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Grammar Prepositions of place and time. In grammar, a preposition is a word which is used before a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun, connecting it to another word. In the sentences:
"in" and "on" are prepositions Generally speaking one can classify prepositions in three groups: prepositions of time, prepositions of place and other types of prepositions. Visit the pages below to study each type. We provide explanations along with some examples 1. Prepositions of time The preposition AT is used in the following descriptions of time: With clock times:
With specific times of day, or mealtimes:
With festivals:
In certain fixed expressions which refer to specific points in time:
**Note that in American English, on the weekend is the correct form.
The preposition IN is used in the following descriptions of time: With months, years, seasons, and longer periods of time:
With periods of time during the day:
To describe the amount of time needed to do something:
The preposition ON is used in the following descriptions of time: With days of the week, and parts of days of the week:
Note that in spoken English, on is often omitted in this context, e.g.: I’ll see you Friday. With dates:
With special days:
If we examine these different aspects of usage for the three prepositions, a general pattern emerges. At is generally used in reference to specific times on the clock or points of time in the day. In generally refers to longer periods of time, several hours or more. On is used with dates and named days of the week. Exercises. a) Complete the sentences with Prepositions of time. 1. What did you do... your history lesson? 2. How many pupils are there... your class? 3. Is there anybody... the classroom? 4. Would you like to live... another country? 5. We sometimes stay... school late. 6. There were 20,000 people... the football match. 7. My mother is not... home, she is... work. 8. Were there many familiar people … the concert? 9. I have seen a brilliant play … the theatre. 10. My friend won the first place... the 400-metres race. 11. You can watch hockey match... TV today. 2. Prepositions of place The preposition AT is used in the following descriptions of place/position: With specific places/points in space:
With public places and shops:
With addresses:
With events:
The preposition ON is used in the following descriptions of place/position: With surfaces, or things that can be thought of as surfaces:
With roads/streets, or other things that can be thought of as a line, e.g.: rivers:
The preposition IN is used in the following descriptions of place/position: With geographical regions:
With cities, towns and larger areas:
With buildings/rooms and places that can be thought of as surrounding a person or object on all sides:
With containers:
With liquids and other substances, to show what they contain:
Exercises a) Complete the sentence with preposition of place: There's nobody waiting____the bus stop. 1. Meet me____the bus station. 2. I often have a coffee____the Calypso Cafe. 3. I'm a student____Brighton College. 4. Molly is____work at the moment. 5. He saw a nest... the tree. 6. How many misprints are there... this book? 7. Don’t sit... the window. 8. Is the post-office close... your house? 9. What subjects do you study... school? b ) Translate into English. рядом с его домом, среди нас, между двумя большими домами, вокруг стола, у окна, у двери, далеко от школы, перед нашим офисом, под кроватью, по ту сторону реки, напротив ее дома, позади меня, над ее головой, над столом, под землей, в школе, в доме, вне дома. на столе, на стене Impersonal sentences. In many kinds of English sentences, you will find the word “it” or the word “there” in the subject position. These are usually “impersonal” sentences — sentences where there is no natural subject. This introduction will help you to understand when to use “it” and when to use “there”. 1. Impersonal “it”
2. Impersonal “there” Impersonal “there” is used to say that something exists in a particular place:
Exercises a)Translate into Russian. It’s impossible. It’s a pity. It’s surprising. It’s very strange. It’s natural. It’s suspicious. b) Continue the sentence. Example: It’s not tIt is useless to: - It is useless to learn rules without examples - бесполезно учить правила без примеров 1. It’s difficult for him to… 2. It’s not interesting to… 3. It’s important to… 4. It’s wonderful to… 5. It’s not serious to… 6. It’s impossible to… 7. It’s exciting to… 8. It’s not easy for me to… c) Write the questions to the following impersonal sentences: 1. It’s time to work again 2. It’s a good time for swimming in this region 3. It’s really pleasant morning today 4. It’s expensive to buy vegetables at this market 5. It’s a walking distance to Pushkin street 6. It’s getting dark at 5 7. It’s necessary to that right now 8. It’s really some good news d) Rewrite the following impersonal sentences in negative form. 1. It was a good holiday 2. It was a very cold day yesterday 3. It is necessary to send it urgently 4. It is a convenient train 5. It was difficult to recognize him at once 6. It was interesting to read this article 7. It is exciting to climb in the mountains 8. It was an important experiment
Post-listening exercises What does the man plan to wear during the summer months? 2. What is one thing the man is NOT going to pack for the winter season? 3. What is the weather like in the spring? 4. What is an example of an occasion where the man might need formal clothes? 5. What did the man wear to his high school graduation? Writing
Describe a picture; use the following words and clichés: There is…\there are…, I think…, in my opinion…, as well as… also. Customer, shop assistant, expensive, cheap, to buy, to sell, to bargain. 2. Write about your personal style; what do you prefer wearing? Why?
