Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct forms.

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro sta­tion and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

 

Correct the mistakes.

1.Mike told the policeman that he lost his identity card. 2. Jane said to Dick that Julia doesn’t live next to her. 3. She told the detective that she sees the thief in the house. 4. He said that he ate nothing since morning. 5. My girlfriend told me that she was ready in a few minutes. 6. Tom’s boss said to him that he hasn’t done the work properly. 7. Anna said that she doesn’t want to wear her old dress. 8. Her brother told her that they will have plenty of time to do their work.

Text A

Vocabulary list

grass family – семейство злаков

valuable – ценный

humid – влажный

area – площадь, область

arid – сухой, засушливый

to prevail – преобладать

favor – способствовать, благоприятствовать

destructive – губительный, разрушительный

annual – годовой, однолетний

rainfall – осадки

inch – дюйм

moderate – умеренный

spring wheat – яровая пшеница

winter wheat – озимая пшеница

to sow – сеять

to mature – созревать

joint – узел, сочленение

jointed – узловатый

hollow – полый 

node – узел

internode – междоузлие  

fibrous – мочковатый

beard – ость

beardless – безостый

winter hardiness – зимостойкость

preceding crop – предшествующая культура

stubble – стерня

 

1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:

throughout the world, from time immemorial, a true annual, destructive diseases, a wide range, the early stages of growth, on the other hand, seedbed preparation, winter wheat varieties, annual rainfall, to be of prime importance, fibrous root system, hollow stem, as a rule.

Read and translate the text.

Wheat

Wheat is cultivated throughout the world. It is known to have been grown extensively in Asia, in Europe and in the Northern part of Africa from time immemorial. The farmers of China are believed to have grown this crop at least 3000 years ago.

Wheat belongs to the grass family Graminea. It is one of the most valuable plants.

We know wheat to have been adapted to a very wide range of both soil and climatic conditions. Only barley, potatoes and a few other crops are known to be grown under colder conditions than wheat.

On the other hand, no part of the earth is too hot for the production of wheat if the climate is not too humid. Wheat cannot be grown successfully in areas where both warm and humid conditions prevail, because such conditions favor the rapid development of destructive diseases.

There are both humid and arid limits for growing wheat. In the USA most of the crop is grown in regions where the annual rainfall is less than 30 inches, that is, in places where moderate rainfall conditions prevail.

Botanical characters The wheat plant is a true annual. There are spring wheat varieties sown early in spring and harvested in the late summer. There are also winter wheat varieties sown in the fall and maturing early the following summer. Both varieties are widely grown throughout the world.

The root system of wheat is like that of corn and oats, that is a fibrous one. The numerous fibrous roots grow from the lower joints of the stem and are usually found in the surface soil.

Like most of the grasses, the stems of wheat are jointed and hollow. During the early stages of growth they are very short, though they very early develop the entire number of nodes and internodes.

Preparation of the land Sufficient moisture should be present to ensure prompt germination and a good growth of the young plants. The time and method of seedbed preparation is determined largely by the prevailing climatic conditions as well as by crop that wheat follows in the rotation.

Plowing is usually the first step to make in seedbed preparation especially when wheat follows small grains in the rotation.

As a rule, winter wheat is seeded on land that is plowed in the summer or early fall preceding planting. Numerous experiments have shown the value of early preparation in areas of limited rainfall where water conservation is of prime importance. The sooner the field is plowed under after harvesting the preceding crop the better, since it ensures a better preservation of soil moisture and decomposition of stubble is thus encouraged.

3. Find in the text the following word combinations:

оба сорта, мочковатая корневая система, сорта озимой пшеницы, годовое количество осадков, сохранение воды, приспособиться к широкому диапазону почвенно-климатических условий, широко возделывается, принадлежать к семейству злаковых, ценное растение.