Exercise 6. Render the following sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the international words and misleading words.

1. All examples are taken from actual texts.

2. This is dramatically illustrated by Ecrics.

3. The articles are arranged according to subject matter rather than chronology.

4. In addition to the work mentioned above, the volume contains six studies originally published in English.

5. The present notation is inaccurate and, in some cases, confusing.

6. The book concludes with a brief account of the renewed interests in Newton during recent decades.

7. The studies here range from the Middle Ages to the present, and offer a combination of general surveys along with detailed investigations of specific aspects.

8. Computers are something thought – unjustifiably – to demand deep technical knowledge or proficiency in mathematics and electronics. In actuality, computers, like any other discipline, inspire different levels of expertise.

9. The victory of the popular revolution in Cuba has become a splendid example for the people of Latin America.

10. As they realize in the fight for dramatic reforms, large sections of the population come to realize the necessity of unity of actions with the working class and become more active politically.

Exercise 7.Read and translate the following Text “Lasers”. Give a summary of the text.

A device that has received a great deal of publicity is the laser light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. This device produces beam of light composed of waves that are both monochromatic (all of one wavelength) and coherent (all in the same phase - that is all the peaks coinciding). These properties able the beam to be used as a source of considerable energy at sharply defined point, for welding, eye surgery, and similar applications. Because the beam is also extremely parallel, diverging very much less than ordinary light, it is used in space communications a laser beam that has travelled the quarter of million miles to the moon is still narrow enough to be useful.

The principle on which the laser works derives from an earlier device called the maser, which operates at microwave frequencies rather than optical frequencies. This principle is based on simulated emission that is, the emission of a photon by an atom in an excited state as the result of the impact of a photon from outside of exactly equal energy. In this way the stimulating photon is augmented by the photon from the excited atom.

Thus if an atom in a substance is excited it will emit a photon to bring it back to the ground state, if it is stimulated (hit) by a photon containing energy, equal to the difference between the excited and ground states. If a high proportion of the atoms in a substance is pumped to an excited state there is an avalanche effect. A stimulating photon from outside is doubled the first time it hits an excited atom, the two photons resulting then go on to double again by impacts with other excited atoms, and so on. All the photons have exactly equal energy, and are therefore associated with waves of identical wavelength.

A laser consists of a solid or gaseous active medium in which the majority of the atoms can be pumped to an excited state by exposing them to electromagnetic radiation of a different frequency to the stimulating frequency. The active medium consist of (or in the case of a gas is contained in) a transparent cylinder which acts as a resonant cavity the stimulated waves °f the same frequency making repeated passages up and down the cylinder.

 

 

VARIANT 4

Exercise 1.Analyze the sentences given below and state to which type they belong (simple, compound, complex, the type of subordinate clause if any); translate these sentences.

a) The advantages of cable telephony over radio telephony are free from atmospheric interference, the service is always available and the secrecy is better.

b) Soon after 1830 Ohm enunciated his law, which stated that the current through a circuit was directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.

c) According to this model, there is a practically complete analogy between exchange services and information products, so that the arguments may be transposed from one sector to the other.

Exercise 2. Find the stem of the given bellow derivatives. Give the Ukrainian equivalents of the words. Mind the translation of the misleading words:

Connection, integrated, reliable, unlimited, inclusion, validity, bargaining, hourly, identification, processing, transferring, declaration, coincidence, familiarity, reference, applicant, payable, undoubtedly, caterer, obtainable, inaccessible, scheduled, illegal, exceptional, irrational, renovation, outgoing, marketing, impersonal, rigidity, permission, tranquility, incoming, unskilled, qualitative, contributor, unoriginal, briefing, contracting, negotiator, promotion.

Exercise 3. Find the main meanings of the following words in a dictionary. Write not less than four most typical word-combinations with them.

n. fuel, gold, oxide, silver, value;

v. charge (elect), coat, interpret, provide, remain, state;

adj.single, valid.

Exercise 4. Form the proper English equivalents of the following Ukrainian words and word-combinations, using the word "energy":

атомна енергія, внутрішня енергія, біологічна енергія, енергія активації, енергія кванта, енергія спокою, звукова енергія, накопичена енергія, кінетична енергія, механічна енергія, потенціальна енергія, хімічна енергія, світлова енергія, питома енергія, теплова енергія, ядерна енергія.

Exercise 5. Arrange the following words in pairs according to:

a) similar meaning (synonyms): fierce, advanced, broad, severe, deep, indisputable, tremendous, wide, highly-qualified, developed, unquestionable, profound, well-trained, remarkable;

b) opposite meaning (antonyms): complete, high, favorable, important, advanced, short, peaceful, incomplete, low, broad, long, unfavorable, unimportant, backward, military, narrow.

Exercise 6. Render the following sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the translation of the terms and misleading words:

1) The one thing an archeologist is always cognizant of is the long term – especially long term patterns. (McCaffrey)

2) There was not a police force in the world that could monitor phone calls made on cellular-phone equipment.(Clancy)

3) A team of four snaked a fueling hose towards the aircraft, eager to demonstrate the speed with which the USNavy services aircraft. (Clancy)

4) Did the invaders exterminate the native population, or did they superimpose themselves upon them and became to some extent blended with them. (Metalious)

5) Naval intelligence reports that due to our successful actions during the past several weeks, as well as the actions of the rest of the Navy, the Chinese units in the area are running low on supplies and moral. (Clancy)

6) It wasn't a basketball, but a hybrid of rugby, wrestling, judo, and Basketball. (Grisham)

7) He was also a distinguished observer and an amazingly accurate forecaster of events. (Clancy)

8) He was one of my thesis readers. I'm an ethnologist. I study large mammals in Africa grassland ecosystem. East Africa. Carnivores, in particular. (Crichton)

9) Christine knew that was why credit managers occasionally risked extending credit or approved checks in slightly doubtful cases, walking a mental tightrope as they did. (Hailey)

10) After paying the outstanding mortgage and taking care of minor stockholders, there would be ample money left on which he could live, at whatever standards he chose, for the remainder of his life.

 

Exercise 7.Read and translate the following Text “Botulism”. Give a summary of the text.

Guidelines for the Control of Infectious Diseases. Copyright 2005 State of Victoria, Department of Human Services

Victorian statutory requirement

Clostridium botulinum infection (Group A disease) must be notified immediately by telephone or fax followed by written notification within five days.

School exclusion is not required.

Infectious agent

Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming anaerobic bacillus. Several serotypes exist, however types A, B and E cause most human disease.