Reading Pre-reading task: give the definition to the words: Shop, gift, credit card. Shopping is a necessary part of life which very few people can avoid. It is a daily routine for some people. Some people shop for pleasure while other people go shopping just to buy the necessary items in order to survive. The weekend is usually a good time to go shopping because people have free time from work. At this time the shops are usually very busy because people try to get the best items for the lowest price before the item runs out of stock. Some people go shopping more regularly than other people to browse products in shops even when they do not have much money. This is known as window shopping and allows people to plan ahead and save for the things they want to buy in the future or wait for the items to drop in price. Some people spend a lot of time looking for bargains while others do not think of the price and are happy to spend a lot. Some people believe that the more expensive the item, the better the quality, but this is not always true. It is sensible to buy items which are affordable, but some people use a credit card or borrow money from the bank so that they can buy the items they really want rather than wait for it. Sometimes shopping can be stressful when choosing a gift to buy other people for a special occasion. It is common to buy a gift voucher so that a friend or loved one can go shopping themselves at their own convenience. Shopping online is often popular with people who have a busy lifestyle. People are able to order their necessary and luxury items from the comfort of their own home, or even on the move. Delivery is usually free and items are often cheaper than in shops on the high street. The only real problem is that the item description and quality may be different than what they hoped for. This could mean the customer may become disappointed with the item they receive and will need to return it at their own cost. People who go to shops to do their shopping often use self-service payment machines. This usually saves time as the shopper does not need to join a long queue. However, it can be frustrating when the machine has a problem and the sales assistant is not always available to help.
Начало формы 1) Why is the weekend a good time to go shopping? A) It is very busy on the weekend. 2) What are people doing when they go shopping just to have a look and not to buy? A) Bargain hunting 3) What do some people usually think about items of better quality? A) They are cheaper 4) When can shopping be stressful? A) When shops are about to close 5) Is there sometimes a problem with online shopping? A) No the shops are open 24 hours a day Конец формы |
Tasks for self-study
a) Divide the following impersonal sentences into three groups: “Nature and weather”, “Time and distance, “Attitude to the fact”.
1. It always rains in autumn.
2. It was impossible to reach her by phone.
3. It snowed heavily last December.
4. It was six o’clock already.
5. It is much cheaper to get here by train.
6. It was getting cold.
7. It is early morning.
8. It's 10 degrees above zero.
9. It’s quite expensive to buy a brand new car.
10. It’s quite far from the post-office.
11. It will be 5 kilometres to the village.
12. It was quiet and mysterious up in the mountains.
13. It wasn’t cloudy this afternoon.
14. It’s noon.
15. It won’t be easy to find an experienced baby-sitter.
b) Write a short essay on one of the following topics.
1. Why I Like/Do Not Like Shopping.
2. My Memorable Purchase/Gift.
3. My Method of Shopping.
4. Men's and Women's Shopping Styles.
5. Shopping Styles of the Young and the Elderly.
6. The Presents We Give and Are Given.
7. Why I Never Buy Things in the Market/Boutiques.
TEXT
FASHION HURTS
Wearing fashionable clothes can be bad for you! This may surprise you, but it is said that some clothes can cause a A of problems. Do you find this difficult to believe? Well, researchers have discovered that following the latest fashion В can be unhealthy. For example, if you tie a scarf or tie too tightly it increases your blood pressure. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause С.Experts say that things we wear can also D to stomach problems, rashes, backache and painful feet. Yet how can we explain this? Very tight clothes can prevent people moving naturally, and this is not good for you. If you wear trousers or skirts that are too tight around the waist, then yourstomach does not have E to expand after you have eaten, and this can cause stomachache. Rashes can be caused by an allergic F to synthetic material. And last, but not least -wearing shoes with high heels can lead to foot and back problems. Even practical shoes can cause backache if they don't G you properly.
A 1) variety 2) group 3) bundle 4) collection
В 1) directions 2) trends 3)changes 4) cultures
С 1) complaints 2) conditions 3) illnesses 4) sickness
D 1) move 2) lead 3) go 4) grow
E 1) extend 2) area 3) place 4) room
F 1) reply 2) response 3) reaction 4) return
G 1)shape 2) match 3) suit 4) fit
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