Ex.18. Read and translate the following sentences. State the tense and voice form of the predicates.

Model: have heard – Present Perfect Active (to hear)

Will be increased – Future Indefinite Passive (to increase)

1) We have heard on the radio today that the railway fares will be increased. 2) The passengers had been invited to get on the train and now they were exchanging farewells with those who had come to see them off. 3) Boeing’s new airplane is faster and more luxurious than any other vehicles, which have ever been produced. 4) Hurry up! I’m afraid by the time we get to the station the train will have already left. 5) The new American turbo-train has covered a 230-mile distance in 3 hours 15 minutes with 4 stops between Boston and New York. 6) The reason for the freight train derailment has not been found yet. 7) Until recently, the price difference between the first and second class tickets on the Spanish Railways had been amounted to 81%. This difference has been greatly reduced and now first class fare is only 30% more expensive than second class. 8) When we came to the station the train had already arrived, and the passengers were hurrying to occupy their seats in the carriages. 9) It has been calculated that East Japan Railway Company sells 1,000 ton of tickets annually. These tickets are now being collected and re-used in the manufacture of cardboard and toilet paper. 10) For many years, railway track has been laid and repaired by hard manual labor. 11) By the time, the train reached its destination Paul had made friends with many of his fellow travelers. 12) Double-deck buses have been operated in Moscow for several months but they were found inconvenient especially during the rush hours. 13) The train stopped at all the stations, and long before we got to London every seat had been occupied and people were standing in the corridors.

 

Ex.19. Open the brackets using the verbs in the required tense form and translate the sentences from English into Russian.

1) The man [ to fine – Present Perfect Passive] by a policeman for crossing the street in the wrong place. 2) When the fire brigade [ to arrive – Past Indefinite Active], the fire [ to destroy – Past Perfect Active] already the building. 3) Many people [ to be – Past Indefinite Active] afraid of the railways when they first [ to appear – Past Indefinite Active]. 4) The movement of trains [ to stop – Past Indefinite Passive] on that section of the line because the workers [ to replace – Past Continuous Active] the sleepers. 5) Several newspapers [ to report – Present Perfect Active] that the Russian and Finnish governments [ to discuss – Present Continuous Active] a project for the reconstruction of the Helsinki-St. Petersburg railroad known in Finland as the Eastern Railway. 6) The train crew [ to inform – Past Indefinite Passive] that the departure time [ to change – Past Perfect Passive]. 7) Nowadays crossties [ to make – Present Indefinite Passive] of wood, concrete, steel, cast-iron; in some countries experiments [ to go – Present Continuous Active] on with plastic sleepers. 8) He [ to spend – Present Indefinite Active] all his spare time driving his new car. 9) There [ to be – Past Indefinite Active] a car by the side of the road. It [ to break – Past Perfect Active] down and the driver [ to try – Past Continuous Active] to repair it. 10) I [ to take – Present Perfect Active] somebody else’s suitcase by mistake. 11) Turn off the gas. Don’t you see the kettle [ to boil – Present Continuous Active]? 12) A man who [ to sit – Past Continuous Active] in the compartment said that the place [ to take – Past Indefinite Passive] by a passenger who [ to go – Past Perfect Active] to the diner.

Ex.20. Choose the required voice form of the predicates (Active or Passive).

1) A new device [ has tested; has been tested] in the lab. 2) The dining car was crowded but we [ served; were served] rather fast. 3) A taxi [ called; was called] 15 minutes ago; so we [ are expecting; are being expected] it any moment. 4) At the corner of the street we [ saw; were seen] a car. The driver [ was examining; was being examined] the engine. 5) Powerful track-laying machines [ have developed; have been developed] for the building of railroads. 6) The road is closed because the road-works [ are conducting; are being conducted]. 7) The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development [ has made; has been made] a loan of $US 120 to the Russian Ministry of Railways for the railway rehabilitation project. 8) David thought that his father [ had repaired; had been repaired] his bicycle. 9) A new railway underground line [ is constructing; is being constructed] in our city. One of the Metro stations [ will build; will be built] near my house. 10) He [ broke; was broken] my watch. 11) The manager [ has offered; has been offered] me several jobs. 12) I [ will give; will be given] a leave in July if there is no urgent work. 13) It was noisy. Nobody [ was listening; was being listened] to him. 14) Bill [ kept; was kept] his word and arrived exactly at the time he [ had promised; had been promised]. 15) You can’t watch the film now; the TV set [ is fixing; is being fixed] by the mechanic.

