Task 7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение.

1) I heard her ask him about it.

2) He likes to be asked questions.

3) I know him to be a very experienced lawyer.

4) They expect to be invited there.

5) He ordered his son to open the window.

 

Task 8. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1.The building of the court is believed to be the finest in our town.

2.The man was seen to steal her purse.

3.This lawyer is known to be an honest and intelligent expert.

4.The thieves were heard to have run very quickly.

5.The boss was expected to arrive at the weekend

 

Task 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

1. Считают, что он один из лучших юристов нашего города.

2. Сообщили, что эксперименты были успешны.

3. Полагают, что кодекс Хамураби - самый старый письменный свод законов в мире.

4. Поезд, к сообщили, прибыл в Сочи вовремя.

5. Видели, что он пришёл на работу рано.

Task 10. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

When a plane... London arrived... Sydney airport, workers began to unload... number... wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one... the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occured to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished... what he found. A man was lying... the box on top of a pi­le of woolen goods. He was so surprised... being discovered that he didn't even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding... the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined... the wooden box over ten hours. The man was ordered to pay £345 for the cost... the trip. The normal price... a ticket is £230!

 

Task 11. Вставьте пропущенные артикли.

The whole village soon learnt that... large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton,... local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. Sam was sure that... wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it wasn't returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half... money he had lost, together with... note which said: «A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!» Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: «Only 25 per cent... thief now!» In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way.... last note said: «I am 100 per cent honest now!»

 

Task 12. Разделите текст на несколько логических частей и озаглавьте каждую из них. Выразите главную идею каждой части одним или двумя предложениями.

Task 13. Составьте 5 типов вопросов к тексту.

Вариант IV

Legal Professions in Great Britain

Freedom has to be restricted if it is to survive. This is done by the law which prohibits certain actions because they are against the interests of most citizens. But there is no point in having laws unless they can be enforced. Laws are enforced in two ways. First by the Police, whose duty it is to catch offenders. Secondly by the Law Courts which find out whether a person is innocent or guilty. If he is guilty, the courts then award punishment, either a fine or a term of imprisonment.
The court system is dependant upon the legal profession to make it work. In Britain the legal profession is divided into two branches, barristers and solicitors. The division has a number of significant impacts upon the judiciary system. The English judiciary system is organised on a very different plan. They have no ministry of Justice. Some of the functions of such a ministry are distributed among members of the Cabinet; to a certain extent the Home Secretary is their minister of criminal justice, and to less extent the Lord Chancellor is their minister of civil justice.
The traditional picture of the English lawyer is that the solicitor is the legal adviser of the public. The solicitor may conduct client’s case in the tower courts. The barrister can be consulted only through the solicitor; he has the sole right of audience in the higher courts. There is approximately one solicitor to every 1300 of the population, with considerable regional and local variations. There is a heavy concentration in commercial centers. The ratio for barristers is about one per every 10,000. But a lot of work in English solicitors’ offices is undertaken by managing clerks, now called “legal executives”, who are the third type of lawyers.
The judge is the presiding officer of the court. Judges are not themselves a separate profession: they are barristers who have been elevated to the bench, itself a name derived from the part of the Court where they sit.
The judge decides the interpretation of the law. The great strength of the British legal system lies in the position of the judges. Once they are appointed it is practically impossible to dismiss them as long as they remain of “good behaviour”.
The jury system is one of the most distinctive features of British justice. A jury consists of twelve people who are householders, selected at random by the officers of the court. Notice that they are not legal specialists, but simply ordinary men and women who have been ordered to attend. With a few exceptions, juries are seldom employed today in civil cases. In criminal cases involving more than three months’ imprisonment, which are not tried by the magistrates’ courts, the trial must be by a jury.
The professional judges, “High Court Judges”, deal with the most serious crimes. They are paid salaries by the state. But in Britain, the vast majority of judges are unpaid, doing their work voluntarily, and they are called Magistrates or Justices of the Peace (JPs). They are usually well- known local citizens who are selected not because they have any legal training but because they have “sound common sense”. They are appointed by the Lord Chancellor.
Magistrates are selected by special committees in every town and district. Nobody knows who is on the special committee in their area. The committee tries to draw Magistrates from different professions and social classes.

Task 1. Find the English equivalents for the words and word- combinations given below.

Невиновный, юрист, значительные воздействия, приблизительно, «законные исполнители», мировой судья, чувство здравого смысла, добровольно.
Task 2. Match English and Russian equivalents.

1) низшие суды	a) to be elevated to the bench
2) юридическая профессия	b) judiciary system
3) высшие суды	c) at random
4) увольнять	d) social classes
5)система присяжных	e) legal profession
6) юридическая система	f) trial
7) большое количество	g) lower courts
8) наугад	h) higher courts
9) судебное разбирательство	i) legal adviser
10) юрисконсульт	j) to dismiss
11) возвыситься до положения судьи	k) heavy concentration
12) социальные классы	l) the jury system

 

Task 3. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the court system dependent upon?
2. What are the two kinds of lawyers in England?
3. Are solicitors mostly concentrated in towns?
4. What is a third type of lawyers?
5. Are judges themselves a separate profession?
6. What do judges deal with?
7. Are magistrates paid salaries?
8. Who are magistrates selected by?

Task 4. К указанным ниже словам подберите из текста синонимы и переведите их на русский язык.

11. to conduct 12. profit 13. to perform 14. wide 15. general

16. to require 17. right (adj) 18. purpose 19. type 20. essential

Task 5. К указанным ниже словам подберите из текста антонимы и переведите их на русский язык.

11. to control 12. to agree 13. heavy 14. liable 15. frequently

16. individual 17. public 18. future 19. to receive 20. to distribute

Task 6. Раскройте скобки, употребив сложное дополнение.

1) The mother believes (in the word, to be, her daughter, the best girl).

2) They think (to be an expert, he, in his sphere).

3) The public made (to read, some of his poetry, the poet).

4) The boys saw (round the corner, to disappear, the car).

5) The people noticed (into the house, to get, the burglar).

 

Task 7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение.

1) We know them to be experienced enough to do this work.

2) The director ordered the secretary to send off the letter.

3) I saw her come into the room, switch on the light and take the jewelry.

4) He likes papers to be in order.

5) He didn’t expect to be asked about it.