Anna was the main deity of the city of Kanes, 134 appearing next to Assur as
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- Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen
- Prof. Maciej Popko, who kindly read through an earlier draft of the manuscri.pt.
- ArOr Archiv Orientalin, Praha
- Fesseur Rene Lebrun. Collection KUBABA, Serie Antiquite VI, Paris 2004
- Fs van Loon O.M.C. Haex - H.H. Curvers - P.M.M.G. Akkermans (eds), To the Euphrates and Be
- Kaskal kaskal, Rivista di storia, ambienti e cuitura del VIcino Oriente antico, Roma
- Syria Syria. Revue d’art oriental et d’archeologie, Paris
- Cording to the do ul des principle - influence their decisions with appropriate gifts,
- As a means and a way of contacting the gods and influencing their decisions. Cel-
- Inging graphic customs; hence it does not contribute to defining historical
- Later, in the ninth millennium BC, in the Taurus piedmoni and the river valleys of
- Cut by strong leveling or egalitarian proeesses, see Kuijt (ed.) 2000 for a full review of the debate.
- Ports. 1 Links with the Levant (Nahal Hemar) are also evidenced by the stone face
- Ahmar on the eastem bank of the Euphrates already on the Syrian side of the modern
- Does not lie, unfortunately, with yet another stela with sehematic facial features in
- Mellaart 1967: 1.08; cf. also Hodder — Cessford 2004: 23f.
- Uniike the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age anthropomorphic figurines which
- Meskell - Nakamura — King - Fand 2008: 144.
- Many structures discovered at Early Bronze Age sites have been interpreted as
- On long necks. The figurines are found usually in houses, also in buildings inter-
- Tion of metal objects, jewelry, weapons, and vessels made from copper, silver, and
- More is known about the beliefs of this period: the origins and names of prominent
- Ed gods of different origin: Luwian, Hittite, Hattian, and perhaps also from a local
- Anna was the main deity of the city of Kanes, 134 appearing next to Assur as
- Divine patron of the king and dynasty, and the second for a deity of Kanes, com-
- On iconographic similarities sfaould be treated with due caution.
- Century BC. 168 These were the kings who bullt the greatness of the Hittite Empire
- Northern Anatolia both grew from the indigenous Hattian tradition. 1t is quite likely,
- Most important States in central Anatolia, encompassing a considerable territory in
- Hittite heartland, e.g. Ankuwa, Tawiniva and Katapa, as well as the chief god of
- Palhuna / Storm-god of Ziplanda with Katahhi / Ulza, Uliw/pasu, Katarzasu / Su-
- God of Ziplanda, Katahhi of Ankuwa, and Teteshapi, whose main cult center was
- And the Hattians. ” In myths, Hapantali appears beside the Luwian goddess Kam-
- Period the goddess’s name was usually written with the logogram LAMMA, see 3.2.1)
- Theon. Some lists of gods mention Mm next to the Storm-god and the Sun-goddess
- Nerik; accordingly, offerir.gs are made to the Storm-god of Nerik, the Sun-goddess of the Earth,
- Century BC, the ceremonial throne Halmasuit was one of the cult objects in the temple
- Geneous, reflecting the ethnic differentiation of the population of the land of Haiti.
- Tral Anatolia dropped the male solar deity under the influence of Hattian beliefe
- Traditionai structure of the local pantheon with a nature goddess at the head to
- At the time also with the logograms NIN.URTA and URAS started being used
- An unpublished text 1320/z which mentions the Storm-god of Ziplanda (obv. 8’, IO 1 ) and Anzili
- To Hattian Katahzipuri, 298 which may suggest that the goddess, who was worshiped
- Ion and the traditions of local cults in central and northern Anatolia did not change
- With war-gods and sometimes also with the deity GAL.ZU. Finde of zoomorphic vessels
- To one text, it was where people gathered during the day and the gods at
- Ready in existence in Old Hittite times. The Hittite names, however, are unknown.
- SANGA-priests. Cf. also Popko 2001a; -328.
