English for first year students

ENGLISH FOR FIRST YEAR STUDENTS

Посібник з англійської мови

За редакцією Н. Семко

Київ - 2012

Національний банк України

Університет банківської справи

Укладачі: Н.Семко, В. Гриців, Н. Христич, О. Ріхтер

ENGLISH FOR FIRST YEAR STUDENTS

Посібник з англійської мови

За редакцією Н. Семко

Київ - 201 2

УДК 811.111(075)

English for first-year students. Посібник з англійської мови / Н. М. Семко, В.Б. Гриців, Н.М. Христич, О.Є. Ріхтер; за ред. Н. М. Семко – Київ: Університет банківської справи Національного банку України (м. Київ), 2012. – 172 стор.

Посібник складається з 15 блоків (Units), кожен з яких містить два тексти і систему вправ, спрямованих на перевірку розуміння прочитаного, активізацію лексичних та граматичних моделей, вироблення навичок усного мовлення, дискусії.

Для студентів першого курсу економічного спрямування середнього рівня підготовки з англійської мови.

 

Рекомендовано Вченою радою Університету банківської справи Національного банку України (м. Київ),
протокол № 4 від 8 лютого 2012 року

 

Рецензенти:

к. філол. н., доцент, завідувач кафедри

Львівського національного університету ім. І.Франка Р. Дудок

 

к. пед. н., доцент, завідувач кафедри

Львівського інституту економіки і туризму Н. Хмілярчук

 

 

ã Університет банківської справи
Національного банку України (м. Київ), 2012

 

 

T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S

Foreword…………………………………………………….. 5

Unit 1. Life style ……………………………………………….7

Unit 2. Countries……………………………………………….13

Unit 3. Education ………………………………………… 21

Unit 4. Career Choice……………………………………… … 29

Unit 5. Travelling …………………………………………… 38

Unit 6. Celebrities ………………………………………… …49

Unit 7. Tourism ……………………………………………… 56

Unit 8. Cities………………………………………………….. 63

Unit 9. Food ……………………………………………… … 72

Unit 10. Shopping…………………………………………… 81

Unit 11. Appearance ……………………………………… 89

Unit 12. Ethical problems ………………………………… 97

Unit 13. Earning a living …………………………………… 104

Unit 14. Business and the environment …………………….. 110

Unit 15. Computing ……………………………………… … 117

Supplement ………………………………………………….128

Irregular verbs list……………………………………………….167

References …………………………………………………...172

П е р е д м о в а

Посібник містить 15 блоків (Units), які охоплюють тематику, передбачену програмою з дисципліни «Іноземна мова». Це – Стилі життя, Країни, Міста, Освіта, Вибір кар’єри, Подорожі, Відома особистість, Туризм, Традиції та культура харчування, Похід по крамницях, Зовнішність ділової людини, Етичні проблеми, Як заробити на прожиття, Бізнес та екологія, Комп’ютери в житті сучасного суспільства. Кожен з 15 блоків включає два тематичних тексти (А, В), які вводять нові слова, в тому числі професійно-орієнтовану лексику, і моделі базової граматики англійської мови. Для закріплення лексико-граматичних моделей пропонуємо вправи, які примушують ще і ще раз повертатися до тексту і, отже, забезпечують повторення і повторюваність, такі необхідні під час вивчення чужої мови. Завершальною вправою кожного з блоків є вправа на переклад англійською мовою з української. У розділі Supplement подано тематичні тексти для самостійного опрацювання, а також таблицю неправильних дієслів.

Усі тексти посібника взято з сучасних оригінальних джерел. Вони написані живою сучасною мовою і містять цікаву інформацію, яка часто здатна викликати пожвавлення аудиторії, емоції, часом суперечливі, бажання висловити власні міркування, посперечатися.

Укладаючи посібник автори дбали про: 1) забезпечення повторюваності основних лексико-граматичних моделей упродовж усієї роботи; 2) дозування лексичних та граматичних труднощів; 3) інформативність текстового матеріалу, а також постійно намагалися спонукати студента до висловлювання своєї думки, власної інформації на основі порівнювання, проведення паралелей, аналогії.

Мета навчального видання - навчити самостійно вести розмову на вказану тематику, користуючись засвоєними лексичними та граматичними моделями, ввести професійно орієнтовану компоненту, підготувати студентів до подальшого вивчення дисципліни «Ділова англійська мова». Посібник призначено для студентів перших курсів немовних вузів. Кожен з блоків підручника розрахований на 4 – 6 аудиторних годин. Н. Семко

 

Unit 1

Life style

Grammar: The Present Simple, the Present Continuous Tenses

Learn the active vocabulary of the unit.

to enjoy + -ing	to carry	to be stuck	to play sports
to lose job	equipment	stuffy office	to eat out
to live…min from.	to plant	in the suburbs	to be tidy/untidy
full-time job	to pick up	to earn money	to be married to sbd
to start work	to work outside	sale	enough
to leave home	tulip	to mend	daffodil
to pull

 

Translate the sentences into English. Use the Present Simple tense form. Follow the example.

Example: 1.Я/ він/вона/ви доктор

I am / he/she is/ you are a doctor.

2. Я/ми/ви/ вони працюємо/працюєте/працюють у школі -

I/we//you/they work at school.

Він/вона працює у школі –

He/she works at school.

1. Я студент, а він дизайнер. 2. Весною мама садить квіти. 3. Мій батько часто ремонтує машину.

