Learn the active vocabulary of the unit.

reason for	strict	obviously	timetable
attitude to	rude	suggestion	significance
to try	to approve of	to require	seldom = rarely
to stay	freedom	courage	quarrel
to retire	to fit smb.	belief	to explain
to do well	instead of	evil	phenomenon
primary school	success	(human) being	essential
optional	adult	capable of	interference (with)
to teach (taught)	to belike	to make	to improve
to be bored	according to	to give up	to produce
apart from

Text A

Education is important in every country, but in Japan it is even more important. There is one main reason for it. It is the Japanese attitude to jobs. In Britain, for example, many people want to try more than one job in their lives. You can try lots of things until you find the right job. In Japan it is different. Most jobs are for life, people usually stay with the same company from the time they leave school or university until they retire. So the children must do well at school to get a good job when they leave, because after that it’s too late.

 

They have to work hard. The hard work starts at twelve when they leave primary school and move to junior high school, where the atmosphere is different from primary school. It is less relaxed and more competitive. There are about forty pupils in each class, and discipline is quite strict. The pupils sit in rows, and before each lesson they stand up and bow to the teacher. The teacher talks and the children listen and take notes. They don’t ask questions. It’s considered rude to question a teacher.

 

The children go to school on Saturdays too. They also go to special extra schools in the evening so they are really busy most of the time. They don’t have much holiday. They go back to school because that’s when they have club activities – sports clubs, English clubs. Japanese children don’t have time to be bored, so they love school.

Answer the questions to the text.

1. Why is education so important in Japan?

2. Children must do well at school. Why?

3. At what age do they start to work hard?

4. How many pupils are there in each class?

5. Are Ukrainian classes bigger? Prove your point.

6. What do the Japanese pupils do in class?

7. In what way do they greet their teacher? What about Ukrainian children?

8. What do Japanese children do in the evening?

9. Do they have a long holiday?

10. How do they spend their weekends and holidays?

Work in pairs. Ask each other your own questions and answer them.

Give your opinion of Japanese schools and school education in Ukraine. What kind of school is good to your mind?

What school have you finished? Did your studies at the secondary school influence your choice of higher education?

WORD FORMATION

Complete the chart with different parts of speech. Use your dictionary to help you. Comment on the suffixes. Find the words in the text below and translate them.

Adjective	adverb	noun	verb
		freedom
	obviously	-	-
(un)creative
	-	suggestion
		courage	-
-	-		require
		belief
		significance	-
rare			-
	-	influence
	-		retire

Use the words from the chart to fill the blanks in the sentences. Translate the sentences.

1. If we lose our … we have nothing else to lose. (prov.) (свобода)

2. A … foe (enemy) is better than a cowardly friend. (prov.) (відважний)

3. He who loses his wealth loses much; he who loses even one friend loses more; but he that loses his... loses all. (prov.) (відвага)

4. … nothing of what you hear, and only half of what you see. (prov.) (вірити)

5. None can be … who is a slave to his passions. (prov.) (вільний)

6. We have not found any … solution to the problem. (очевидний)

7. Are you a … person? (творча)

8. Most schools … wearing uniforms. (вимагати)

9. He has a... talent for languages and art. (рідкісний)

10. Children do much under the … of those they respect. (вплив)

_________

 

Translate the sentences with the verbs in the Present Perfect Tense Form into English using the active vocabulary. Follow the example.

Example: 1. Я /Ми/ ви/ вони виграла / виграли перший приз.

I /We /You/ They have won the first prize.

2. Він/вона виграв/ виграла перший приз.

He /She has won the first prize.

1. Я приїхала сюди замість свого керівника.

2. Останнім часом ми почули багато корисних пропозицій.

3. Мій секретар уже склав розклад занять для семінару.

4. Найістотнішу частину роботи група вже виконала.

5. Вона намагалася прогресувати.

6. Цього місяця мій друг зупинявся (проживав) у готелі у Лондоні.

7. Директор школи (Principal) нещодавно пішов на пенсію.

8. Дорослі зазвичай діють відповідно до інструкцій і поки-що нічого не змінилося.

9. Ми є в бізнесі вже 20 років і розуміємо важливість вашого рішення.

10. Мені ніколи не було нудно.

 

Make up your own sentences of the same model. Use the verbs from the list of active vocabulary. Write them down.

Make the English sentences from Ex. 1 interrogative and negative. Follow the example.

Example:

He has won the first prize.

Has he won the first prize?

He has not (hasn’t) won the first prize.

 

Read the text about Summerhill. Pick up the sentences with the Present Perfect Tense Form and translate them.

Text B

This is Mr. O’Neil’s, the headmaster’s story of a modern school.

Summerhill was started as an experimental school. It has become a demonstration school, which shows that freedom works.

 

When we started the school, we had one main idea - to make the school fit the child - instead of making the child fit the school. Obviously, a school that makes active children sit at desks studying mostly useless subjects is a bad school.

 

Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we have given up all discipline, all direction, all suggestion, all moral training, all religious instruction. It did not require courage. All it required was what we had - a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being.

 

My view is that a child is innately wise and realistic. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the innate ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars; while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Although I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than a neurotic scholar.

 

What is Summerhill like? Well, for one thing, lessons are optional. Children can go to them or stay away from them for years if they want to. There is a timetable - but only for the teachers. The children have classes usually according to their age, but sometimes according to their interests. We have not involved new methods of teaching, because we do not consider them significant.

 

Summerhill is possibly the happiest school in the world. We very rarely have fights because children when free have much less hate to express than children who are under pressure. Hate causes hate, and love produces love.

 

Love means approving of children and that is essential in any school. You can't be on the side of children if you punish them and shout at them. Summerhill is a school in which the child knows that he or she is approved of. The function of the child is to live his own life, not a life a teacher or a parent thinks is best. All their interference only produces a generation of robots.

Notes: innately- природжено

I would rather see … - я б швидше побачив

scholar - вчений

for one thing – насамперед

Answer the questions to the text.

1. What kind of school is Summerhill?

2. What idea did Mr. O’Neil have when they started the school?

3. What school, to Mr. O’Neil’s opinion, is a bad school?

4. Who is it good for?

5. Why were the schools Mr. O’Neil taught in bad schools?

6. What was the basic thing they allowed the children in Summerhill?

7. What did they have to do to achieve this?

8. What did such a step require?

9. What is Mr. O’Neil’s view of the child?

10. How do they develop human abilities?

 

Work in pairs. Ask each other your own questions and answer them.

Do you like the idea of Summerhill? What do you agree with and what not? Would you like your future child to study in such kind of a school? Why or why not? Work with your partner. Ask him the same questions.

Give your idea of a perfect school. Write down a passage to convey your idea.