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Unit 5 History of Psychology Phenomenology and Existentialism
Содержание книги
- Text 1: the Russian Federation
- Table: Modern history of Great Britain
- Text 2: Prozac - discovering happiness.
- Сложное дополнение (complex object. )
- He started reading the book.
- Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях
- Using the pseudonym Dr. Mises, he wrote a number of satires about the medicine and philosophy of his day.
- Sir Francis died in 1911, after an incredibly productive life.
- In 1920, he wrote Erlebtes and Erkanntes, his autobiography. A short time later, on August 31, 1920, he died.
- The observer must maintain strained attention.
- History of Psychology: Psychoanalysis
- Charcot died in Morvan, France, on August 16,1893.
- It was Freud who would later add what Breuer did not acknowledge publicly — that secret sexual desires lay at the bottom of all these hysterical neuroses.
- Transference, catharsis, and insight
- Ego, personal unconcious, and collective unconscious
- Other archetypes include father, child, family, hero, maiden, animal, wise old man, the hermaphrodite, God, and the first man.
- Adler added that, at the center of each of our lifestyles, there sits one of these fictions, an important one about who we are and where we are going.
- Hans Eysenck to understand the differences between introverts and extra verts.
- The following year, he was made an instructor. He developed a well-run animal lab where he worked with i ate, monkeys, and terns. Johns Hopkins offered him a
- In 1936, he was hired as vice-president of another agency, William Esty and Company. He devoted himself to business until he retired ten years later. He died in New York City on September 25, 1958.
- Although he appreciated the behaviorist agenda for making psychology into a true objective science, he felt Watson and others had gone too far.
- A behavior followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an increased probability of that behavior occurring in the future.
- Unit 5 History of Psychology Phenomenology and Existentialism
- His last work, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology (1936), introduced the concept of Lebenswelt. The next year, he became ill and, on April 27, 1938, he died.
- We become authentic by thinking about being, by facing anxiety and death head-on. Here, he says, lies joy.
- Kurt Koffka was born March 18, 1886, in Berlin. He received his PhD from the University of Berlin in 1909, and, just like Kohler, became an assistant at Frankfurt.
- This theory inspired any number of psychologists in the U.S., most particularly those in social psychology. Among the people he influenced were Muzafer Sherif, Solomon Asch, and Leon Festinger.
- Other people's homes while his parents continued their life in India.
- Donald Olding Hebb was born in 1904 in Chester, Nova Scotia. He graduated from Dalhousie University in 1925, and tried to begin a career as a novelist. He wound up as a school principle in Quebec.
- Towards the environmental psychology of his friend J. J. Gibson.
- A spirit of caste is also bad, which compels a man of genius to select his wife from a narrow neighborhood or from the members of a few families.
- The grass out of the window now looks to me of the
- But we do far more than emphasize things, and unite some, and keep others apart. We actually ignore most of the things before us. Let me briefly show how this goes on.
- I have represented the structural relations within the mental personality, as I have explained them to you, in a simple diagram, which I here reproduce.
- We said good-bye, and I made an effort to thank Mrs. Nash, but she seemed to be puzzled by that too, and Frazier frowned as if I had committed some breach of good taste.
- Frazier held out his hands in an exaggerated gesture of appeal.
- I haven't been acting like myself; it doesn't seem like me; I'm a different person altogether from what I used to be in the past.
- I will work toward my degree; I'll start looking for a Job this week.
- Chapter X General description of the types
- Suffers, to say nothing of the soul. Although, as a rule, the extravert takes small note of this latter circumstance,
- As a result of the general attitude of extraversion, thinking is orientated by the object and objective data. This orientation of thinking produces a noticeable peculiarity.
- Or less tautological position. The materialistic mentality presents a magnificent example of this.
- We have now outlined two extreme figures, between which terminals the majority of these types may be graduated.
- The ascendancy of the feeling that is chained to the object.
- here — здесь, тут there — там
Franz Brentano
Franz Brentano was born January 16,1838 in Marien-berg, Germany. He became a priest in 1864 and began teaching two years later at the University of Wurzburg. Religious doubts led him to leave the priesthood and resign from his teaching position in 1873.
The following year, he wrote Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint. It was in this book that he introduced the concept that is most associated with him: in-tentionality or immanent objectivity. This is the idea that what makes mind different from things is that mental acts are always directed at something beyond themselves: Seeing implies something seen, willing means something willed, imagining implies something imagined, judging points at something judged. Intentional-ity links the subject and the object in a very powerful way. He was given a position as professor at the University of Vienna soon after.
In 1880, he tried to marry, but his marriage was forbidden by the Austrian government, who still considered him a priest. He left his professorship and moved to Leipzig to get married. The next year, he was permitted to come back to the University of Vienna, as a lecturer.
He was quite popular with students. Among them were Cnrl Stumpf and Edmund Husserl, the founders of phe-
Nomenology, and Sigmund Freud himself. Brentano retired in 1895, but continued to write until his death on March 17, 1917, in Zurich.
Carl Stumpf
Carl Stumpf was born April 21,1884 in Wiesentheid in Bavaria. He was strongly influenced by Brentano. As lecturer at the University of Gottingen, he published The Psychological Origins of Space Perception in 1870. In 1873, he became a professor at the University of Wurz-burg. His masterwork, Tone Psychology, was completed during a series of professorships at Prague, Halle, and Munich.
He became a professor and the director of the institute of experimental psychology at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University in Berlin in 1894, where he continued his work on the psychology of music, started a journal on the subject, and began an archive of primitive music.
Stumpf retired in 1921, continuing his work until his death on December 15, 1936, in Berlin. With Husserl, he is considered a cofounder of phenomenology and in particular an inspiration to the Gestalt psychologists.
Edmund Husserl
Edmund Husserl was born on April 8, 1859 in Pross-nitz, Moravia. He studied philosophy, math, and physics at Leipzig, Berlin, and Vienna and received his doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1882 in mathematics. The next year, he moved to Vienna to study under Franz Brentano.
Husserl, born into a Jewish family, converted to Lu-theranism in 1886, and married Mai vine Steinschneider in 1887, also a convert. They had three children. In these same years, he went to study with Carl Stumpf at the University of Halle and became a lecturer there. They became good friends and exchanged ideas.
While at Halle, he agonized over the connection between mathematics and the nature of the mind. He recognized that his original ideas, which involved mathematics as coming out of psychology, were misguided. So he began the development of his brand of phenomenology as a way of investigating the nature of experience itself. This led to the publication of Logical Investigations in 1900.
He was invited to a professorship at the University of Gottingen in 1901, where students began to form a circle around him and his work. He also developed a friendship with Wilhelm Dilthey, and was influenced by Dilthey's ideas concerning the historical context of science.
In 1916, he went to the University of Freiburg. Here he wrote First Philosophy (1923-1924), which outline his belief that phenomenology offered a means towards moral development and abetter world. He received many honors and gave guest lectures at the University of London, the University of Amsterdam, and the Sorbonne, making his ideas available to a new, wider audience.
He retired in 1928. Martin Heidegger, with Husserl's strong approval, was appointed his successor. As Heidegger's work developed into the basis of existentialism, Husserl distanced himself from the new movement.
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