 

Make up your own sentences of the same model with 10 more verbs from the list above. Write them down.

 

Make the sentences from Ex. 1 and 2 interrogative and negative. Follow the example.

Example: He is a student. Is he a student? He is not a student але

You/he go/goes to school - Do / does I/he go to school?

You/he do/does not go to school.

4. Read the text One day in the life of a business person - a Japanese fashion designer. What tense does he use speaking about his life style? Why? What other time indicators apart from every day, never are used in the sentences? Translate some sentences.

Text A.

I get up every day at about eleven or twelve o’clock. I get up late because I don’t like getting up early. I never eat breakfast – I sometimes have a cup of tea. I eat nothing during the day. I just don’t feel hungry at all.

I live about eight minutes from my office in the suburb of Tokyo. I drive to the office every morning in my car – a black BMW. I love driving. I always wear black or navy blue. I sometimes wear a white shirt or T-shirt but no bright colours.

 

I work from about noon till seven in the evening. I don’t mind working late. Before fashion show I usually work until eleven or twelve at night. I eat out in restaurants about six nights a week. I hate going to new restaurants. I usually go to a few old favourites.

 

I live with my daughter, who’s eighteen. The house is always untidy. She doesn’t like cooking and cleaning and nor do I! I spend no time at all in my home – it’s not a big part of my life.

5. Answer the questions to the text. Pay attention to the structure of every question.

1. What time does he get up?

2. Why does he get up late?

3. Does he eat his breakfast? Why?

4. What does he sometimes have for breakfast?

5. How far does he live from his office?

6. How much time does it take him to get to his office?

7. What does he like wearing?

8. When does he start his work?

9. Does he mind working late?

10. What restaurants does he eat at?

11. Who does he live with?

12. Is his house untidy? Why?

 

6. Work with your partner. Ask himthe samequestions.

Speak about yourself or your friend following the ideas of the text.

WORD FORMATION

8. Complete the chart with different parts of speech. Use your dictionary to help you. Comment on the suffixes. Find the words in the text below and translate them.

 

adjective	adverb	noun
	really
	usually	-
different
stuffy
graphic
seasonal
expensive
happy

________

Pre-reading task

1. Compare the two sentences below. What is the difference between them? Give your comments and make up some sentences of your own for each of the two models.

I eat a lot for lunch.

and

I’m eating a lot for lunch.

 

Read the text about Roger the gardener. Pick up sentences with the verb defining the action in the process, write down and translate these sentences.

Text B.

The best thing that ever happened to me was when I lost my job. Yes, really. I never liked it. Oh, I hated it in fact. I was stuck in the office all day with computers and a telephone. Now my hobby is my full-time job! I start work very early. In summer I usually leave home about 5.30 in the morning, but in winter at about 8.00. I have a small van, and I carry all my tools and equipment in that. It’s autumn now so I’m tidying the gardens. I’m picking up leaves and pulling up old summer flowers. Oh, and I’m planting bulbs as well. I’m planting lots of daffodils and tulips. Every season is so different, and I love them all. I just love working outside in the open air after all those years in a stuffy office. I never noticed the seasons there. After work I always go home and relax in a hot bath. I have a flat in London but most of my work is outside of London, in the suburbs. I’m not married but I live with my girlfriend, Fiona. I usually cook our evening meal because she gets home from work after me. She’s a graphic designer and earns a lot of money, much more than me. She earns more but I think I enjoy my work more.

 

At weekends we often drive into the country and go to antique shops and antique sales. I collect old radios. We don’t have a television. Can you believe it? Everybody has one these days but we don’t. Fiona collects old cookery books. We like taking our dog on long walks. I’ve just bought two 1930s radios and I’m cleaning and mending them. All my radios work. I never play any sports. Is this unusual? I think there is only one problem with my job. It’s seasonal, so I don’t earn much in the autumn and winter. So, I’m not earning much at the moment. I earn most money in spring and summer. But it’s OK, I earn enough, not enough to eat out often in expensive restaurants or go to shows, but enough for my dog and my hobby. I’m a very happy person.

DISCUSSION

Here are the results of some survey done in Britain. Study them. At what time in their lives are British people happiest? When are they least happy? Why do you think this is? What about Ukrainian people? Would the results of a similar survey in Ukraine be different? What would be different?

Unit 2

Countries

Text A

First Impressions

Mr Yama from Osaka

“The prices here are about the same as in Japan, except for accommodation. In Japan the cost of accommodation is very high, much higher than in Britain. You also get more for your money here. For example, the houses, flats and the gardens are much bigger. There is more open space here, too. In London there are lots of parks and the city isn’t as polluted as Tokyo. However, I think society here is more violent. You read every day in the newspapers about some violence on the streets.

 

As for the people, I think the British are less formal, not only in the way they behave, but also in the way they dress. People wear much more casual clothes here than in Japan.

 

When it comes to business, the Japanese work longer hours than the British, often twelve hours a day. But the amusing thing for us is that the British change jobs much more frequently than we do. In Japan you usually stay in the same company for your whole working life.

