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Task 6. Put these words into the right word order to make a sentence.1. entire length / the width of the / ideal conditions / surprisingly / along its / quite frequently / occur / flank wear land / Under /will be very uniform / which . 2. are encountered / the heated metal / also contributes to / Oxidation of / tool wear, / and high cutting temperatures / particularly when / near the cutting edge / fast cutting speeds. 3. and diamond are / Straight titanium carbide /the two principal tool materials/ this category /that fall into. 4. The most / the built-up edge is/ to increase /effective way to eliminate/the cutting speed. 5. occurs on carbide/ Deformation/ and a high feed rate / cutting tools /when taking a very heavy/ cut using a slow cutting speed.
Task 7. Match the beginnings (1-10) of the sentences with their endings (a-j).
Task 8. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box. Use each word only once. material, disadvantage, lubricated, reduces, expensive, water, provided, creating, diamond, stones, exposed, polishes, softer, easier, than, sharpening Sharpening is the process of 1)_____ or refining a sharp edge of appropriate shape on a tool or implement designed for cutting. The substance on the 2)_____ surface must be harder 3)_____ the material being sharpened; 4)_____ is extremely hard, making diamond dust very effective for sharpening, though 5)_____; less costly, but less hard, abrasives are available, such as synthetic and natural Japanese waterstones.
These 9)_____ Japanese stones have a few advantages over harder stones. First, because they are softer they do not become glazed or loaded with the 10)_____ they are sharpening. New particles are constantly 11)_____ as you work with them and thus they continue to cut consistently. Second, they can be 12)_____ effectively with water (rather than oil, which can ruin the stone) so nothing but 13)_____ is required. Finally, because they are soft, the worn material and the water form slurry that in conjunction with the stone sharpens and 14)_____ the blade. A 15)_____ is that they become uneven faster than other types of sharpening stone, although at the same time this makes them 16)_____ to flatten. Task 9. Make 5 questions of different types to the previous text on sharpening and ask your partner to answer them. Task 10. Watch the video manual on sharpening a cutting tool. Do you know any other ways of sharpening metal cutting tools? Discuss with your partner all dangers and safety precautions working with sharpening tools.
b) Discuss new ways and techniques in tool sharpening with your partner. Make a dialogue and present it to a group. The following words will help you. That’s how we attract somebody’s attention and express gratitude in English. Study this table.
Task 12. Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Процес різання супроводжується утворенням теплоти. 2. Частіше за все при обробці різанням застосовують мастильно-охолоджуючі рідини. 3. Абразивне зношування – це механічне зношування матеріалу в результаті різання твердих тіл чи твердих частинок. 4. Інструменти зі швидкорізальної сталі володіють відносно невисокою теплостійкістю, середньою твердістю, невеликими міцністю при вигині і ударною в'язкістю. 5. Зношення різального інструменту залежить від шляху різання. 6. Основними елементами режиму різання є глибина різання, швидкість різання і подача. 7. Значний вплив на зношування здійснює температура нагріву різального леза. 8. При великих швидкостях різання, коли в зоні його розвивається дуже висока температура, твердосплавний інструмент інтенсивно зношується під дією дифузії.
Task 1. Discuss the following questions:
b) Where is bearing used today? Make a list of possible applications of bearing. Compare it with those of your groupmates. c) Do you know any complex machines? What are their constituents?
B) Decide whether the following statements are true or false: 1. The balls in ball bearings are made from another type of steal than races. 2. A gage check each ring with an acid. 3. Grinding machine check the inner diameter of each ring. 4. Water-based liquid keeps rings from overheating. 5. Abrasive stone lubricated with oil polishes the outer ring until you can see a reflection. 6. Raceways are cleaned with oil. 7. Steel balls are classified according to their shapes. 8. Steel balls are made of steel wires. 9. Just few hours are needed to grind rough balls. 10. Hopper sends necessary quantities of balls through several tubes to the raceways of the bearing. 11. After hardening balls should be washed with cleaning solvent. 12. Ball cage retain the balls in position around the raceways.
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The Japanese traditionally used sharpening 6)_____ lubricated with water (using oil on a waterstone 7)_____ its effectiveness). They have been doing this for many hundreds of years, and the first stones were naturally occurring. The geology of Japan 8)_____ a type of stone which consists of fine silicate particles in a clay matrix. This is somewhat softer than Novaculite.
Task 11. a) Why is it important for an engineer to know the properties of engineering materials? List the properties you know. Compare your list with that of your partner.
Task 13. Look at the picture and write an argumentative essay (not over 100-120 words) about tool sharpening evolution. Special attention should be given to the problem of tool wear and advantages/disadvantages of modern types of sharpening.
a) How much do you know about bearings?
Task 2. A) The students are at the workshop on mechanical parts production. Listen to their discussion and learn what properties bearing has and where it can be used.