 

Ex.21. In the following sentences replace Active with Passive:

A) using the Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Tenses.

Model: 1) The manager will sign the contracts tomorrow. → The contracts will be signed by the manager tomorrow. 2) We had to hurry. They were waiting for us. → We had to hurry. We were being waited for. 3) Have they tested all the machines? → Have all the machines been tested?

1) The railway builders have finished the construction of the line ahead of time. 2) Russia developed the first automatic engine driver in 1960. 3) By that time we had changed our plans. 4) They bought tickets two days before their departure. 5)Air-conditioning system always maintains the optimum temperature and humidity in the carriage. 6) The management of the railway will install the new electronic system for booking train tickets at the terminals. 7) People build viaducts in order to cross gorges, canyons and ravines. 8) Engineers are busy now; they are testing a new engine. 9) He reported that the firm was holding talks about the construction of the automobile plant in our city. 10) They gave him no explanation why they had stopped the experiment. 11) The scientific journal has published an article about the transport of future this month. 12) The new railway line will connect central and eastern regions of the country. 13) The briefing is in full swing. The correspondents are interviewing the participants of the conference. 14) By his arrival they had repaired the car. 15) He has booked the tickets and the clerk will have brought them by 2 o’clock. 16) I’m afraid, you will be late. They will have finished the talks by 5 o’clock.

 

B) using modal verbs.

Model: He can do this work. → The work can be done (by him).

1) She can find a job easily. 2) The matter is urgent. They have to phone her immediately. 3) You must send the document as quickly as possible. 4) He has got a pay rise now they can buy a new house. 5) The lecture is over. You may ask your questions. 6) Ecologists say that we should take care of our planet. 7) He was to give back the book on Saturday. 8) The boss wants to talk to Mr. Black. You must find him immediately. 9) You should avoid the centre of the city during rush hours. 10) We are to conduct a series of experiments this week. 11) He should not sign the contract without reading it thoroughly. 12) You must not exceed the speed limit if you don’t want to be fined by the traffic policeman. 13) You may write this exercise with a pencil. 14) You must do it without delay.

 

Ex.22. TEST. Choose the correct grammar form to translate a predicate.

1) Этот вокзал был пущен в эксплуатацию в прошлом году.

a) has been put b) was put c) was being put

2) Сейчас здесь строится новый супермаркет.

a) is being built b) is built c) is building

3) Мы приступили к работе, после того как прочитали инструкцию.

a) started b) were started c) have started

a) had been read b) has read c) had read

4) Студентов экзаменуют два раза в год.

a) are being examined b) are examined c) has been examined

5) Новое здание института уже построили, когда я поступил на экономический факультет.

a) was constructed b) has been constructed c) had been constructed

a) was entering b) entered c) have been entered

6) Наш завод выпустит новый автомобиль к концу года.

a) will produce b) will be producing c) will have produced

7) Этот фильм никогда не показывали по телевизору.

a) was never shown b) has never been shown c) had never been shown

8) Секретарь ещё печатает списки участников олимпиады по английскому языку.

a) is being typed b) types c) is typing

9) К сожалению, вы его не застанете. К этому времени он уже уедет на вокзал.

a) won’t get b) don’t get c) haven’t got

a) will go b) will have gone c) has gone

10) Сколько стоит билет до Вашингтона? – Я заплатил $150 за нижнее место в спальном вагоне первого класса.

a) does … cost b) is … cost c) has … cost

a) had paid b) was paid c) paid

11) Джон недавно купил новый мотоцикл.

a) bought b) has bought c) had bought

12) Я видел тебя вчера из автобуса. Куда ты так спешил?

a) have seen b) was seeing c) saw

a) were…hurrying b) did…hurry c) had… hurried

* The results of the test: If your score is 15-17 correct answers, you are doing just great; 12-14 stand for good knowledge; 7-11 mean you have some problems; if the number of your correct answers is less than 7, go and learn the rules.