Notes: lead-free petrol - неетильований бензин

 

1. Answer the following questions:

1. What is Diana’s first impression of Britain?

2. Are the British more polite than the Americans?

3. Why is London more polluted than New York?

4. What does Diana Weston think about work and business in both countries?

5. The prices and accommodation in Great Britain are about the same as in the USA, aren’t they?

6. How does Mr. Yama compare the cost of accommodation in Japan and Great Britain?

7. What does he think about the violence on the streets in Great Britain?

8. In what way are the British less formal than the Japanese?

9. Do the Japanese work longer hours than the British?

10. What is the most amusing thing for Japanese people when they visit Great Britain?

2. Choose the correct answer to continue the sentences:

1. In the USA people use first names

a) at once after being introduced;

b) in 15 minutes;

c) in two days.

2. British people are more polite because when they

a) start a meal;

b) leave a restaurant;

c) finish their meal

they say: “Excuse me. Do you think you could give me a bill?”

3. London is not as violent as New York because some of Diana’s friends who live in the Bronx, USA

a) have four locks on their door;

b) don’t have locks on their door;

c) must have locks on their door.

4. In Japan the cost of accommodation is

a) much higher;

b) cheaper; than in Great Britain.

c) expensive

5. People in Great Britain wear more casual clothes

a) than in Japan;

b) than in the USA;

c) than in Ukraine.

6. Mr. Yama says that in Japan you usually work for the same company

a) for 10 years;

b) for 20 years;

c) for the whole working life.

Grammar spot

	Comparatives	Superlatives
a) one syllable adjectives	+ er (than)	+the –est
b) two syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, -y, -w	+er (than)	the+est
с) two syllable adjectives	more+adjective (than)	the most+adjective
d) irregular adjectives: good/well bad much/many/ a lot of little far	better worse more less farther / further	the best the worst the most the least the farthest/furthest

Text B

WORD FORMATION

DISCUSSION

4. Think and discuss the questions:

1. What country is it better to live in?

2. What does the word “Motherland” mean to you?

3. Is there anything which makes you proud of your country?

4. What makes you ashamed of your country?

5. What aspects of life should be changed in our country to make it better?

6. Is what people say about Ukraine true?

7. Can you describe the life of Ukrainians in 2050?

5. Translate the following sentences:

1. Життя у США таке ж дороге, як і у Великій Британії.

2. Немає великої різниці у цінах на житло між двома країнами. Вони майже такі самі як і в Україні.

3. У цілому Львів набагато більше забруднений, ніж Івано-Франківськ.

4. Вам треба бути дуже обережним, називаючи свого співрозмовника по імені відразу ж після знайомства. Це може його образити.

5. Британці поводяться і одягаються менш формально, ніж японці.

6. Життя в Україні трошки краще, ніж було 10 років тому.

7. Ця вулиця не така чиста, як та, на якій ми жили.

8. Англійці найввічливіші мешканці Європи.

9. Моє перше враження про Відень було таке, що він набагато тихіший, ніж Харків.

10. Платня за житло у Харкові та Києві найдорожча у Європі.

Present your own country.

Unit 3

Education

Text A

Education is important in every country, but in Japan it is even more important. There is one main reason for it. It is the Japanese attitude to jobs. In Britain, for example, many people want to try more than one job in their lives. You can try lots of things until you find the right job. In Japan it is different. Most jobs are for life, people usually stay with the same company from the time they leave school or university until they retire. So the children must do well at school to get a good job when they leave, because after that it’s too late.

 

They have to work hard. The hard work starts at twelve when they leave primary school and move to junior high school, where the atmosphere is different from primary school. It is less relaxed and more competitive. There are about forty pupils in each class, and discipline is quite strict. The pupils sit in rows, and before each lesson they stand up and bow to the teacher. The teacher talks and the children listen and take notes. They don’t ask questions. It’s considered rude to question a teacher.

 

The children go to school on Saturdays too. They also go to special extra schools in the evening so they are really busy most of the time. They don’t have much holiday. They go back to school because that’s when they have club activities – sports clubs, English clubs. Japanese children don’t have time to be bored, so they love school.

WORD FORMATION

Text B

This is Mr. O’Neil’s, the headmaster’s story of a modern school.

Summerhill was started as an experimental school. It has become a demonstration school, which shows that freedom works.

 

When we started the school, we had one main idea - to make the school fit the child - instead of making the child fit the school. Obviously, a school that makes active children sit at desks studying mostly useless subjects is a bad school.

 

Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we have given up all discipline, all direction, all suggestion, all moral training, all religious instruction. It did not require courage. All it required was what we had - a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being.

 

My view is that a child is innately wise and realistic. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the innate ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars; while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Although I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than a neurotic scholar.

 

What is Summerhill like? Well, for one thing, lessons are optional. Children can go to them or stay away from them for years if they want to. There is a timetable - but only for the teachers. The children have classes usually according to their age, but sometimes according to their interests. We have not involved new methods of teaching, because we do not consider them significant.

 

Summerhill is possibly the happiest school in the world. We very rarely have fights because children when free have much less hate to express than children who are under pressure. Hate causes hate, and love produces love.

 

Love means approving of children and that is essential in any school. You can't be on the side of children if you punish them and shout at them. Summerhill is a school in which the child knows that he or she is approved of. The function of the child is to live his own life, not a life a teacher or a parent thinks is best. All their interference only produces a generation of robots.

Notes: innately- природжено

I would rather see … - я б швидше побачив

scholar - вчений

for one thing – насамперед

Do you like the idea of Summerhill? What do you agree with and what not? Would you like your future child to study in such kind of a school? Why or why not? Work with your partner. Ask him the same questions.

