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Using the pseudonym Dr. Mises, he wrote a number of satires about the medicine and philosophy of his day.
Содержание книги
- Text 1: the Russian Federation
- Table: Modern history of Great Britain
- Text 2: Prozac - discovering happiness.
- Сложное дополнение (complex object. )
- He started reading the book.
- Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях
- Using the pseudonym Dr. Mises, he wrote a number of satires about the medicine and philosophy of his day.
- Sir Francis died in 1911, after an incredibly productive life.
- In 1920, he wrote Erlebtes and Erkanntes, his autobiography. A short time later, on August 31, 1920, he died.
- The observer must maintain strained attention.
- History of Psychology: Psychoanalysis
- Charcot died in Morvan, France, on August 16,1893.
- It was Freud who would later add what Breuer did not acknowledge publicly — that secret sexual desires lay at the bottom of all these hysterical neuroses.
- Transference, catharsis, and insight
- Ego, personal unconcious, and collective unconscious
- Other archetypes include father, child, family, hero, maiden, animal, wise old man, the hermaphrodite, God, and the first man.
- Adler added that, at the center of each of our lifestyles, there sits one of these fictions, an important one about who we are and where we are going.
- Hans Eysenck to understand the differences between introverts and extra verts.
- The following year, he was made an instructor. He developed a well-run animal lab where he worked with i ate, monkeys, and terns. Johns Hopkins offered him a
- In 1936, he was hired as vice-president of another agency, William Esty and Company. He devoted himself to business until he retired ten years later. He died in New York City on September 25, 1958.
- Although he appreciated the behaviorist agenda for making psychology into a true objective science, he felt Watson and others had gone too far.
- A behavior followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an increased probability of that behavior occurring in the future.
- Unit 5 History of Psychology Phenomenology and Existentialism
- His last work, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology (1936), introduced the concept of Lebenswelt. The next year, he became ill and, on April 27, 1938, he died.
- We become authentic by thinking about being, by facing anxiety and death head-on. Here, he says, lies joy.
- Kurt Koffka was born March 18, 1886, in Berlin. He received his PhD from the University of Berlin in 1909, and, just like Kohler, became an assistant at Frankfurt.
- This theory inspired any number of psychologists in the U.S., most particularly those in social psychology. Among the people he influenced were Muzafer Sherif, Solomon Asch, and Leon Festinger.
- Other people's homes while his parents continued their life in India.
- Donald Olding Hebb was born in 1904 in Chester, Nova Scotia. He graduated from Dalhousie University in 1925, and tried to begin a career as a novelist. He wound up as a school principle in Quebec.
- Towards the environmental psychology of his friend J. J. Gibson.
- A spirit of caste is also bad, which compels a man of genius to select his wife from a narrow neighborhood or from the members of a few families.
- The grass out of the window now looks to me of the
- But we do far more than emphasize things, and unite some, and keep others apart. We actually ignore most of the things before us. Let me briefly show how this goes on.
- I have represented the structural relations within the mental personality, as I have explained them to you, in a simple diagram, which I here reproduce.
- We said good-bye, and I made an effort to thank Mrs. Nash, but she seemed to be puzzled by that too, and Frazier frowned as if I had committed some breach of good taste.
- Frazier held out his hands in an exaggerated gesture of appeal.
- I haven't been acting like myself; it doesn't seem like me; I'm a different person altogether from what I used to be in the past.
- I will work toward my degree; I'll start looking for a Job this week.
- Chapter X General description of the types
- Suffers, to say nothing of the soul. Although, as a rule, the extravert takes small note of this latter circumstance,
- As a result of the general attitude of extraversion, thinking is orientated by the object and objective data. This orientation of thinking produces a noticeable peculiarity.
- Or less tautological position. The materialistic mentality presents a magnificent example of this.
- We have now outlined two extreme figures, between which terminals the majority of these types may be graduated.
- The ascendancy of the feeling that is chained to the object.
- here — здесь, тут there — там
But he also used it to communicate, often in an amusing
if
Way, his spiritual perspective. As a panpsychist, he believed that all of nature was alive and capable of awareness of one degree or another. Even the planet earth itself, he believed, had a soul. He called this the day-view, and opposed it to the night-view of materialism.
Further, he felt that our lives come in three stages — the fetal life, the ordinary life, and the life after death. When we die, our souls join with other souls as part of the supreme soul.
It was double-aspectism that led him to study (and name) psychophysics, which he defined as the study of the systematic relationships between physical events and mental events. In 1860, he topped his career by publishing the Elements of Psychophysics.
In this book, he introduced a mathematical expression of Weber's Law, and named it such. The expression looked like this...
*R /R = к
which means that the proportion of the minimum change in stimulus detectable (*R) to the strength of the stimulus (R) is a constant (k). (R is for the German Reiz, meaning stimulus.) Or...
S = klogR
Where S is the experienced sensation.
What Weber and Fechner showed that makes them far more significant than just Weber's Law is that psychological events are in fact tied to measurable physical events in a systematic way, which everyone had thought impossible. Psychology could be a science after all.
Sir Francis Galton
Francis Galton was born February 16, 1822 near Birmingham, England. He was the youngest of 7 children, and first cousin of Charles Darwin. His father, a wealthy banker, insisted on educating Francis at home, especially considering that Francis could read at 2and a half years old.
Later in childhood, he was sent off to boarding school, which he despised and criticized even in adulthood. At 16, he went to medical school at King's College at Oxford. He finished his degree at Cambridge in 1843, at 21.
His father died, leaving Galton a wealthy young aristocrat. He traveled extensively and became a member of the Royal Geographical Society, for which he developed maps of new territories and accounts of his adventures. He became president of that organization in1856.
Galton had a penchant for measuring everything — extending even to the behinds of women he encountered in his travels (something he had to do from a distance, of course, by means of triangulation). This interest in measurement led to his invention of the weathermap (including highs, lows, and front — terms he introduced), and to suggesting the use of fingerprints to Scotland Yard.
His obsession eventually led to his efforts at measuring intelligence. In 1869, he published Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences, in which he demonstrates that the children of geniuses tend to be geniuses themselves.
In 1874, he produced English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture, based on long surveys passed out to thousands of established scientists. In this volume, he noted that, although the potential for high intelligence is still clearly inherited, that it also needed to be nurtured to come to full fruition. In particular, the broad, liberal education provided by the Scottish school system proved far superior to the English school system he hated so much.
In 1883, he wrote Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development. This would be the first time anyone compared identical and fraternal twins, a method now considered ideal when investigating nature vs nurture issues.
In 1888, he published Co-Relations and Their Measurement, Chiefly from Anthropometric Data. As the title suggests, it was Galton who invented correlation, as well as scatter plots and regression toward the mean. Later, Karl Pearson (1857-1936) would discover the mathematical formulation of correlation.
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