Indirect orders and requests.

An order or a request in indirect speech is expressed by an infini­tive:

Shesaid to him, "Open the window (do not open the window)."	Shetold him to open the window (not to open the window).
Shesaid to him, "Please, open the window (do not open the window)."	Sheasked him to open the window (not to open the window).

The choice of the verb is determined by the character of the order (request).

The verb most commonly used to introduce indirect orders is the verb to tell; the verb to order is frequently used, occasionally also the verb to command.

The verb to tell corresponds to the Russian сказать, чтобы and велеть; to order and to command correspond to приказать.

Mr. Bumblesaid to Oliver, "Bow to the board."	Mr. Bumbleordered Oliver to bow to the board.
The officersaid to the soldiers, "Stop!"	The officercommanded the soldiers to stop.

The verb to request is used in official style, chiefly in the Passive Voice. It is best rendered in Russian by предложить.

The verb to request introduces rather a veiled order than a re­quest.

The ticket collectorsaid to the pas­senger, "Produce your ticket."

The ticket collectorrequested(предложил) the passenger to pro­duce his ticket. or: The passengerwas requested to pro­duce his ticket.

Unemotional requests are usually introduced by the verb to ask.

Hesaid to a passer-by, "Will you show me the way to the theatre?"

Heasked a passer-by to show him the way to the theatre.

The verb to beg introduces a request somewhat more emotional.

The childsaid to his mother, "Do take me to the circus!"

The childbegged his mother to take him to the circus.

Very often, however, it is used in the same meaning as the verb to ask, only it is more polite:

Hesaid to the visitor, "Will you walk in?"

Hebegged the visitor to walk in.

Emotional (emphatic) requests are introduced by the verbs to im­plore, to entreat, to beseech (умолять).

Elizasaid to the stranger, "Do save my child!"

Elizaimplored the stranger to save her child.

The verb to urge introduces a request made with great insistence. It corresponds to the Russian настаивать, уговаривать.

The mothersaid to her son," Do take care of yourself!"

The motherurged her son to take care of himself.

As is seen from the above examples, in converting requests begin­ning with the emphatic do, we use the verbs to implore, to entreat, to beseech, to urge.

Indirect offers, suggestions, and advice.

When converting offers and suggestions into indirect speech, we use the verbs to offer and to suggest. There is a difference between these two verbs, though both are rendered in Russian by 'предложить': the person who makes an offer intends to do the action himself, and the action is an act of kindness. A suggestion may also be an act of kindness, but not necessarily; the person who makes a suggestion may or may not intend to do the action himself.

Hesaid to her, "Shall I fetch you a glass of water?" She said, "Do, please." ("No, don't trouble.")	Heoffered to fetch her a glass of water and she accepted the offer (de­clined the offer).
Hesaid to her, "Suppose we go there together?" She said, "Very well." ("No, I would rather you went alone.")	Hesuggested that they should go there together and she consented (refused).

Note. If the verb to suggest is followed by a subordinate clause. The predicate of the subordinate clause is expressed by a verb in the analytical form of the Subjunctive Mood with the auxiliary should.

Sentences expressing advice are converted into indirect speech by means of the verb to advise.

Hesaid to them, "You had better take a taxi, you may be late."

Headvised them to take a taxi, as otherwise they might be late.

Indirect exclamations.

When exclamations are converted into indirect speech, it is not so much the verb as the adverbial modifier which shows the character of the exclamation — whether it expresses joy, sorrow, surprise, etc.

Shesaid, "How pleasant! Jane is go­ing to spend a week with us!"	Shecried joyfully (with joy, delight­edly) that Jane was going to spend a week with them.
Shesaid, "I am so sorry! Jane is leav­ing us!"	Shesaid sadly (with deep sadness, sorrowfully) that Jane was leaving them.
Shesaid, "I am sure we'll never meet again."	Shesaid regretfully she was sure they would never meet again.
Shesaid to them, "I'm sure you'll soon forget me."	Shesaid with bitterness that she knew (was sure) they would soon for­get her.
Shesaid to him, "You are telling a lie!"	Shecried indignantly (with indigna­tion) that he was telling a lie.
Shesaid to him, "Do you mean to say you've already read all the books?"	Sheasked in surprise if he had really read all the books.
Shesaid to him, "Excuse me for dis­turbing you."	Sheapologized (to him) for disturb­ing him.
Shesaid to him, "Beg your pardon, I've forgotten to bring you the book."	Shebegged his pardon for having forgotten to bring the book.
Shesaid to him, "Do forgive me for what I've done."	Shebegged his forgiveness (im­plored him to forgive her) for what she had done.
Shesaid to them, "Thank you for your help."	Shethanked them (expressed her gratitude to them) for their help.