Compare the sentences below. What is the difference between them? Give your comments on the use of the Present Indefinite, Present Continuous and Present Perfect Tense Forms. Make up some sentences of your own for each model. Use the list of the active vocabulary of the unit.

· Parents give their children the best education they can.

· Mrs. Evans is giving an interview about her experimental school at

the moment.

· Your mother has given you the best education she could.

 

DISCUSSION

Career Choice

Text A

The Nanny

The Cook

Text B

(from "The Financier" by Theodore Dreiser)

Henry Cowperwood started life as a bank clerk, but when Frank, his elder son, was ten he became a teller at the bank. The brokers knew him as representing a well-known firm and considered him to be a most reliable person.

 

Young Cowperwood took an interest in his father's progress. He wanted to know where all the different kinds of money came from, and what the men did with all the money they received. His father, pleased with his interest, was glad to explain, so that even at this early age - from ten to fifteen - the boy gained wide knowledge of the condition of the country financially. He was also interested in stocks and bonds, and he learned that some stocks and bonds were not even worth the paper they were written on, and others were worth much more than their face value showed.

 

Frank realized that his father was too honest, too careful. He often told himself that when he grew up, he was going to be a banker, and do some of the risky things he so often used to hear about.

 

Just at this time there came to the Cowperwoods an uncle, Seneca Davis.

He showed much interest particularly in Frank.

“Well, what are you interested in?"

“Money".

He looked at Frank carefully now. There was something in the boy. No doubt of it.

"A smart boy!" he said to Henry, his brother-in-law. "You have a good family."

Uncle Seneca became a frequent visitor to the house and took an increasing interest in Frank. “Keep in touch with me," he said to his sister one day. When that boy gets old enough to find out what he wants to do, I think I'll help him to do it.” He talked to Frank about his studies, and found out that the boy took little interest in books or most of the subjects he had to take at school.

 

"I like book-keeping and mathematics,”- he said. "I want to get out and get to work, though. That's what I want to do."

"Well, you can't leave school much before sixteen. You'll do better if you stay until seventeen or eighteen. It can't do you any harm. You won't be a boy again."

“I don't want to be a boy. I want to get to work.”

"Don't go too fast, son. You'll be a man soon enough. You want to be a banker, don't you?"

"Yes, sir."

 

"Well, when the time comes, if everything is all right and you've behaved well and you still want to, I'll help you get a start in business. If you are going to be a banker, you must work for some good company a year or so. You'll get a good training there. And, meantime, keep your health and learn all you can." And with these words he gave the boy a ten-dollar gold piece with which to start a bank account.

Notes: to grow more responsible - ставати більш відповідальним

Translate into English.

1. Я завжди добре уживалася з людьми, тому я обрала професію менеджера.

2. Джоан працює професійним фотографом уже три роки і має

намір започаткувати власний бізнес.

3. Коли ти отримаєш цю посаду, твої ділові зв’язки розширяться.

4. Хлопець отримав обширні знання про фінансовий стан у країні.

5. Френк цікавився матаматикою та бухгалтерським обліком.

6. Коли цей хлопець стане достатньо дорослим, щоб виявити, чого він хоче, я допоможу йому.

7. Ти зробиш краще, якщо навчатимешся до 18 років.

8. Коли прийде час, я допоможу тобі розпочати кар’єру у бізнесі.

9. Якщо хочеш стати банкіром, то мусиш попрацювати у солідній компанії хоч рік.

10.Я маю намір відмовитися від роботи у цій компанії. Я шукаю роботу у великому банку.

Unit 5

Travelling

 

The Present Perfect).

Text A

The Best Way to Travel

Travelling depends on several factors: the distance, the time available, what you can afford and so on.

Air travel has obvious advantages if it is a long distance journey. No other means of transport is as fast. Some disadvantages of air travel are the difficulty of getting to the airport, long waits to check in, and even longer wait if your flight is delayed because of bad weather. Some people may panic when their plane takes off.

 

Sea voyages were more common in the past. Now a lot of people find this kind of travelling particularly attractive for certain kinds of holidays, such as cruises.

Trains are ideal for shorter overland journeys. Unlike airports, stations are generally located in the city centres. This is especially useful for sightseers and also makes rail transport the most convenient way for many people to get to work. In many countries trains are a very economical way of travelling. On long distance trains there is generally a dining car where you can order meals, drinks and snacks. You can travel direct to your destination but if there are no direct trains you will have to change. You will need to study the timetable carefully not to miss the departure time. You can book your ticket at the booking office. When you go on a day trip it can be cheaper to buy a return ticket than a single one.

 

For local travel there are buses. Buses with two floors are called “double-deckers” in Britain. If you have no car this is your only way of travelling around town. They are usually cheap and frequent and you can buy a season ticket. Coaches are long-distance buses which are faster and more comfortable. Travelling by coach may be almost as fast as rail transport, since they use the motorway, and a lot cheaper.

 

The most popular form of transport for daily use is the private car. We are now beginning to pay the price for its over-use. However, we still continue to use it for the shortest trip to the local supermarket as well as for long trans-European journeys. For longer journeys the car is slow, uncomfortable and tiring but it permits you to carry more luggage and to travel when you wish.

 

Many people want to return to the bicycle. It is certainly better for your health, it saves you money. Parking is not a problem, traffic jams are not a problem either. You do not pollute the atmosphere, damage people’s health or the ozone layer. But, certainly, it is up to you to decide what kind of travelling to choose.

