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This theory inspired any number of psychologists in the U.S., most particularly those in social psychology. Among the people he influenced were Muzafer Sherif, Solomon Asch, and Leon Festinger.
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- Text 1: the Russian Federation
- Table: Modern history of Great Britain
- Text 2: Prozac - discovering happiness.
- Сложное дополнение (complex object. )
- He started reading the book.
- Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях
- Using the pseudonym Dr. Mises, he wrote a number of satires about the medicine and philosophy of his day.
- Sir Francis died in 1911, after an incredibly productive life.
- In 1920, he wrote Erlebtes and Erkanntes, his autobiography. A short time later, on August 31, 1920, he died.
- The observer must maintain strained attention.
- History of Psychology: Psychoanalysis
- Charcot died in Morvan, France, on August 16,1893.
- It was Freud who would later add what Breuer did not acknowledge publicly — that secret sexual desires lay at the bottom of all these hysterical neuroses.
- Transference, catharsis, and insight
- Ego, personal unconcious, and collective unconscious
- Other archetypes include father, child, family, hero, maiden, animal, wise old man, the hermaphrodite, God, and the first man.
- Adler added that, at the center of each of our lifestyles, there sits one of these fictions, an important one about who we are and where we are going.
- Hans Eysenck to understand the differences between introverts and extra verts.
- The following year, he was made an instructor. He developed a well-run animal lab where he worked with i ate, monkeys, and terns. Johns Hopkins offered him a
- In 1936, he was hired as vice-president of another agency, William Esty and Company. He devoted himself to business until he retired ten years later. He died in New York City on September 25, 1958.
- Although he appreciated the behaviorist agenda for making psychology into a true objective science, he felt Watson and others had gone too far.
- A behavior followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an increased probability of that behavior occurring in the future.
- Unit 5 History of Psychology Phenomenology and Existentialism
- His last work, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology (1936), introduced the concept of Lebenswelt. The next year, he became ill and, on April 27, 1938, he died.
- We become authentic by thinking about being, by facing anxiety and death head-on. Here, he says, lies joy.
- Kurt Koffka was born March 18, 1886, in Berlin. He received his PhD from the University of Berlin in 1909, and, just like Kohler, became an assistant at Frankfurt.
- This theory inspired any number of psychologists in the U.S., most particularly those in social psychology. Among the people he influenced were Muzafer Sherif, Solomon Asch, and Leon Festinger.
- Other people's homes while his parents continued their life in India.
- Donald Olding Hebb was born in 1904 in Chester, Nova Scotia. He graduated from Dalhousie University in 1925, and tried to begin a career as a novelist. He wound up as a school principle in Quebec.
- Towards the environmental psychology of his friend J. J. Gibson.
- A spirit of caste is also bad, which compels a man of genius to select his wife from a narrow neighborhood or from the members of a few families.
- The grass out of the window now looks to me of the
- But we do far more than emphasize things, and unite some, and keep others apart. We actually ignore most of the things before us. Let me briefly show how this goes on.
- I have represented the structural relations within the mental personality, as I have explained them to you, in a simple diagram, which I here reproduce.
- We said good-bye, and I made an effort to thank Mrs. Nash, but she seemed to be puzzled by that too, and Frazier frowned as if I had committed some breach of good taste.
- Frazier held out his hands in an exaggerated gesture of appeal.
- I haven't been acting like myself; it doesn't seem like me; I'm a different person altogether from what I used to be in the past.
- I will work toward my degree; I'll start looking for a Job this week.
- Chapter X General description of the types
- Suffers, to say nothing of the soul. Although, as a rule, the extravert takes small note of this latter circumstance,
- As a result of the general attitude of extraversion, thinking is orientated by the object and objective data. This orientation of thinking produces a noticeable peculiarity.
- Or less tautological position. The materialistic mentality presents a magnificent example of this.
- We have now outlined two extreme figures, between which terminals the majority of these types may be graduated.
- The ascendancy of the feeling that is chained to the object.
- here — здесь, тут there — там
Kurt Goldstein
The other person was Kurt Goldstein. Born in 1878, he received his MD from the University of Breslau in 1903. He went to teach at the Neurological Institute of the University of Frankfurt, where he met the founders of Gestalt psychology.
He went to Berlin to be a professor there, and then went on to New York City in 1935. There, he wrote The Organism in 1939, and later Human Nature in the Light of Pathology in 1963. He died in 1965.
Golstein developed a holistic view of brain function, bused on research that showed that people with brain damage learned to use other parts of their brains in com-ptnsation. He extended his holism to the entire organ-iт. and postulated that there was only one drive in hu-man functioning, and coined the term self-actualization. I Itlf preservation, the usual postulated central motive, Кб aid. is actually pathological.
Goldstein and his idea of self-actualization influence (julto н few young personality theorists and therapists.
A ig them would be Gordon Allport, Carl Rogers, and
Ala sham Maslow, founders of the American humanistic г < Imlogy movement.
Unit 7
History of Psychology: The Cognitive Movement
The roots of the cognitive movement are extremely varied: It includes gestalt psychology, behaviorism, even humanism; it has absorbed the ideas of E. C. Tolman, Albert Bandura, and George Kelly; it includes thinkers from linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, and engineering; and it especially involves specialists in computer technology and the field of artificial intelligence. Let's start by looking at three of the greatest information processing theorists: Norbert Wiener, Alan Turing, and Ludwig von Bertalanffy.
Norbert Wiener
Norbert Wiener was born November 26, 1894 in Columbia, Missouri. His father was a professor of Slavic languages who wanted more than anything for his son to be a genius. Fortunately, Norbert was up to the task. He was reading by age three, started high school at nine, graduated at 11, got his bachelors at 14, and his masters — from Harvard, — at 17. His received his PhD a year later, in 1913, with a dissertation on mathematical logic.
After graduation, he went to Cambridge to study under Bertrand Russell, and then to the University of Gottingen to study under the famous mathematician David Hilbert. When he returned, he taught at Columbia, Harvard, and Maine University, spent a year as a staff writer for the Encyclopedia Americana, another year as a journalist for the Boston Herald, and (though a pacifist) worked as a mathematician for the army.
Finally, in 1919, he became a professor of mathematics at MIT, where he would stay put until 1960. He married Margaret Engemann in 1926, and they had two daughters.
He began by studying the movement of particles and quantum physics, which led him to develop an interest in information transmission and control mechanisms. While working on the latter, he coined the term cybernetics, from the Greek word for steersman, to refer to any system that has built-in correction mechanisms, i.e. is self-steering. Appropriately, he worked on control mechanisms for the military during World War II.
In 1948, he published Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. In this book, he introduced such terms as input, output, and feedback.
Later, in 1964, he published the book God and Golem, Inc., which he subtitled «a comment on certain points where cybernetics impinges on religion*. He was concerned that someday machines may overtake us, their creators. That same year, he won the National Medal of.' '.dence. A few weeks later, March 18, he died in Stockholm, Sweden.
Alan M. Turing
Alan Turing was born June 23, 1912 in Paddington, London, the second child of Julius Mathison Turing and Bthel Sara Stoney. His parents met while his father and Dl mother's father were serving in Madras, India, as part "I the Civil Service. He and his brother were raised in
Part II
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