Answer the following questions. 1. What sources of food are most important for man?

1. What sources of food are most important for man? 2. Is the root system as important as stems and leaves? 3. What are the main functions of roots? 4. Where is the food necessary for the growth of the plant manufactured? 5. What do leaf veins serve as? 6. How do the shape and the position of leaves vary? 7. What is the  main  function  of  leaves?  8. What is the function of flowers?

9. Where are seeds produced? 10. What does a seed consist of?

 

Make up the plan of text A and retell it.

Text B

Get acquainted with text B and find in the text answers to the following questions.

1. What organism do plants include? 2. How many plant species has botany identified? 3. Where do green plants obtain their energy from? 4. Describe the process of photosynthesis. 5. What is chlorophyll? 6. What do the majority of plants require to grow successfully? 7. What is the growth of plants determined by?

 

Skim the text and determine what the text is about.

Plant

Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include such organisms as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses and algae. The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 350 000 species of plants. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via a process called photosynthesis.

About 350 000 species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns exist currently. Some 287 655 species had been identified, of which 258 650 are flowering plant, 16 000 bryophytes, 11 000 ferns and 8 000 green algae.

Most of the solid material in plant is taken from the atmosphere. Through a process known as photosynthesis, most plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, plus water into simple sugars. Parasitic plants, on the other hand, use the resources of its host to grow. Chlorophyll, a green-colored, magnesium-containing pigment is essential to this process; it is generally present in plant leaves, and often in other plant parts as well. For the majority of plants to grow successfully they also require oxygen in the atmosphere and around their roots for respiration.

The genotype of a plant affects its growth. Growth is also determined by environmental factors, such as temperature, available light, and available nutrients in the soil.

Human cultivation of plants of agriculture is the bases of human civilization. Much of human nutrition depends on land plants either directly or indirectly.

Notes:

lifespan – продолжительность жизни

bryophytes – бриофиты

ferns – папоротники

mosses – мхи

host – растение-хозяин

 

In what paragraph of the text can you find the information about the environmental factors determining plant growth?

Find in the text the English equivalent to the sentence: «Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via a process called photosynthesis».

5. Summarize all the problems covered in text В in 5–6 sentences..

 

Unit 4

Grammar Revision: Passive Voice

Text A:               Flower

Text B:               Functions of Flowers

 

Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)

Форма залога показывает, является ли подлежащее в предложении (лицо или предмет) производителем или объектом действия, выраженного сказуемым.

Пассивный залог (Passive Voice) показывает, что лицо или предмет, выраженное подлежащим, испытывает действие на себе:

The big cake was baked by Sam. Большой пирог был испечен Сэмом.

Пассивный залог употребляется, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несуществен, или когда действие или его результат более интересны, чем исполнитель.

Образование пассивного залога

Для того, чтобы получить форму глагола в пассивном залоге, необходим вспомогательный глагол to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) значимого глагола:

This building will be demolished next month. – Это здание будет снесено в следующем месяце.

My dog has been stolen. – Мою собаку украли.

В отрицательных предложениях частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола, а если их несколько, то после первого из них:

He has not been seen anywhere. – Его нигде не видели.

В вопросительных предложениях вспомогательный глагол (или первый из них) выносится на место перед подлежащим:

Was your wallet stolen? – Ваш бумажник был украден?

Таблица 3 – Временные формы глагола в страдательном залоге (Passive Form) To be + Participle II

Инфинитив	Simple (to be asked)	Continuous	Perfect (to have been asked)
Время
Present	Am /asked Is /asked Are /asked	Am /being asked Is /being asked Are /being asked	Have/been asked Has/been asked
Past	Was /asked Were /asked	Was /being asked Were /being asked	Had been asked
Future	Shall (I, we)/ be asked Will /be asked	–	Shall /have been asked Will /have been asked

Пассивный залог не может быть использован во временах группы Perfect Continuous и времени Future Continuous.