds (move) slowly, the sun (appear) from behind the clouds, it (get) warmer. 9. Where John (live)? 10. He (not/help) her mother every day. 11. They (not/read) in the morning. 12. They (read) now? 13. Mary (not/sleep) now? 14. I (not/like) milk at all.

 

2. Put the verb into the correct form: Past Continuous or Past Indefinite:

1. I (to go) to the institute yesterday when I (to see) a house on fire. 2. My sister (to play) the piano from 5 till 6 yesterday. 3. I (to see) that Kat (to sit) in the nearest table. 4. When I (to awake) in the morning it (to snow). 5. He (not/ to notice) me, because he (to read). 6. When I (come) into the kitchen my mother (to cook). 7. When the phone (to ring) he (to have) breakfast. 8. We (to wash) the floor yesterday. 9. Last year he (to go) to the United States. 10. He (not/to sleep) when his father (to come) home. He (to watch) a film. 11. I (not/to go) out last night, because it (to rain). 12. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table. 13. When I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy. 14. She (to live) with her family in the north when she (to meet) John.

3. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Indefinite:

1.The bank (to transfer) the money an hour ago. 2. You (to meet) any interesting people at the holiday camp? 3. She (not to have) a holiday for two years. 4. You (to enjoy) Mary’s singing? 5. Where you (to buy) these lovely gloves? 6. Why you (to shut) your book? Please open it again. 7. I hear you just (to get) married. When the ceremony (to take) place? 8. Old George (not to be) here for years. 9. A few months ago they (to pull) down some old houses in our street and (to begin) to build a new block of flats. 10. Do you remember her name, or you (to forget) it? 11. Myfather knows so much because he (to travel) a lot.12.I just (to come) home. 13. I never (to be) to Washington.14. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 15. The weather (to change), and I can not go for a walk. 16. Why you (to shut) your book? Please open it again. 17. I hear you just (to get) married. When the ceremony (to take) place? 18. We just (to stop) the taxi. 19. Boris (to fish) in the lake on Tuesday. 20. Thomas (to sail) to this island today.

4. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous:

1. I (to write) the letter, so perhaps you would post it for me. 2. You look very upset. What (to happen)? 3. He should not drive this evening. He (to drink). 4. The dinner must be nearly ready. She (to cook) it for nearly an hour. 5. You (not/to finish) this book yet? You (to read) it for more than a week. 6. I wonder if John (to forget) my number. 7. I am sorry we are late. You (to wait) long? 8. How long you (to know) the truth? 9. You (to bring) me this book? 10. I (to find) already a lot of interesting articles. 11. They (to play) the chess since the morning. 12. I suppose you (to tell) her this story? 13. He (to study) at the Academy for three years. 14. He (to sleep) for ten hours. 15. Since I (to work) here, I (to meet) several of your friends.

 

5. Fill the space in the following sentences by using for or since:

1. We have been waiting ____ half an hour. 2. He has been in hospital ____ the accident. 3. He has not been speaking to me ____ the last meeting. 4. They have been on strike ____ November. 5. They have been quarreling ____ they got married. 6. I have been awake ____ four o’clock. 7. I have been awake ____ a long time. 8. We have no gas ____ the strike began. 9. I have earned my own living ____ I left the school. 10. Nobody has seen him ____ last week. 11. They have been planning their holiday … a year. 12. She has been learning Spanish … her childhood. 13. Charles has been driving … ten years. 14. Lisa has been eating too much … the last two years. 15. We have been trying to reach you … three hours. Where have you been?

6. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 2. What they (to do) now? – They (to work) in the reading-room. They (to work) there for already three hours. 3. Where is he now? – He is in the garden. He (to play) in volley-ball with his friends. 4. I (to live) here since 1990. 5. She (to do) her homework for two hours. 6. I (to wait) for you since two o’clock. 7. What you (to do)? – I (to read). I (to read) for three hours. 8. What you (to do) here since morning? 9. They (to cook) dinner together at the moment. 10. She always helps her mother and now she (to wash) the floor.

 

7. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. Where your gloves (to be)? – I (to put) them into my pocket. 2. The weather is fine today. The sun (to shine). 3. I just (to receive) a letter from my granny. 4. It is difficult for me to speak about opera as I (not/to hear) it. 5. Mary is a very good girl. She always (to help) her mother. She (to help) her now. 6. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He already (to write) eight books. 7. The family (to live) in the same house for three years. 8. What you (to eat). Your lips and chin are purple! 9. You (to find) this magazine? – No! I still (to look), but (not/to find) it. 10. I (to work) for my firm for twenty years.