Notes: since - оскільки

it is up to you to decide – вам вирішувати

ozone layer – озоновий шар

 

1. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the choice of transport means depend on?

2. Why do passengers wait long at the airports?

3. How do travellers feel when they board the plane?

4. What is sea transport used for more commonly now?

5. What kind of transport is ideal for overland journeys? Why?

6. Where are usually airports and railway stations situated?

7. What kind of transport is convenient for daily use?

8. What problems are connected with over-use of cars nowadays?

9. What kind of travelling is the most widely used in Ukraine? Try to prove your answer.

10. Is travelling by sea popular in Ukraine?

F) cheap

1. The train journey was very…. It only cost five pounds.

2. The bus stop is outside our house. That’s very….

3. We sat on hard seats for 3 hours. The journey was….

4. I’ve got two small children and a dog, so, it’s … to use public transport.

5. Bye! Have a … journey, and call me when you get home!

6. We don’t have any problems with our car. It’s very ….

 

6. Read and translate the dialogue “Making enquiries at a travel agency”

Travel agent: Good morning madam. Can I help?

Customer: Ah yes. I hope so. I’ve got a bit of a problem actually. I want to go…er…to Edinburgh for the Festival and I’m not too sure of the best way to get there. I’ve got a car but it’s…er…not in very good condition and I was just wondering first of all if you could tell me how long you think it’d take me to drive up there.

Travel agent: Well, if you go up the motorway I suppose about eight hours.

Customer: Eight hours!

Travel agent: Mm, it’s a long way.

Customer: Yes, it is a long way and I suppose the petrol prices the way they are at the moment it’d be a bit expensive too.

Travel agent: Well, well yes. It’d probably cost you about £ 10, depends on your car.

Customer: Yes, the car’s the trouble. I don’t know what kind of condition I’d arrive in. Tell me…Now what about coach?

Travel agent: It’s very good. It costs about £14 in fact from London to Edinburgh.

Customer: Mm. that’s not too bad.

Travel agent: Very reasonable. But it takes about ten hours.

Customer: What about the train then?

Travel agent: Yes…let me see. It takes five hours in fact from London to Edinburgh and it costs £ 21 single.

Customer: £ 21 single?

Travel agent: Mm. Well it’s a lot of money but of course you can sleep at night and so on.

Customer: What I’d like to do of course is to go by plane. Can you tell me about that?

Travel agent: Mm-mm. yes, of course the London to Edinburgh single…let me see…£ 38 but of course it only takes just over an hour. It takes seventy minutes.

Customer: Really?

Travel agent: Yes..

Customer: Wonderful. That would be a wonderful start to the holiday.

Travel agent: Mm. shall I book you a ticket?

Customer: Well, look I tell you what. I really should think about it. Thanks so much for your help but I think I’ll…I’ll come back to you if that’s O’K.

Travel agent: Mm-mm…

Notes: I wonder if / what/ why… - цікаво чи/ що /чому…

It takes…to get/to drive … - це займає …, щоб добратися

First of all – перш за все

 

7. Make up a similar dialogue and present it together with your partner.

Booking a Room at a Hotel

Hotel receptionist: Good evening, madam. Can I help you?

Mrs. Brown: Good evening I want a single room, please.

R: Have you booked a room?

B: No, I'm afraid not. I didn't know I was coming until today.

R: How long do you want to stay?

B: At least a week, possibly longer.

R: I'll see what we have, madam. We are very full just at present. Now, let me see - yes, I can offer you a room on the first floor or there's one on the second floor with a private bathroom.

B: All I want is a quiet room away from the noise of traffic. I don't sleep very well.

R: Then I'll give you the first floor room. That's at the back and it is very quiet.

B: Good. And now, what about my luggage?

R: The porter will take your cases up immediately.

B: Thank you - oh, I’d like to be called in the morning at eight o'clock.

R: Would you like early morning tea?

B: Yes, and a newspaper, please.

R: Certainly, madam.

WORD FORMATION

DISCUSSION

Read and remember.

A Types of hotels

Hotels in Britain are graded with stars from one-star to five-star. Five-star hotels are the best and most expensive. You can also stay in a Bed and Breakfast (B&B also called Guest Houses) where you pay for a bedroom, possibly in ensuite (= room with private bathroom) and breakfast.

Unit 6

Celebrities

Text A..

On October 1881 a little boy was born in Malaga, Spain. It was a difficult birth and to help him breathe, cigar smoke was blown into his nose! This baby grew up to be one of the 20^th century’s greatest painters – Pablo Picasso.

Picasso showed his truly exceptional talent from a very young age. His first word was lápiz (Spanish for pencil) and he learned to draw before he could talk. He was the only son in the family and very good-looking, so he was very much spoilt. He hated school and often refused to go unless his loving parents allowed him to take one of his father’s pigeons with him.

 

Apart from pigeons, his great love was art, and when in 1891 his father, who was an amateur artist, got a job as a drawing teacher at a college, Pablo went with him to the college. He often watched his father paint and sometimes was allowed to help. One evening his father was painting a picture of their pigeons when he had to leave the room. He returned to find that Pablo had completed the picture and it was so amazingly beautiful and lifelike that he gave his son his own brushes and never painted again. Pablo was just 13.

