Present, Past, Future Perfect Active and Passive)

Ex.10. Form the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and adverbs:

attentive, backward, bad, brittle, careful, cheap, clever, close, comfortable, considerable, convenient, dangerous, difficult, dirty, dry, early, easy, expensive, famous, fast, good, happy, hard, heavy, high, hot, important, late, lazy, little, loud, lucky, modern, narrow, necessary, powerful, quick, rapid, reliable, sad, safe, simple, slow, small, soft, swift, suitable, useful, wide.

 

Ex.11. Compare the objects according to the model.

Model: the new bridge – the old bridge (narrow). → The old bridge was much narrower than the new bridge.

1) an automobile – a bicycle [fast]. 2) water – oil [light]. 3) a steam engine – an internal combustion engine [small]. 4) train tickets – airplane tickets [cheap]. 5) stone – wood [heavy]. 6) reading – watching TV [useful]. 7) sleeping cars – open-type cars [comfortable]. 8) public transport in London – in Europe [expensive]. 9) Japanese – Spanish [difficult]. 10) the Trans-Siberian Mainline – the Kuibyshev Railway [long]. 11) this trunk – that suitcase [light]. 12) the new engine – the old engine [powerful]). 13) to go by airplane – to go by train [slow]. 14) glass – metal [brittle]. 15)to translate the text – to retell the text [easy].

Ex.12. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to adjectives and adverbs.

1) One of the longest continuous underground railway tunnels in the world is the 17.5 mile tunnel on the Northern line of the London Underground. 2) The first rails were made of cast iron but when traffic became heavier it was found that cast iron was too brittle and wore too quickly. 3) Thanks to the invention of the radio it is possible to communicate with the remotest parts of the world. 4) In the Grand Prix motor racing just a few seconds sometimes separate the fastest car from the slowest car in a race. 5) The most outstanding miniature railway in the world is the track which encircles the Disney Park. 6). In Australia the traffic is heavier during the winter months, when many tourists travel in passenger trains. 7) Heathrow, Britain’s largest international airport is linked with the capital by the Underground railway. 8) Statistically it is safer to travel by air than to drive a car. 9) It is much more convenient to travel by express train because it doesn’t stop at small stations, and it takes you less time to get to your destination. 10) In the USA people prefer to use motor transport or aircrafts because traveling by train is slower than by plane and tickets are sometimes more expensive. 11) Petrol engines are lighter and smaller than diesel engines; they are cheaper, less noisy and go faster that is why they are used in cars and motorbikes. On the other hand diesel engines use less fuel; last longer than petrol engines, this is why larger vehicles such as trucks and trains use them. They are also safer than petrol engines, because there is less danger of fire.

 

Ex.13. Read the following sentences using the adjectives given in brackets in the required degree of comparison.

1) I wish I lived [near] my work because it takes me much time to get there. 2) The problem was [serious] than we expected. 3) The diamond is [hard] mineral in the world. 4) Both roads lead to the city center, but the left-hand one is a bit [short] and [direct] than the right-hand road. 5) Railways cause [little] air contamination than other modes of transport. 6) Although there are now [fast] and [modern] means of transport, railways still remain [safe] and [popular] form of transport. 7) The railway line that has no long tunnels and bridges is [cheap] line. 8) The railway construction became [easy] and [quick] after the invention of special track-laying machines and other equipment. 9) Passengers traveling from Moscow to Vladivostok have to move the hands of their watches seven times because the Trans-Siberian Mainline, [long] railway on our planet, crosses seven time zones. 10) The bridge crosses the river at its [narrow] point. 11) When air is warmed it expands and becomes [light]. 12) He gained [large] prize in a lottery. 13) New models of computer processors have [great] speed and are [reliable] than the old ones. 14) [Low] temperature on the Earth was recorded on the North Pole. 15) Radio and television are [great] achievements of the 20^th century.

 

Ex.14. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1) В 1994 году Париж стал для лондонцев ближе, чем Глазго [Glasgow], потому что железнодорожный тоннель под Ла-Маншем [the Channel Tunnel] был открыт для движения. 2) Щебёнка [broken stone] – самый подходящий материал для балласта. 3) КПД [efficiency] электровозов в четыре раза выше, чем КПД паровозов. 4) В настоящее время некоторые самолёты летают быстрее звука. 5) Где находится ближайшее почтовое отделение? 6) Благодаря компьютерам мы обрабатываем [to process] информацию в миллион раз быстрее. 7) Билет в плацкартный вагон стоит дешевле, чем в спальный, потому что спальные вагоны более удобные. 8) Самый длинный автомобильный [road] тоннель в мире соединяет Францию и Италию. Он построен под [beneath] самой высокой горой Европы Монблан [Mont Blanc]. 9) Бетонные шпалы более надёжные, чем деревянные, и они служат [to last] дольше. 10) Железная дорога Москва-Санкт Петербург – самая старая и самая знаменитая магистраль в нашей стране.