8. Use the Past Indefinite, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous:

1. They (to walk) in the garden when the storm broke out. 2. When we (to come) home, we (to find) that someone (to break) into the garage and (to steal) the car. 3. By that time the twins (to sleep) for two hours. 4. Although she (to feel) very poorly all day she (to decide) to go out in the evening. 5. He (live) in Iverness for many years when the event took place. 6. Until last year he never (to see) snow on the hills. 7. When they (to finish), they handed in their drawings. 8. After I had done all my work I (to go) home. 9. When I looked out I (to see) the children playing in the yard. 10. Because he (to fail), he was most depressed. 11. He (to translate) this article when I came. 12. I (to work) for this company for five years before I was fired. 13. He (to write) the letter before I came. 14. She (to study) English for two hours when he entered the room. 15. After they (to have) lunch they went out.

 

9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Continuous:

Example: When I (see) Tom tomorrow, I (invite) him to our party.

When I see Tom tomorrow, I will invite him to our party.

1. I (to do) my homework tomorrow. 2. I (to do) my homework at six o’clock tomorrow. 3. I usually (to do) my homework in the evening. 4. I (to do) my homework by six o’clock tomorrow. 5. I (to do) my homework for an hour before you come. 6. I (to wait) for you at the hotel at midday tomorrow. 7. I (to finish) everything by the time you get back. 8. I wonder what I (to do) at this time tomorrow. 9. Please show me the painting when you (to complete) it. 10. I (to see) you next week? I would like to know it for certain. 11. When I (to come) home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper. 12. What you (to do) tomorrow? 13. We (to play) volley-ball for an hour tomorrow before he comes. 14. I (to write) all my letters by seven o’clock tomorrow. 15. Don’t enter my room tomorrow, I (to work) the whole evening. 16. Next year Mrs. Pearson (to give) music lessons for twenty years. 17. Colin (to fish) at this time next week. 18. Deborah will come, as soon as you (to phone) her. 19. What you (to see) if you (to visit) Paris? 20. I hope they (to discuss) the problem by the time we (to come).

 

 

PASSIVE VOICE

ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН

 

Якщо підмет, що означає особу або предмет, виконує дію, то дієслово-присудок вживається в активному стані.
My brother wrote this letter yesterday. Мій брат написав листа вчора.
She washed the dishes an hour ago. Вона вимила посуд годину тому.
Якщо підмет, що означає особу чи предмет, піддається дії з боку іншої особи чи предмета, то дієслово-присудок вживається в пасивному стані.
This letter was written yesterday. Листа написано вчора.
The dishes were washed an hour ago. Посуд вимито годину тому.
Коли змінюється стан, додаток стає підметом з присудком у пасивному стані, а підмет – додатком з прийменниками by чи with.
Mr. Smith teaches this class. – This class is taught by Mr. Smith.
Додаток з прийменником by виражає особу чи силу, що діє, а додаток з прийменником with – предмет, за допомогою якого виконується дія:
The fire was put out by the firemen (by the rain).
The fire was put out with water.
Для англійської мови характерні також речення з дієсловом-присудком у пасивному стані, але без виробника дії.
English is spoken here. Тут розмовляють англійською.

 

	Present	Past	Future
Indefinite to be V3	Am is built are будуються кожного року, завжди	was built were збудувалися в минулому році	Will be built збудуються наступного року
Continuous to be being V3	am is being built are будуються зараз	was being built were будувались, коли він приїхав	Вживається Future Indefinite
Perfect to have been V3	have been built has збудовано вже, в цьому році	had been built збудовано до того, як я приїхав	will have been built збудують до січня
Perfect Continuous	Вживається Present Perfect	Вживається Past Perfect	Вживається Future Perfect

 

Усі часові форми пасивного стану в анлійській мові утворюються з відповідних часів допоможного дієслова to be та дієприкметника минулого часу основного дієслова (3 форма дієслова). Часові форми пасивного стану вживаються за тими ж правилами, що й часові форми активного стану.

Часові форми групи Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous у пасивному стані не вживаються. Замість часових форм Perfect Continuous вживаються відповідні часові форми групи Perfect та замість Future Continuous – Future Indefinite або активні форми цих часів.

