Read and discuss the text about Feodosiya. Learn the new vocabulary.

Feodosiya is a port and a resort city in the Crimea, Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast. It is one of the most picturesque places on the Crimean coastline. It is like a precious pearl framed with most enchanting tropic trees and flowers.

During much of its history the town was known as Caffa or Kaffa (Crimean Tatar: Kefe).The city was founded under the name of Theodosia by Greek colonists from Miletos in the 6th century BC. Known for its rich agricultural lands, on which its trade depended, it was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD.

 

Theodosia remained a village for much of the next nine hundred years. It was at various times part of the sphere of influence of the Khazars. Excavations have revealed Khazar artifacts dating back to the ninth century. Later it was under the rule of the Byzantine Empire. Like the rest of the Crimea, it was conquered by the Mongols in the 1230s.

 

Between 1204–1261 and again in 1296–1307, the city of Caffa was ruled by Genoa's chief rival, the Republic of Venice. In the late 13^th century, traders from the Republic of Genoa arrived and purchased the town from the ruling Golden Horde. They established a flourishing trading settlement called Caffa which virtually monopolized trade in the Black Sea area and served as the chief port and administrative centre for the Genoese settlements around the Sea. It used to house one of Europe's biggest slave markets. It is sadly known from many Ukrainian folk songs.

Because the Genoese started intervening in the internal affairs of the Crimean Khanate, a Turkish vassal, seized the city in 1475. Renamed Kefe, Caffa became one of the most important Turkish ports on the Black Sea.

Ottoman control ceased when the expanding Russian Empire conquered the whole Crimea in 1783. It was renamed Feodosiya in 1802, a Russian version of the ancient Greek name.

Under the soviet power the Crimea belonged to Russia. However in 1954, it was transferred to the administrative control of the Ukrainian SSR.

Modern Feodosiya is a popular resort city. It has beaches, mineral springs, and mud baths, and is famous for its numerous sanatoria and rest homes. Apart from tourism, its economy rests on agriculture and fisheries, with local industries including fishing, brewing and canning.

Feodosiya has "small town charm" yet with all the modern conveniences. The city is sparsely populated during the winter months. Most of the cafes and restaurants are closed. Business and tourism begin to increase in mid-June and peak during the months of July and August. During the summer months the city bustles but never has an overcrowded feel to it.

 

There are plenty of places to see. Spacious embankment attracts crowds of people day and night. Ayvazovskiy picture Gallery, situated just on the embankment, enchants everyone who loves seascape paintings. Alexander Grin museum is a romantic poem about a great dreamer. The churches of Feodosia, some of them dating back to the 14^th century, draw us by the genuine charm of the ancient times. The Genoese fortress reminds us of power and might of the former great republic.

Feodosiya is charming, Feodosiya is graceful, Feodosiya is calm and very attractive. One has to visit the city to feel it and … to love it.

Notes: brewing and canning. – пивоваріння та консервна (галузь)

the city bustles – місто «кипить»

 

Answer the following questions.

1. Where is Feodosiya situated?

2. Who was the city founded by?

3. Whose sphere of interest did the city become after the 4^th cent. A.D.?

4. Who conquered the Crimea in1230?

5. How did the republic of Genoa acquire (придбала) the city?

6. What status did the city get under the Genoese?

7. When did the city become a Turkish port?

8. When did the Russian Empire conquer the Crimea?

9. What is modern Feodosiya famous for?

Read and discuss the text Living in the City (pros and cons). Learn the new vocabulary.

Living in the city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need to own a car. Also, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the theatre or a concert. What is more, when you want to relax, you can usually find a park where you can feed the ducks or just sit on a park bench and read a book. All in all, city life is full of variety and you never feel bored.

 

However for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but unless it is very well-paid, you will not be able to afford many of the things the city provides, because living in a city is often very expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. What is more, public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hours, and even the parks can become very crowded, especially on Sundays. But despite all the crowds it is still possible to feel very lonely in the city.

Speak or write about the pros and cons of living in the country.

Unit 9 Food

1. Read the text about Healthy eating and discuss it.

We must agree that in our time we have a very great choice of foods available in the shops. These include imported foods, which are a traditional part of eating in other countries, as well as from food manufacturers. As a result, it has become more difficult to know which foods to choose for a healthy diet.

 

Healthy eating helps reduce the risk of developing many diseases such as heart disease, cancer, obesity, and tooth decay. By eating a good variety and balance of foods, taking regular exercise, not drinking too much, and not smoking at all, you can give yourself the best chance of living, a better and healthier life.

I can mark some main rules of healthy eating. They are:

1. You must enjoy your food.

2. You must eat a variety of foods.

3. You must eat plenty of foods rich in starch and fibre.

4. Don't eat too much fat.

5. Don't eat sugary foods too often.

6. You must look after the vitamins and minerals in your food.

7. If you drink, keep within sensible limits.

8. Eat the right amount to be a healthy weight.

Eating is an important part of everyone's life. Foods are chosen for all sorts of reasons, not just to get the nutrients you need. The taste, smell, colour, and how foods look are all important. Religion, cost, availability, and the way you live may all affect the choices you make about the foods you eat. Eating may be a chance to sit down with the family or for a social occasion with friends. Or it may be a rushed snack grabbed during a spare five minutes.

Above all, it is important to enjoy food. All foods provide you with some nutrients and add variety, but some foods should not be eaten too often or in large quantities if you want to be more sure of enjoying good health.

 

Food provides nutrients to help the body work properly. A mixture of nutrients is obtained from food. No single food contains them all in the amounts needed, so we have to eat a mixture of foods to get the right amount. You can make this easier by choosing foods from each of the four main food groups each day. To get as much variety as you can, it is important not always to select the same foods from each group.

The 4 food groups are:

Starchy food

Dairy foods

Meat, poultry, fish, and alternatives

Vegetables and fruit

There are other foods such as cakes, biscuits and sweets that add variety and can be part of a healthy diet, but they should not' replace the foods from these four food groups.

Read the statements and discuss them.

Myth #1: Cutting down on portion size is the best way to lose weight.

Not on its own. If you attempt to lose weight by just eating less, you are likely to gain the weight back. Lasting results will come from changing the types of foods you eat, not just the amounts.

 

Myth #2: Just cut out fat and you'll lose weight.

This approach to weight loss, popular in the 80s, simply doesn't work for most people. Even if a food is labeled "fat-free," it can still be high in calories from sugar and hidden carbs. Effective weight loss comes from being mindful of your total calorie consumption as well as your fat intake.