- The cult of specific deities. The tazzeli- priest is encountered solely in the cult of Zi-
- Tions. The gods received loaves of bread and specific parts of sacrificial animals (the
A divine witness in contracts between Assyrian merchants and their Anatolian Part
ners. 1 ' 3 " She is presumably the bearer of epithets like ‘goddess of the city’ and ‘god-
Dess of Kanes.’ The king visited Anna’s temple on the day of her festival which took
Place early in the year. Anna is mentioned in later Hittite texts (like Perwa, whose
sacred animal was a horse, and the harvest and fertility deity Parka) in connection
With Luwian cults, arnong others, in the cult of Huwassanna of Hubesna (Classical
Kybistra in Lycaonia, modern Eregli) (see 3.2.4). Another important god of Kanes
For the hamrum, see Schwemer 2001: 245ff.: Prechel 2008: 127f.
Kryszat 2006a: 106ff.
See above, with n. 126.
Kryszat 2006a: 1081. 117ff,
ICK I 32 1 Off.. Hecker - Kryszat - Matous 1998: I 651 12’ff. See Kryszat 2006a: 109, 118.
Liniess it is a homonymy,
Kanesite Gods in the Light of the Cappadocian Tablets 29
-was Nipas * a ' (missing in Hittite texts), whose festival came some time after that of
Anna and was similarly eelebrated by the ruler visiting the temple. Parka haci her
Own festival which, assumitig her nature in this period was like that in Hittite times,
138
Was eelebrated presumably in the fall, after the harvest.
Harihari and Tuhtuhani also had their festivals. 1 "" The former is probably to be
Identified with the deity Halehare/Haliliari who had a ritual eelebrated in her name
In Old Hittite times during the great festival at Ziplaeda (3.1.3). During the winter
Festival eelebrated for the Sun-goddess of Arinna in Hattusa, the queen, in the pres-
Ence of the king, poured a libation to blalihari by the sacred bed in the Sun-god-
140
Dess’s bed chamber. This leads to further associations between Harihari. and the
Domestic deity Haristassi of Hittite texts, who was a guardian of the granary and
141
Alcove and whom the queen sacrificed to sitting on the bed in her bed chamber.
The Grain-goddess, whose Hittite name Halki is evidenced in theophoric names,
Was worshiped in Kanes throughout the Old Assyrian Colony period ander the
Mesopotamian name Nisaba (assuming it is not just a question of Dotation). This
Could testify to early influence of Syro-Mesopotamian beliefs, similarly as in the case
of the cult of the ‘Storm-god of the Head’ (D 1SKUR SA QAQQA/ID1M), 1 ‘ ’ Isfeara,
And Kuba bat who is identified with Kubaba, the goddess of the Syrian city of Kar-
Kamis.
The Kanesite pantheon that is revealed in the texts from Level Ib obviously
Underwent transformation during the period between Level II and Ib. A Storm-god
Absent from the Level II documents Stands at its head, eclipsing Anna in impor-
144
Tance and replacing her also as a witness god to contracts between Assyrian mer
chants and the local ruler.' " The appearance of the Storm-god in the pantheon of
Kanes in the nineteenth-eighteenth Century BC coincided with the development of
Worship of this category of gods in northern Mesopotamia and Syria, where they
Kryszat. 2006a: 113f. There are no reasons, linguistic or otherwise, for linking the god’s name
with Hittite nepis- *sky.'
Cf. Otten 1959a; 1992: 34fl
Kryszat 2006a: 110, 116.
KUB 2.6 ii 40f. Cf. Popko 2003b: 14f.
141 KBo 20.51 i 7’—9\ Haas 1994a: 261 f. Cf. also Otten — von Soden 1968: 32; Otten 1972—1975a.
Kryszat 2006a: 121.
Kryszat 2006a: 120.
Kryszat 2006a: 1061
145 kt ÖÖ/k 6 1, Günbatti 2004: 251.fl
The Old Assybian Oolony Period
30
146
Took over the ieading role in the officiai pantheons. The prominent Position ot the
Storm-god and Anna, divine guardian of the city, hrings to mind the structure of
The pantheon of Hattusa, where Anna’s place is taken by the goddess Inar (see 3.1.1).
147
The new dynasty from Kusear (of Pithana and Anitta), which seized power m
Kanes toward the and of the Level Ib period, imposed its own royal ideology, best ex-
Pressed in Anitta’s buildmg of a temple for the Throne-goddess Halmasuit. The rule of
The later Old Hittite dynasty was based on similar ideology. Anitta erected another
Two temples, the first for the Storm-god of Heaven with the Hittite name Tarhuna,
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