 

	Active voice	Passive voice
Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect	They serve dinner at 6.30 They served dinner. They will serve dinner. They are serving dinner now. They were serving dinner. They have served dinner. They had served dinner. They will have served dinner.	Dinner is served at 6.30 Dinner was served. Dinner will be served. Dinner is being served now. Dinner was being served. Dinner has been served. Dinner had been served Dinner will have been served

 

Для вираження пасивного стану після модальних дієслів вживається пасивна форма інфінітива, яка утворюється з інфінітива дієслова to be та дієприкметника минулого часу основного дієслова.

Our work must be finished as soon as possible.

This book can be bought in any bookshop.

This article ought to be translated at once.

 

В українській мові в пасивному стані вживаються тількі перехідні дієслова (тобто дієслова, що мають додаток, який відповідає на питання кого? що?). В англійській мові пасивний стан вживається значно ширше, тому що не тільки перехідні дієслова, але і неперехідні дієслова з закріпленними прийменниками можуть вживатися в пасивному стані.

Наприклад:

to account for − пояснювати, давати звіт у комусь, звітувати;

to argue about − сперечатися про щось;

to (dis)approve of − (не)схвалювати щось, чогось;

to agree upon − домовлятися про щось;

to arrive at − досягати чогось;

to bring up − виховувати;

to comment on (upon) − коментувати щось;

to call for – заходити за кимось, вимагати, замовляти;

to depend on − залежати від чогось;

to dream of − мріяти про щось;

to deal with − мати справу з кимось, стосуватись чогось;

to hear from – отримувати звістку;

to insist on/upon − наполягати на чомусь;

to laugh at − сміятися, насміхатися над чимось;

to listen to − слухати щось, когось;

to look at − дивитися на щось;

to look after − наглядати за кимось, піклуватися;

to look for − шукати;

to look up/upon − дивитися як на, вважати за;

to look through − переглянути, передивитися;

to operate on − оперувати когось;

to pay for − платити за щось;

to provide for − передбачати щось;

to rely on − покладатися на когось;

to refer to − посилатися на щось;

to speak/ talk about − говорити, розмовляти про когось, щось;

to speak/ talk to − говорити, розмовляти з кимось;

to speak of − відгукуватись про когось, щось;

to send for − посилати за кимось;

to spy on − шпигувати, стежити за кимось;

to take care of − піклуватися про когось;

to touch on/upon – торкатися чогось;

to wait for − чекати когось, щось;

to think of − думати про щось, когось;

He is often sent for. – За ним часто посилають.

She was looked at. – На неї подивились.

This event is commented upon in this article. – Ця подія коментується в

цій статті.

Прийменник “OF” вживається в значенні “ із” для позначення речовини та матеріалу, з якого виготовлено предмет:

The ring is made of gold. Обручка виготовлена з золота.

Якщо речовина або матеріал у процесі переробки трансформуються в іншу речовину або матеріал, то вживається прийменник “ FROM ”:

Cheese is made from milk. Сир виготовлено з молока.

На українську мову дієслова в пасивному стані перекладаються:

а) дієсловом з часткою -ся(сь):

Business letters are usually written Ділові папери звичайно пишуться

on special forms. на спеціальних бланках.

б) сполученням дієслова бути з дієслівними формами на -но, -то в безособових реченнях:

The matter will be discussed at Це питання буде обговорено на

the next meeting. наступних зборах.

The house was built last year. Будинок було збудовано торік.

в) дієсловом в активному стані в неозначно-особових реченнях:

I was given a book. Мені дали книгу.

Such success has never been Про такий успіх ніхто і не мріяв.

dreamed of.

д) особовим реченням з дієсловом в активному стані:

They were invited by my friend. Їх запросив мій друг.

EXERCISES

1. Change the following into the Passive Voice. Leave out the subject of action.

Example: They grow wheat here. – Wheat is grown here.

a) 1. The girls water the flowers every day. 2. They publish this magazine in Paris. 3. We don`t discuss this question at our meeting. 4. I do my bed every day. 5. They collect taxes every day. 6. We type letters every day. 7. He grinds coffee every day.

b) 1. I am doing the bad. 2. I am opening the window. 3. I am dusting the room. 4. I am sweeping the floor. 5. I am cleaning my dress. 6. I am polishing my shoes.

c) 1. Mary wrote a letter to her friend. 2. Then she took it to the post-office.