 

Many people realized that Pablo was a genius but he disappointed those who wanted him to become a traditional painter. He was always breaking the rules of artistic tradition and shocked the public with his strange and powerful pictures. He is probably best known for his “Cubist” pictures. His work changed our ideas about art, and to millions of people modern art means the work of Picasso. Guernica, which he painted in 1937, is undisputedly one of the masterpieces of modern art.

 

Picasso created over 6,000 paintings, drawings and sculptures. Today a “Picasso” is worth several million pounds. Once, when the French Minister of Culture was visiting Picasso, the artist accidentally spilt some paint on the Minister’s trousers. Picasso apologized and wanted to pay for them to be cleaned, but the Minister said “No. Please, Monsieur Picasso, just sign my trousers!”

Picasso died of heart failure during an attack of influenza in 1973.

Notes: masterpiece – шедевр

undisputedly - безсумнівно

influenza - грип

Text B.

Ivan Mazepa was one of the greatest and the most contradictory Ukrainian Hetmans. He came to power at the time that was very difficult for Ukraine. The autonomy of Ukraine had been rapidly curtailed by tsarist Russia and Poland. So, Mazepa joined the Swedish King Karl XII to protect Ukraine from both Russian and Polish yoke.

 

Ivan Mazepa was the leader badly needed by Ukraine of that time. He was a distinguished man among the leaders known to the history of the European countries. Being an aristocrat, Ivan Mazepa was a European by his education. He studied in Kyiv collegiums and then in Warsaw and travelled a lot round Europe. He had a remarkable memory, spoke Latin perfectly well at the time when in Moscow Peter I could hardly find an interpreter speaking Latin. He was a keen observer of human nature, a good psychologist and this helped him to deal with people from different countries and social backgrounds. He had a remarkable talent for diplomacy. Ivan Mazepa had exquisite manners and was really a fascinating man. Whether it was his charming manner of communication or his brilliant mind, but all those who came in touch with him seemed drawn to him. Even Peter I, cruel and barbaric, but looking for European culture, respected him greatly.

 

He understood art in all its complexity, being himself a poet who created verse. Mazepa had a special liking for books and collected a big library at his residence in Baturyn. He was a real Maecenas. He gave great sums of money for building new schools and churches, and for the needs of education on the whole.

 

There are many poems, dramas, novels and historical essays about Hetman Ivan Mazepa. The best known are written by Lord Byron, Victore Hugo, Bohdan Lepkiy, Renai Martel and others.

Ivan Mazepa was a very handsome and charismatic man. He had dark hair, beautiful black eyes and was very attractive till his old age. He met with his greatest love when he was nearly 60. She was Motrya Kotchubei, a very young and beautiful girl. This love story was very romantic, but tragic for both of them.

 

After the tragic for Ukraine Poltava battle Mazepa's plans were ruined. He was forced to immigrate to Benderi, where he died in a short period of time. It was not the age that killed this great patriot, it was nostalgia and the crush-up of his greatest dream.

 

For many years Russian and then Soviet history claimed Hetman Ivan Mazepa as a traitor and his name was forbidden to pronounce. In the memory of the Ukrainian people Hetman Ivan Mazepa has become a symbol of love and devotion to his Motherland, to the idea of independence of Ukraine.

Notes: observer - знавець

yoke -ярмо

 

DISCUSSION

What do you know about the historical period Ivan Mazepa lived in? Why do you think he did not achieve his aim? What country would we live today if he had been a success? What would you do in his place? What results, to your mind, would you achieve?

Translate into English.

1. Перед тим, як повернутись до акторського мистецтва, Брюс Уілліс був особистим охоронцем.

2. Він був твердо переконаний, що переміг у змаганні.

3. Сім’я переїхала до США ще до того, як хлопець пішов до школи.

4. Вони приєднались до групи перед тим, як стемніло.

5. Не всі красиві люди є харизматичними.

6. Іван Мазепа мав особливе вподобання до книжок.

7. Сучасники поважали його за багато визначних якостей.

8. Багато років було заборонено вимовляти ім’я Івана Мазепи.

9. Що допомагало йому уживатися з різними людьми?

10. Не всі сучасники зрозуміли, що Іван Мазепа був дійсно відданим ідеї незалежності України.

Unit 7

Tourism.

Text A

A brief history of tourism

The Romans probably started it with their holiday villas in the Bay of Naples. In the 19th century, the education of the rich and privileged was not complete without a Grand Tour of Europe's cultural sites.

Things started to change for ordinary people in 1845 when Thomas Cook, of Leicester, England, organized the first package tour.

 

It is in the last three decades of the 20th century that tourism has really taken off. Tourism has been industrialized: landscapes, cultures, cuisines, and religions are consumer goods displayed in travel brochures.

Tourism today

The effects of tourism since the 1960s have been incredible. Take just a few examples:

· The Mediterranean shores have a resident population of 130 million, but this increases to 230 million each summer because of the tourists. The United Nations projects that visitors to the region could number 760 million by the year 2025.

· In the Alps, the cable cars have climbed ever higher. More and more peaks have been conquered. It is now an old Swiss joke that the government will have to build new mountains because they have wired up all the old ones.

· American national parks have been operating permit systems for years. But even this is not enough for the most popular sites.

· 108 visitors enter Notre Dame in Paris each minute during opening hours. Thirty-five buses wait outside for their passengers and their fumes eat away at the stonework of the cathedral.

· Poor Venice with its unique, exquisite beauty. On one hot, historic day in 1987, the crowds were so great that the city had to be closed to all visitors.

