Простое настоящее время (Present Simple)

В английском языке для обозначения действия, которое повторяется регулярно или является привычным для человека, употребляется глагол в форме простого настоящего времени (Present Simple). В предложениях обычно употребляются слова usually (обычно), always (всегда), often (часто), seldom (редко), every day (каждый день).

В утвердительных предложениях глагол в Present Simple совпадает с формой инфинитива без частицы to. В 3-м лице единственного числа к глаголу добавляется окончание -(e)s. Окончание -es добавляется к глаголам, которые заканчиваются на s, ss, x, ch, tch, sh.

e.g. teach –teaches, wash – washes

Окончание -(e)s произносится:

[s] – после глухих согласных (drink – drinks)

[z] – после звонких согласных и гласных (read – reads, play – plays)

[ız] – после свистящих и шипящих согласных (watch – watches)

В глаголах, оканчивающихся на y c предшествующей согласной, в 3-м лице единственного числа y меняется на i и прибавляется окончание - es.

e.g. study – studies, play – plays

Для образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений употребляется вспомогательный глагол do, в 3-м лице единственного числа он имеет форму does.

В отрицательных предложениях глагол do (does) ставится после подлежащего, за ним следует частица not и смысловой глагол (без to ).

В разговорной речи чаще употребляются сокращенные формы don’t и doesn’t.

e.g. I do not (don’t) live in London. He does not (doesn’t) like milk.

В вопросах вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. Смысловой глагол без частицы to стоит после подлежащего.

e.g. Do you work in Paris? When does he come home? Where does Kate live?

Вопрос к подлежащему имеет прямой порядок слов, т.е. порядок слов повествовательного предложения.

e.g. Who lives in a small house?

В кратких ответах на общие вопросы употребляется вспомогательный глагол в соответствующем лице.

e.g. Do you like coffee? – Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)

Does he read books? – Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t.)

Если сказуемое – глагол to be или have/has got, вопросы образуются без вспомогательного глагола.

e.g. Is he ill? Are you ten? Have you got a car? Has he got a sister?

Do you have a house? Does he have a radio?

 

Упражнения

 

I. A. Составьте предложения, используя оборот there is/are и слова-подсказки.

Example. park/city centre – There is a park in the city centre.

Pencil/box; taxi/street; teacher/room; children/photograph; three rooms/ house; ten students/group; computer/table; university/city; radio/living-room; sandwiches/table; book/bag; school/picture; shop-assistant/shop; two hotels/ city; doctors/hospital; picture/wall.

 

Б. Задайте вопросы, используя слова-подсказки. Дайте утвердительный либо отрицательный ответ.

Example: Is there a park in the city centre? – Yes, there is. (No, there isn’t.)

II. Дополните предложения, используя обороты there is, there are, is there, are there.

1. … four girls and two boys in her family.

2. … a bus to London?

3. … a new shop near the college.

4. … a good restaurant in this street?

5. … two hospitals in town.

6. … a lot of children in the room.

7. … three families in that house.

8. … a television in the flat?

9. … ten nurses in the hospital.

10. … buses in London?

11. … a famous actor in the picture.

12. … good hospitals in the city?

13. … delicious food on the table?

14. … a teacher in the class?

15. … any pictures on the wall?

16. … a lot of supermarkets in town?

 

 

III. А. Составьте вопросы, расположив слова в нужном порядке.

 

1. your, bedrooms, many, how, are, flat, there, in?

2. telephone, the, is, there, kitchen, a, in?

3. living room, a, the, there, is, in, television?

4. the, video recorder, a, is, there, television, under?

5. are, in, books, your, bedroom, there, a lot of?

6. pictures, there, are, the, on, any, wall?

 

Б. Задайте друг другу вопросы о квартире (комнате), в которой вы живете.

IV. А. Прочитайте текст и дополните предложения, используя some, any, a, an.

We live in a small, old house in Brighton, where there is a post office and a small shop. It has two bedrooms, a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. In the living room there are two armchairs, a sofa and an open fire. We have a television and a CD player. On the wall there are two pictures. It’s a very comfortable room, and in the evening we sit and watch television or listen to music.

In the dining room there is a table and four chairs. There are a lot of photographs on the walls. The kitchen is new. We have breakfast in the kitchen.

There is a big garden with flowers and trees. There are some very good pubs and restaurants nearby.