3. She did her homework. 4. She translated two exercises. 5. And finally she learnt the dialogue by heart. 6. Somebody built this castle in the 16h century.

d) 1. I have put the plates, knives and spoons on the table. 2. I have placed the bread-basket in the middle of the table. 3. My brother has cut the bread. 4. I have not taken napkins from the drawer. 5. Mary has lost her key. 6. Someone has broken my pencil.

e) 1. We will invite him to take the part in the concert. 2. The teacher will correct our dictations tomorrow. 3. His assistant will meet the delegation. 4. She will have put the letter in the envelope before she posts it. 5. They will have finished their lunch before we arrive. 6. The writer will have written his boor by next year.

f) 1. You should take these tablets before meals. 2. You must wash colored clothes separately. 3. The workers can finish the building of the house very soon.

4. You can do this work in three days. 5. You can find the book you need in any library. 6. I can easily forgive this mistake.

 

2. Translate:

I. Indefinite

1. Продукти купують щосуботи. 2. Нові авто купуються Говардом (Howard) щороку. 3. М’ясо продається фермером. 4. У футбол грають тричі на тиждень. 5. Гроші рахуються мамою, а заробляються татом. 6. Супутники (satellite) запускаються (launch) регулярно. 7. Ключі загублені вранці. 8. Хліб з’їли миші. 9. Вино було випито моїм другом. 10. Акції (share) продали вчора. 11. Пальто було залишене Патріком. 12. Рибу заморожено вчора. 13. Депутатів оберуть через 4 роки. 14. Капітал зароблять через рік. 15. Фільм покажуть наступного тижня. 16. Не турбуйся! Діти будуть нагодовані через 20 хвилин. 17. Цю пісню завжди співала мама. 18. Урожай (crop) буде зібрано у серпні. 19. Галявину (lawn) косять щотижня. 20. Злочинця було ув’язнено минулого тижня.

II. Continuous

1. Мої книги зараз друкуються. 2. Машину зараз ремонтують. 3. Одяг зараз прасують (to iron). 4. Торт пекли вчора. Зараз готують тістечка. 5. Мою проблему зараз вирішують. Проблеми Теда вирішили вчора. 6. Наші тести зараз перевіряються. Завтра будуть перевіряти тести іншої групи. 7. Книгу писали, коли я був у Лондоні. Її надрукують наступного року. 8. Овочі чистились татом, коли прийшли діти. Обід було приготовано годину тому. 9. Підлогу якраз мили, коли мама увійшла. 10. Пацієнта оперували вчора з 10-ї до 12-ї. 11. Сукню приміряли, коли я була там. Зараз швачка її закінчує (dress maker). 12. Пісню співали, коли гості увійшли. 13. Вчора, коли ми прийшли, двір підмітався дідусем. 14. Цей дім будували, коли ми переїхали сюди. 15. Врожай збирався фермерами, в цей час, минулого року. 16. Рибу зараз готують. 17. Яблучний пиріг пікся, коли я увійшов на кухню. 18. У кінотеатрах зараз показують цей фільм. 19. Це питання зараз обговорюють на семінарі. 20. Дорогу ремонтували, коли ми їхали до Києва.

III. Perfect

1. Дерева посадили в цьому році. 2. Кішку щойно скупано. 3. Сукню вже продано. 4. Гриби ще не підсмажили. 5. Сьогодні випили весь сік. 6. Гроші нещодавно витрачено. 7. Його ще не запросили. 8. Кури були нагодовані до того, як прийшла мама. 9. Квіти були полито до того, як повернулася Катя. 10. Усі дерева були посаджено до суботи. 11. Обід було приготовано до приходу тата. 12. Яблука були зірвані до того, як почався дощ. 13. Паркан було пофарбовано до 7 години. 14. Цей фільм будуть показувати до понеділка. 15. Сукню буде пошито до суботи. 16. Ручки та олівці будуть куплені до 1-го вересня. 17. Школа буде побудована до вересня. 18. Книгу буде прочитано до суботи. 19. Листа буде написано до 7-ї години. 20. Посилку буде отримано до наступного тижня.

 

3. Put the verb into correct form:

a) 1. The room (to clean) every day. 2. The room (to clean) already. 3. The room (to clean) when we arrived. 4. The room (to clean) yesterday. 5. The room (to clean) at the moment. 6. The room (to clean) before we arrive. 7. The room (to clean) tomorrow. 8. The room (to clean) before we arrived.

b) 1. The letter (to type) in an hour. 2. The letter (to type) before you leave.