Until recently, we all believed that travel broadened the mind, but now many believe the exact opposite: 'Modern travel narrows the mind'.

Notes: cable car - фунікулер

to wear away – зносити, стирати

to conquer a peak - здолати /взяти вершину

to operate a permit system - мати пропускну систему

to broaden/ to narrow the mind - розширювати /звужувати світогляд

 

Pre-reading task

Answer the questions.

1. Have you been to the Crimea?

2. Have you visited many tourist spots there?

3. Did you like it there? What did you like in particular?

4. Do you know any Crimean legends?

 

Text B

The Crimean Peninsula stretches southward into the Black Sea. The climate here is the mildest in Ukraine. Crowds of people come here to rest in summer and in early autumn. Rest-houses, sanatoria, tourist attractions, delightful surroundings, wonderful beaches along the southern coast, ancient cities famous for their unusual beauty, attract crowds of tourists.

 

It is especially interesting to visit Bakhchisaray, the former capital of the Tatar Khans. The narrow old-fashioned streets, small houses, the Khans' palace and the mosque (Muslim church) are really worth seeing. There is the famous Fountain of Tears in the Khans' palace. A very romantic legend is connected with it.

 

A Slavic girl Maria was captured by the Tatar hordes and brought to the palace. Khan Crym Hyrei fell in love with the girl and was ready to do whatever she wanted, except let her return home. Maria was desperate and died of sorrow and nostalgia.

The Khan was a cruel, brave and proud man, who did not know how to weep. But the suffering was too painful. So he asked an artist to carve a fountain of stone that would always weep for him.

 

The artist had once been taken from his home, too. He knew the Khan very well and, wondering over his feelings, he said, "If you are able to shed tears, then the stone will surely weep". And since then the fountain has been weeping for the beautiful girl, reminding all people of great love and sorrow and things lost in this cruel world.

 

There are some more very special places in the Crimea. They are the famous Swallow's nest, a magnificent castle on the rock in the sea, the Vorontsov palace with an absolutely splendid winter garden containing sculptures of exquisite beauty.

 

One more place should be mentioned here, that is the remnants of the ancient Greek city-colony Khersones, in the suburbs of Sevastopol. It is very quiet there, only the sea beats against the rocks of the cape, as it did hundreds of years ago. Many turbulent events have swept across this place. It is depicted on our One Hryvnia note, because it is connected with one of the most important events in the history of Kyivan Rus. They say that in that church Prince Volodymir the Great married the Greek princess Anna. The unity of the two powerful countries of those days was ensured.

 

The harbours of the Crimea are noted not only for their attractive sights, but they are very important for our country. The three Sevastopol bays house military and sometimes cargo ships. There are bays all along the coast with rocks sticking out of the sea. The water is clear here, and when the sea is calm, people come swimming and sun-bathing on the wonderful beaches.

But in winter the coast is quite abandoned. Even those, who have holidays in winter, postpone visiting the Crimea till summer.

Notes: cape - мис

аbandoned – покинутий, тут безлюдний

turbulent - бурхливий

swept across - пронеслися

Answer the questions.

1. Where is the Crimean Peninsula situated?

2. What attracts tourists to the Crimea?

3. What does Bakhchisaray look like?

4. What legend is connected with it?

5. What can you say about Vorontsov palace?

6. How is Khersones connected with the history of the Kyivan Rus?

7. Why is Khersones depicted on one Hryvnia note?

8.What can you say about the Crimean bays?

9. How does the summer Crimea differ from the winter one?

DISCUSSION

Unit 8

CITIES

Grammar: Construction There+ to be

Text A

Welcome to a city of unique charm. With its remarkably preserved Renaissance architecture, gently bending streets and hidden ancient niches, Lviv is a Ukrainian city with a European soul. It is a very poetic city steeped in legends both ancient and relatively new.

Lviv was founded by King Danylo Halytskiy in 1256 and was named after his son Lev. Under the long reign of Danylo’s son, Lev (1264-1301), Lviv came to be the capital city of the Halician-Volhynian Kingdom. Lviv had many rulers. But being part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and then Poland contributed to the formation of the city unique image.

In spite of all the whims of history the city has not lost its Ukrainian spirit, and thanks God, Lviv’s delicate architecture of various styles and epochs has not suffered from monstrosities of the Soviet era. So the central part of the city is included in the “World Heritage List” of UNESCO. In this open-air museum you can for hours admire the monuments of different eras created by the combination of numerous nations cultural traditions. No wonder that many of those who visit the city leave with lasting memories and love for Ukraine.

The city’s unperceivable Bohemian aura seemed to magnetically attract unordinary people. There were a lot of geniuses among them, including the Ukrainian opera star singer Solomia Krushelnytska, the Ukrainian writer and publicist Markiyan Shashkevych, the Polish poet Adam Mitskevych, the Ukrainian first president, historian and philosopher Mykhailo Hrushevsky, the most famous Ukrainian composer of the 20^th century Volodymyr Ivasiuk, the biologist and the inventor of typhus vaccine Rudolf Vigel, the classic of Jewish literature Shalom Aleihem, the famous fantasist of the 20th century Stanislav Lem, the first printer Ivan Fedorov and many others, who looked for inspiration for their creative and scientific work in Lviv. The great Ukrainian writer and poet Ivan Franko lived in Lviv and worked in Lviv University (now I. Franko Lviv National University), which was founded in 1661, the oldest in Ukraine.