Ex.15. Past Indefinite or Present Perfect? Put the verb into the correct tense form.

1) I [to lose] my passport last month, and nobody [to find] it yet. 2) Two years [to pass] since he left. 3) They [to move] to Washington several years ago. 4) The engineer [to show] his foreign friends the bridge in the building of which he [to take part] in 1980. 5) He [not/ to decide] yet what to do. 6) We [to know] each other since childhood. 7) The journalists [to ask] me many questions at the yesterday’s interview. 8) When … you [to arrive] in Prague? – I [to arrive] here in last September. So I [to live] in this city for 3 months. 9) Are you still studying or … you already [to find] a job? 10) I [to rush] to the platform and [to get] on the train. 11) The coffee I [to buy] last week is very good but very expensive. 12) We [to learn] a lot of words and grammatical rules lately. 13) All my money [to steal] on the way to the airport yesterday and I couldn’t fly anywhere. 14) Mail just [to deliver] by the helicopter 15) …you ever [to visit] other countries? – Yes, I [to be] to France and Spain. 16) Today I [to invite] to give a talk on the radio. 17) Don’t worry! The equipment already [to pack]. 18) We first [to come] to this town more than 20 years ago. Everything [to change] in the town since that time. 19) The nearest way to the station [to show] to them an hour ago, but they [not/ to arrive] yet. 20) She [to ask] the clerk if all the trains arrive on time here.

 

Ex16. Past Indefinite, Past Continuous or Past Perfect? Put the verb into the correct tense form.

1) I didn’t convince the inspector that I [to lose] my ticket only some moments before. 2) They spoke so quickly that I didn’t understand what they [to talk] about. 3) While we [to wait] for the train, it [to start] to rain. 4) We knew that the 2 o’clock train [to leave] already and decided to go by bus. 5) Before I came to the office, the manager already [to sign] the documents. 6) I [to see] you from the bus yesterday. Where … you [to hurry] at that time? 7) Where … you [to be] at about three yesterday afternoon? – Oh, I [to repair] my car at that time. 8) The journey from Paris to London [to take] much longer before the Channel Tunnel was built. 9) The police officer [to ask] me what I [to do] at the time when the accident took place. 10) The station master [to say] that no trains [to arrive] at the station during the night because of the heavy snowstorm in the mountains. 11) They [to work out] a detailed plan before starting off on an expedition. 12) Mary [to clean] the windscreen when she noticed a crack in the glass. 13) Some people [to sleep] on the benches waiting for their trains. 14) Yesterday he [to pass] his driving test at the first attempt.

 

Ex.17.

A) Give news about yourself and other people to a friend of yours. Use the words given to make sentences in the Present Perfect Tense Active or Passive.

Model: she/ to graduate from University/ this year. → This year she has graduated from University.

1) recently/ to find/ I/ a new job. 2) to promote/ this month/ John/ to the chief manager. 3) to Australia/ Jane and Mike/ to go to work/ already. 4) Jill/ this year/ London University/ not to enter. 5) not to retire/ my father/ yet. 6) my brother/ just/ a new motorcycle/ to buy. 7) Nick/ in another firm/ a good job/ to offer. 8) not to go/ this week/ he/ on business. 9) I/ recently/ to give/ as a present/ a computer. 10) to join/ I/ another football club. 11) Jack/ a fortune/ to receive, millionaire/ to become/ he. 12) out flat/ yet/ not to repair. 13) for ages/ not to see/ I/ you. 14) Ann/ just/ to return/ from London. 15) in London/ never/ to be/ I. 16) today/ I/ near my house/ to meet/ Ron/ by chance. 17) we/ since/ not to see/ each other/ last autumn.

B) Ask your friend who is in the USA questions about what he or his relatives have seen or done.

Model: to have/ a good journey/ you? → Have you had a good journey?

1) already/ you/ to see/ the Great American Lakes? 2) to Broadway/ ever/ to be/ you? 3) your brother/ new places/ already/ to show/ what/ to you? 4) to get/ your father/ promotion/ lately? 5) to receive/ your driving license/ already/ you? 6) a car/ to change/ your brother/ this year? 7) to buy/ you/ what kind of house? 8) to move/ the Browns/ to another city/ why? 9) Mary/ not to meet/ you/ yet?