3. The letter (to type) when he came. 4. The letter (to type) 2 hours ago. 5. The letter (to type) before he came. 6. Letters (to type) every day. 7. The letter (to type) now. 8. The letter (not to type) yet.

 

4. a) Fill in “by” or “with”:

1. I was hit … an umbrella. 2. I was hit … an old lady. 3. The fence was painted … a friend of mine. 4. The fence was painted … a new kind of paint. 5. The lock was broken … a hammer. 6. The book was written … my favorite author. 7. The cake was decorated … icing. 8. The tiger was shot … a gun. 9. The alarm system was damaged … thieves. 10. Jake was dismissed … his boss. 11. The house was ruined … the storm. 12. Most children are strongly influenced… their parents. 13. The jam sandwiches were made … white bread. 14. The show was presented … Mr. Jones. 15. The parcels were tied … string. 16. The meal was eaten … chopsticks. 17. The song was performed … Madonna. 18. This awful mess was made … Carol`s dog. 19. The football fans were observed … the police. 20. My hair was cut … a top stylist. 21. The goal was scored … Liverpool`s youngest player. 22. The beds were made up … clean sheets. 23. The supermarket trolley was filled … cat and dog food. 24. My camera was loaded … a black and white film. 25. Our leaking roof is being fixed … the builders.

b) Fill in “from” or “of”:

1. My watch is made … steel. 2. Wine is made … grapes 3. House is built … brick. 4. The sweater is made … wool. 5. Knives are generally made … steel.

6. Bread is made … flour. 7. Cheese is made … milk.

5. Change the following into the Passive Voice:

1. Somebody stole my bag at the stop. 2. The police have arrested three man.

3.The bill includes services. 4. People don`t use this road very often. 5. They cancelled all flights because of fog. 6. Somebody accused me of stealing the money. 7. They are building a new ring-road round the city. 8. I didn`t realize that somebody was recording our conversation. 9. They have changed the date of meeting. 10. Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street. 11. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. 12. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. 13. We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready. 14. I think they should offer Tom the job. 15. The storm damaged these houses last night.

6. Translate into English:

а) 1. Це питання завжди обговорюється. 2. Це питання обговорювалося вчора. 3. Це питання обговорюється зараз. 4. Це питання обговорювалося вчора з 5-ї до 6-ї. 5. Це питання вже обговорювалося. 6. Це питання буде обговорюватися завтра. 7. Це питання обговорювалося до того, як ви прийшли. 8. Це питання буде обговорюватися до того, як ви підете.

б) 1. Цю передачу дивляться багато людей. 2. Його спіймали до того, як він намагався перетнути кордон. 3. Проблеми завжди вирішуються. 4. Зараз тут вивчають англійську. 5. Гроші вже вам відправлені. 6. Податки утримуються кожного місяця. 7. Гра буде виграна. 8. Мене дуже часто запрошують на вечірки. 9. Це місто було засновано в 15 сторіччі. 10. Підручники вже продані. 11. Йому запропонували квиток на концерт. 12. Міст було зруйновано, перш ніж ми прибули туди. 13. Наші диктанти вже перевірені. 14. Наші диктанти перевіряються зараз. 15. Диктанти були перевірені вчора до нашого уроку. 16. Диктанти мають бути перевірені завтра. 17. Цю роботу можна було б зробити вчора. 18. Цю роботу можна зробити зараз. 19. Телеграму слід відправити сьогодні. 20. Твою сестру слід навчити гарним манерам.

7. Translate into English:

а) 1. Будинки будують із цегли. 2. Будівництво цього замку було закінчено до 1602 року. 3. Будинок будують зараз. 4. Замок було збудовано в 1602 році. 5. Цей будинок було збудовано, перш ніж ми приїхали. 6. Ці будинки будуватимуть наступного року. 7. Цей палац буде збудовано до вашого від’їзду. 8. Будинок вже збудовано. Ми можемо переїжджати.