The monuments of Lviv have become the pride of the city. The best are to Adam Mitskevych, to King Danylo Halytskiy, to Taras Shevchenko, to the victims of the repressions of the Soviet regime and the statue of the Virgin, the city Patroness.

Known as the centre of Ukrainian art and culture, the city boasts many of the country’s brightest and best museums (60), art galleries and theatres. It is also Ukraine’s Mecca – there are magnificent and inspiring churches and cathedrals on just about every corner. Although Lvivians have the reputation as church-goers, they haven’t forgotten how to party. Pubs, clubs, restaurants and coffee houses are plentiful.

The tourist stream to the city is more than a million people per year.

Lviv has established many feasts, such as Coffee and Chocolate feasts, the feast of pampukh, the Day of Batyar, such festivals as “Ethnovyr”, “Krayina Mriy”, the international theatrical festival “Golden Lion”, the youth theatrical festival “Drabyna”, that has already become traditional for the citizens and visitors of Lviv.

According to the research of an international consulting company Monitor Group, the city has a big potential of development. Tourism and IT-sector are the most attractive clusters of development in Lviv.

Lviv is ancient and modern, this makes the city everlasting.

Notes: to be steeped in – бути огорнутим

no wonder that – не дивно, що

reign - правління

About you.

1. If you are a resident of Lviv, what is your favourite place in the city?

2. Describe the place. What do you know about its history?

3. If you were to choose, in what part of the city would you like to live? Why?

4. What would you change in Lviv if you were the authorities?

5. If you are not a resident of Lviv, speak about your native city.

6. If you are not a resident of Lviv, would you like to live there? Why?

You are studying in Lviv and have recently received an email from a friend from your native city, Paul, who is thinking of going on a two-day organized tour round Olesk which is near Lviv. Read Paul’s email and the notes you have made. Then write an email to Paul, using your notes.

Hi Helen

I’m thinking of going on the two-day tour

round Lviv and Olesk you went last year.

Would you recommend? Was it well organized? (Yes, say why)

The advertisement says that Lviv is really majestic (величний)

and Olesk castle is one of the best in Ukraine.

Besides, it houses a collection of furniture and porcelain

which, they say, is worth seeing. Do you agree or do you

think I might find it a bit boring? (You agree, give details)

What about the hotel where you stayed? Did you like it?

It’s a modern 3-star hotel, so it should be OK. (modern, but)

The lecture at the travel agency about the history of the place

seems interesting. Did you listen to the lecture as well? (Yes, give details)

Reply soon.

Paul

8. Put in was or were in each space.

Last night I had a strange dream. I (1)… in the world where all the colours (2)… different. The grass (3) … orange, the trees (4) … white; in the green sky there (5) … a purple sun and a moon the colour of blood. I (6)… a child again, eight years old, and I (7) … lost. But I (8) … not frightened. In front of me there (9)… a long street, stretching as far as I could see. There (10) … houses all painted yellow. There (11)… a very beautiful golden building at a distance. It (12)… like a church.

There (13) … no people, but all around me I heard the noise of big insects. It (14) … neither hot nor warm. I walked until I came to a church. In the church there (15) … hundreds of people, all looking at me. They started to come towards me, slowly at first, then faster and faster. Then I woke up.

Pre-reading task

Text B

Kharkiv is the second largest city in Ukraine after Kyiv. The city is a home for 1.6 million people, including 230.000 students. It used to be the capital of our country in the period of 1918 – 1934, so it is often called “The first capital”.

The official date of Kharkiv’s founding is 1654. According to the popular legend the city was named after a Cossack Kharko who lived there. But a lot of Kharkivites think that the city received its name after the river Kharkiv which banks it stands on. By the 18^th century Kharkiv’s annual fairs attracted increasingly more merchants not only from Kyiv but also from European countries.

 

In 1805, Kharkiv University was founded. It was the first in Livoberezhna Ukraine. At present Kharkiv National University is named after the talented scientist V.N. Karazin who worked hard to raise money for this outstanding project. There are 15 departments at the university.

 

Kharkiv is one of the largest educational centers. There are over 150 state institutions, about 200 secondary schools and the growing number of private educational establishments. Specialists in various fields are trained in Kharkiv state institutions including six academies, 10 universities and eight institutes, among them Kharkiv State Law Academy, Kharkiv Pedagogical University, Kharkiv Institute of Banking and many others.

Now Kharkiv is a major railway junction, an important surface and air transportation centre. Its machine-building and metal-working plants are well-known not only in our country. Kharkiv supplies tractors, powerful turbines, airplanes and generators, highly efficient machine tools and coal-mining equipment, bicycles and textile.

 

Kharkiv’s scientific and experimental base is unique. Every seventh scientist of Ukraine is a Kharkivite. Every fifth scientific institution of our country is located in Kharkiv. One of the most powerful electron accelerators, one of the world largest radio telescopes and one of the largest thermo-nuclear installations in the world are situated there.

 

Kharkiv is a native land for many outstanding personalities. The сomposer M. Lysenko, the writer P. Hulak-Artemovskiy, the poet M. Staritskiy, the physicists I. Kurchatov and A. Ioffe, the Nobel laureates L. Landau and I. Mechnikov, the architect A. Beketov, the mathematicians M. Ostrogradsky and V. Steclov, the philologist O. Potebnya and many other prominent