Ex.19. Find grammar mistakes in the following sentences and correct them. The number of mistakes is pointed out in brackets.

1) He did not performed the task he had been given. [1] 2)What the engines do this plant produce? [2] 3) Are you know the schedule this train? [2] 4) Already the bus is overcrowded, it will not be able take all the passengers waited at the bus stop. [3] 5) The contract was not signed yet. [1] 6) His traveling expenses covered by the firm. [1] 7) While driving a car, you should not to speak with your mobile telephone. [2] 8) This device can be repair; you don’t need to replace it on a new one. [2] 9) In Russia many people had doubts about the possibility of using of steam engines in the Russian winter. [1] 10) Some of the arch bridges constructing by the Romans 2,000 years ago is still being used. [2]. 11) The revolution in science and technology is affected not only economically developed countries but also developing countries. [1] 12) An electric engine is most ecologically friendly one because it is not contaminate environment with exhausted gases. [2] 13) One of the most early railway bridge in the Great Britain called “Britannia” have survived to our days. [4] 14) Does the train covers the distance from Moscow to Samara in 20 hours? [1] 15)The plane were late because it has to make a forced landing. [2] 16) The remote control need 4 battery to power it. [2]

 

Ex.20. Read the following sentences using the predicates in the required tense and voice forms. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.

1) If you [ to lose – Present Perfect Active] your credit card, you should declare about it immediately. 2) These boxes [ to be – Present Indefinite Active] too small for this equipment; we [ to need – Present Indefinite Active] bigger ones. 3) The main tendency of our life is that computers [ to use – Present Continuous Passive] more and more intensively in all spheres of technology, science, medicine, education and everyday life. 4) No wonder the radio [ not to work – Present Continuous Active], you [ not to plug – Present Perfect Active] it. 5) After a high-speed monorail railway [ to construct – Past Perfect Passive] in Tokyo, the problem of passenger transportation [ to solve – Past Indefinite Passive]. 6) Similar results [ to achieve – Present Perfect Passive] by two scientists in the course of their work. 7) I [ to find – Past Indefinite Active] the information about this invention on the Internet. 8) The construction of the new circular road which [ to link – Future Indefinite Active] several districts [ to start – Present Perfect Active] recently. 9) The ore [ to transport – Present Indefinite Passive] from the mine to the processing plant by the railway. 10) It [ to calculate – Present Perfect Passive] that 1,000 tons of tickets [ to use – Present Indefinite Passive] annually on the Japanese Railways. 11) The Internet [ to bring – Present Perfect Active] new opportunity for businesses to offer goods and services online. 12) The text of the contract [ to be – Future Indefinite Active] ready in an hour, the secretary [ to type – Present Continuous Active] it.

TEXT A

Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary.

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

[1] A computer is known to be a device that has the ability to accept, store and process enormous quantities of data. Computers can be divided into three main types, depending on their size and power.

Mainframe computers are the largest and most powerful. They can handle large amounts of information very quickly and can be used by many people at the same time. They usually fill a whole room and are sometimes referred to as computer installations. They are found in large institutions and government departments.

Minicomputers, commonly known as minis, are smaller and less powerful than mainframes. They are about the size of an office desk and are usually found in banks and offices. They are becoming less popular as microcomputers are being improved.

Microcomputers, commonly known as micros, are the smallest and least powerful. They are about the size of a typewriter. They can handle smaller amounts of information at a time and are slower than the other two types. They are ideal for use as home computers and are also used in education and business. More powerful microcomputers are being gradually produced; therefore they are becoming the most commonly used type of computers.

[2] A computer can do very little until it is given some information. This is known as the input and usually consists of a program (a set of instructions, written in a special computer language, telling the computer what operations and processes are to be carried out and in what order they should be done) and some data (the particular information that has to be processed by the computer). Data brought out of the computer is known as output. Information in the form of programs and data is called software.

[3] The pieces of equipment making up the computer system are known as hardware.

The most important item of hardware is the CPU (Central Processing Unit). It contains the processor and the main memory. The processor is the brain of the computer. It does all the processing and controls all the other devices in the computer system. The main memory is the part of the computer where programs and data being used by the processor can be stored. However, it has a limited capacity.

[4] All the other devices in the computer system, which can be connected to the CPU, are known as peripherals. These include input devices, output devices and storage devices.

▪ An input device is a peripheral, which enables information to be fed into the computer. The most commonly used input device is a keyboard, similar to a typewriter keyboard.

▪ An output device is a peripheral, which enables information to be brought out of the computer, usually to display the processed data. The most commonly used output device is a specially adapted television known as a monitor or VDU (Visual Display Unit). Another common output device is a printer. It prints the output of the CPU onto paper.

▪ A storage device is a peripheral used for the permanent storage of information. It has a much greater capacity than the main memory and commonly uses magnetic tape or magnetic disks as the storage medium.

These are the main peaces of hardware of any computer system whether a small “micro” or a large mainframe system.

 

Ex.21. Match each component in column A with its function in column B.

A B

1) storage device a) It allows data to be entered. With it you communicate with your

computer.

2) monitor b) It is used to introduce coordinates into a computer. Moving it on

the surface of the table we control the movement of the cursor on the screen.

3) keyboard c) It does all the processing and controls the peripherals.

4) main memory d) It is used to record, store information and to pass data to or from

another computer.

5) processor e) It is used to print texts or graphics.

6) printer f) It provides permanent storage for programs and data.

7) mouse g) It holds the programs and data being used by the processor.

8) floppy disk h) It is used to rotate disks.

9) cursor i) It is a mark on the display's screen showing the place where actions

are taking place.

10) disk drive j) It displays the processed data.

Ex.22. Answer the following questions.

1) What is the computer? 2) What are the main types of computers? 3) What type of computers is the most suitable for home use? 4) What are the reasons of buying home computers? 5) What is a program? 6) What is data? 7) How is information in the form of programs and data called? 8) What is hardware? 9) What is the most important item of hardware? 10) What does the Central Processing Unit contain? 11) What are the functions of processor and main memory? 12) What devices are called peripherals? 13) What are the functions of input device, output devices, storage device? 14) Do you like playing computer games? 15) What are your favorite video-games (shoot them all, walk-through, role-playing games, or intellectual games)? 16) How often do you work with the computer? 17) Does knowledge of English help to operate the computer better? 18) Who can be called a computer wizard? Do you attribute his/her success to hard work or talent? 19) Are you baffled by computer language?

 

TEXT B

Read and translate the following text using a dictionary.