б) 1. Делегацію було зустріто вчора. 2. Каву принесуть за кілька хвилин. 3. Робота була зроблена вчасно. 4. Собаку часто залишають без їжі. 5. Книга перекладається зараз. 6. Статтю вже надрукували. 7. Книга вже була перекладена до того часу. 8. Книга буде перекладена до того часу. 9. Робота має бути зроблена вчасно. 10. Книга може бути перекладена за місяць. 11. Ці товари продавалися, коли ми приїхали. 12. Обіцянки повинні виконуватися. 13. Посуд треба вимити. 14. Ця картина намальована великим художником. 15. Ця картина вже намальована. 16. Посуд можна було б вимити учора. 17. Посуд слід вимити зараз. 18. Цю статтю слід перекласти сьогодні. 19. Каву можна було б принести раніше. 20. Собаку не слід залишати без їжі.

 

8. Translate:

а) 1. The late arrival of the steamer is accounted for by a storm on the sea. 2. The terms were agreed upon. 3. We hope that an agreement will be arrived at. 4. This event is commented upon in today’s newspapers. 5. These terms were insisted upon. 6. He was laughed at. 7. He was listened to attentively. 8. She was looked at with surprise. 9. Payment in cash is provided for by the contract. 10. This book is often referred to. 11. This man can be relied on. 12. The book is very much spoken of. 13. The doctor will be sent for. 14. His child is well taken care of. 15. He has always been looked up to us as a high authority on all questions pertaining to art. 16. This utterance was responded to by the remainder of the company. 17. He went West after returning to America from Europe and for years has not been heard from. 18. As French was constantly spoken around him, he soon became familiar enough with the language to understand a great deal of what was said. 19. This arrangement was finally agreed upon. 20. We kept our reserves till the moment they were called for.

б) 1. Якщо хворому не стане краще, вранці пошлють за лікарем. 2. Над бідною дитиною завжди сміються. 3. В інституті про нього завжди згадували та говорили. 4. Про вас щойно говорили. 5. За директором вже послали. Підождіть трохи. 6. Ці листи проглянуті можна відправляти. 7. На наших заняттях багато уваги приділяється вимові. 8. Тебе щукають. Йди додому. 9. Чому над ним посміялись? 10. Лекції цього відомого професора завжди слухають з великою увагою. 11. На який підручник ви посилаєтесь в своїй доповіді. 12. ЇЇ слухали неуважно і все, що вона сказала, було незабаром забуто. 13. Про цей епізод багато говорять у нашому домі. 14. За ліками вже послали? – Так, їх шукають.15. На його чесність можна покластися. 16. На його книгу посилаються всі ті, хто працює над цією проблемою. 17. Вона завжди почувала себе незручно, коли на неї дивилися. 18. За квитки слід терміново. сплатити. 19. Він був єдиною дитиною в родині і про нього дуже добре піклувалися. 20. Дуже важливих питань торкаються в цій статті. 21. Ця книга не була готова. ЇЇ тільки переглянули. 22. Не турбуйтесь! За вашим багажем наглянуть. 23. Якась домовленість буде досягнута? 24. Я впевнений, на цьому разпорядженні будуть наполягати. 25. Де ти був? Тебе всюди шукають.

 

 

T E S T: 5

Variant 1

1. Since ancient time silver … to human beings.

a) is known; c) is being known;

b) has been known; d) has been knowing.

2. Next month all the letters ….

a) were sent; c) have been sent;

b) will be sent; d) are to sent.

3. This car … to use less petrol than any other.

a) designs; c) was designed;

b) has designed; d) was designing.

4. Chicory … and mixed with coffee to make a darker beverage.

a) is grinded; c) is ground;

b) is grind; d) is grinden.

5. The day before yesterday we … to the restaurant by Tom Jenkins.

a) are invited; c) were invited;

b) invite; d) had been invited.

6. Look! The bridge ….

a) is being repaired; c) is been repaired;

b) has being repaired; d) was being repaired.

7. The letter and the parcel … tomorrow.

a) will be posted; c) will have been posted;

b) will be post; d) will post.

8. In Greece the Olympic Games … once in five years.

a) were held; c) are being held;

b) are held; d) had been held.

9. The problem … for three years, but they have not got any results.

a) has been studied; c) has being studied;

b) was studied; d) had been studied.

10. This book … by the end of September.

a) would be republished; c) will be republished;

b) will have been republished; d) is republished.

11. A police car came when the injured man … off the road.

a) was being carried; c) was been carrying;

b) has been carried; d) was been carried.

12. I … in a small Russian town not far from Samara.

a) was borne; c) am born;

b) was born; d) were born.