 

1. Is there … garden?

2. There are … good pubs nearby.

3. There is … post office and …… shop in Brighton.

4. Is there … living room in the cottage?

5. Are there … trees and flowers in the garden?

6. There is … open fire in the living room.

7. There is … bathroom in the house.

8. Is there … television in the living room?

9. Are there … restaurants nearby?

10. There are … flowers in the garden.

11. There is … table in the dining room.

 

Б. Напишите о своем доме (квартире).

 

 

V. Измените предложения, используя he или she.

Example. I read books in the evening. – He reads books in the evening.

1. I always listen to the radio in the mornings.

2. I teach English and French.

3. I walk to the office every day.

4. I watch the football on television every Saturday.

5. I write letters to my friends.

6. I drink a lot of tea with my breakfast.

7. I work in the garden on Sunday.

8. I speak French and a little Spanish.

9. I get up at 7 o’clock.

10. I have breakfast early.

11. I play tennis every weekend.

12. I go to a restaurant in the evening.

13. I like Spanish food and wine.

14. I live in the centre of London.

15. I stay at home in the evening.

16. I cook dinner in the kitchen.

 

 

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в правильной форме.

Example. I love classical music. (love)

He listens to music in the evening. (listen)

1. They usually … coffee after dinner. (drink)

2. I … a sandwich in the office. (have)

3. My parents usually … to my house on Sundays. (come)

4. They … German at school. (learn)

5. The shop … at 8 o’clock in the morning. (open)

6. Ted always … me with my homework. (help)

7. She … to college on her bike. (go)

8. The children … to bed at 10 o’clock. (go)

9. Kate … in a hospital. (work)

10. Alison … in a flat in London. (live)

11. My father … television most evenings. (watch)

12. I … at my computer every day. (work)

13. I … to work when the weather is bad. (drive)

14. We … chocolate every day. (buy)

15. Pete usually … lunch at one o’clock. (have)

16. My friends … hamburgers. (like)

 

 

VII. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.

Example. I live in London. – I don’t live in London.

 

1. They come from Australia.

2. He works in a French restaurant.

3. Kate plays tennis on Sunday.

4. I eat Italian food.

5. They go to university.

6. Ben wants to be a doctor.

7. We read books in the evening.

8. The children listen to music every day.

9. I have breakfast in the kitchen.

10. Alice goes shopping on Monday.

11. They do their homework in the morning.

12. I get up at 6.

13. My mother makes tea every morning.

14. His parents work late.

15. Her brother loves computers.

16. Jack goes to work by bus.

 

 

VIII. Добавьте do либо does, чтобы задать вопросы и do, don’t, does, doesn’t, чтобы дать краткие ответы.

Example. Does she live with her parents? – Yes, she does.

 

1. … you like your job? – No, I ….

2. … I speak Italian well? – Yes, you ….

3. … you drive to work? – No, I ….

4. … Alan smoke? – No, he ….

5. … they study French at university? – Yes, they ….

6. … your sister visit you very often? – Yes, she ….

7. … you usually give her a birthday present? – No, we ….

8. … you write to your parents very often? – No, I ….

9. … he help you very much? – Yes, he ….

10. … the shop close at 5 o’clock? – No, it ….

11. … they go swimming every weekend? – Yes, they ….

12. … it rain a lot here in winter? – Yes, it ….

13. … he drink a lot of tea? – No, he ….

14. … you like a big breakfast every morning? – Yes, I ….

15. … these children learn very quickly? – Yes, they ….

16. … Chris stay at a hotel very often? – Yes, he ….

 

 

IX. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

Example. Jack lives in London. – Where does Jack live?

1. He works in a hospital.

2. The children read books on Sunday.

3. His son does his homework in the evening.

4. They come home late because they are busy.

5. Alison teaches English.

6. They have three daughters.

7. I usually get up at 6 o’clock.

8. We go to work by bus.

9. My brother loves chocolate.

10. Jane buys food in a small shop.

11. Mark has lunch in a restaurant.

12. We usually watch TV in the evening.

13. She plays the piano at the weekend.

14. Kevin’s daughter lives in the country.

15. The film starts at 10 o’clock.

16. The bank opens at 9 in the morning.

 

 

X. А. Прочитайте текст.

 

Hello! My name’s Gordon Wilson. I come from Aberdeen in Scotland, but now I live and work in London. I have a very small flat near the centre. I’m a waiter and I’m also a student. I work in an Italian restaurant. I eat Italian food and I drink Italian and French wine. I don’t drink beer. I don’t like it. I play tennis at the weekend. I speak three languages – English, French and a little Italian. I want to be an actor.