13. Dad phoned and asked if our luggage ….

a) was already being packing;

b) had already been packed;

c) was packed;

d) has already been packed.

14. Yesterday Andy … on a bicycle.

a) is seen; c) has seen;

b) will be seen; d) was seen.

15. The healthful properties of fiber _______ for years.

a) know c) have been known

b) are known d) has known

16. A volcano erupted in southern Italy two days ago. Some children were

killed when they _______ to school by their parents.

a) were driving c) were being driven

b) were driven d) drove
17. When I came to the tennis court he _______ to play tennis by his elder

brother.

a) was teaching c) has been teaching

b) was taught d) was being taught

18. When I turned on the radio the President`s speech …

a) was being broadcast c) was broadcast

b) has being broadcast d) has been broadcast

19. This problem … so quickly. It will take some time.

a) can`t be solved c) had been solved

b) was being solved d) has been solved

20. The bibliography … by readers for futher information.

a) is reffered to c) is reffered on

b) was reffered d) is reffered at

21. Harry Porter …. by British writer who became extremely rich.

a) had written c) has been written

b) was written d) will bw written

22. Many people … of the right to vote.

a) was deprived c) have been deprived

b) had been deprived d) will deprive

23. When Martin asked what was wrong …

a) the problem was being explained to him

b) he was explained the problem

c) the problem was explained to him

d) the problem had been explained to him

24. We can`t use the fitness centre yet because it …

a) is still building c) is still being built

b) has been built d) is still built

25. By the4 time the Sniths got to tha flat it …

a) already was rented c) had already been rented

b) has already been rented d) was being rented

 

 

Variant 2

1. This book … into 14 languages.

a) translated; c) being translated;

b) has translated; d) has been translated.

2. I think his opinion … very much.

a) respect; c) respected;

b) is respected; d) respectful.

3. The last student … now.

a) examines; c) is examined;

b) is being examined; d) has been examined.

4. The restaurant is closed because it …

a) redecorates; c) is redecorating;

b) redecorated; d) is being redecorated.

5. We can`t use the sports hall yet because it ….

a) is still built; c) is still building;

b) is still being built; d) has built.

6. No permission has … for anybody to enter the building.

a) given; c) been given;

b) to give; d) be giving.

7. Yesterday we … in the rain on the way home.

a) were caught; c) were catching;

b) caught; d) had caught.

8. The old … good care of in that country.

a) has taken; c) are taken;

b) have taken; d) is taken.

9. Her new book … next year.

a) is being published; c) will be published;

b) will publish; d) publishing.

10. All books should … to the library before the end of the term.

a) be returning; c) return;

b) returning; d) be returned.

11. The accident is still ________.

a) being talked c) been talked about

b) talking about d) being talked about
12. Jack`s shirt … again yesterday by our little puppy.

a) tore c) had been torn

b) was torn d) has torn

13. This film … by Sergei Gerasimov before we started to shoot ours.

a) was shot c) is shot

b) had been shot d) shot

14. A lot of people … by out company now. They need a lot of new stuff.

a) are hired c) are being hired

b) were being hired d) are hiring

15. Next year advanced mathematics … by Professor Erickson at our university.

a) was taught c) will be taught

b) is taught d) will teach

16. Three games of chess … by him this week.

a) have been won c) have won

b) were won d) had been won

17. All the contracts … by him by next Tuesday.

a) will have signed c) will have been signed

b) will be signed d) will sigh

18. Did Paola buy this broach? – No, it … to her for her birhtday.

a) has been given c) was given

b) had been given d) will be given

19. Frank … right now. He feels a bit nervous.

a) is interviewed c) has been interviewed

b) is being interviewed d) will be interviewed

20. A salad … by the chief when I entered the kitchen.

a) was prepared c) had been prepared

b) was being prepared d) is being prepared

21. The boss asked the detective how many criminals … in the robbery.

a) had been involved c) were being involved

b) have been involved d) will be involved

22. Political debates … in thisa country nowdays.

a) were paid much attention to c) were being paid much attention to

b) are being paid much attention to d) will be paid much attention to

23. The new computer system … next month.

a) is been installed c) is being installed

b) will be installed d) were installed

24. After we had drunk the wine the dessert …

a) served c) was being served

b) was served d) is served

25. The cake … before Susan arrived.

a) was made c) has been made

b) had already been made d) was being made