Настоящее время совершенного вида

The Present Perfect Tense образуется при помощи глагола to have b Present Simple (Indefinite) в Participle II (причастия II) смыслового глагола.

Запомните: Причастие II правильных глаголов совпадает с формой прошедшего времени (Past Indefinite).

У неправильных глаголов причастие II имеет свою индивидуальную форму, в большинстве случаев отличную от формы прошедшего времени.

Exercise 1. Give the three forms of the following verbs.

Write, speak, read, make, teach, give, take, bring, buy, catch, sell, say, tell, do, go, come, put, send, spend, cost, fight, sit, stand, understand, forget, build, forgive, fly, cut, lead, become,

 

Exercise 2. Supply the Present Perfect Tense of the verbs in brackets.

1. I (not get) the grant this year.

2. The settlers (leave) the bay forever.

3. He (not answer) my letter yet.

4. You ever (eat) caviar?

5. She recently (become) a student.

6. They (travel) all over the world.

7. How long yon (be) here?

8. I saw her in May but I (not see) her this month.

9. My friend (buy) a new car.

10. I (lose) my gloves.

11. I never (ride) a camel.

 12. They never (behave) tike this before.

The Present Perfect употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, закончившегося к моменту речи и связанного с ним своим результатом:

Look, I've brought you some flowers.

 

2. Для выражения нескольких однородных действий, которые были совершены в прошлом, но связь их с настоящим очевидна:

They have been to Britain twice, (in their life, up to now).

 

3. Когда время совершения действия не укачано, внимание говорящего сосредоточено на самом факте его совершения и его результате

в настоящем:

A terrorist has killed the bank manager. (He is dead).

 

4. The Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени: ever, never, just, already, often, (not) yet, always, lately, of late. Предложения с этими наречиями переводятся на русский язык и прошедшем времени:

He has just come. –Он только что пришел.

5. The Present Perfect употребляется с обстоятельственными словами, обозначающими неистекшие периоды времени: today, this week, this month, this year:

He has often met Alice this week.

 

Exercise 3. Insert since or for into the appropriatesentences.

Example: Where is Kate? Oh, she's been in

London since 1993.

1. I've known him... a long time. 2. We've been on holiday... three weeks. 3. He's been a student... four years, 4. She hasn't been to work... July. 5. She has been ill... a fortnight. 6. They have been divorced... last year. 7. We have been very busy... Christmas. 8. My grandmother has been a pensioner... five years. 9. He has been away... a month.

 

Exercise 4. Insert already, ever, yet, just  into the appropriate sentences.

1. Have you... been to South Africa? 2. Have you... finished writing your essay or did you finish it earlier? - I haven't finished it.... 3. Shall 1 pay the waiter? - No, I've... paid the bill. 4. Have you... spoken to a famous person? 5. Ann, lay the table. I've... cooked dinner. 6. They don't know what the problem is. They have... arrived. 7. Is it a good film? - Yes, it's the best I have... seen. 8. The post hasn't come.... 9. She has.., explained the situation to me. 10. He hasn't invited me to the party.... 11. Nobody has found the lost city of Atlantis....

Exercise 5. Supply either the Present Simple or thePresent Perfect in the following sentences.

1. I can't speak about the book. I (not read) it yet.

2. Every day 1 (wind up) my watch at 7 o'clock in the morning.

3. It's Friday.... you (see) him this week?

4. Students usually (buy) books at the House of Books.

5. It's a pity, but I (not buy) this dictionary yet.

6. As a rule we (do) many exercises in class.

7. He (tell) this joke many times.

8. Something (go) wrong with my watch.

9. I already (translate) these sentences into French.

10. They (have) their English many hours a week.

11. She (work) much and usually (get) many good marks.

12. We (buy) a new TV set this year.

 

Exercise 6. Supply one of the Present Tenses: The Present Simple, the Present Continuous, the Present Perfect.

1. I must know what you (talk) about. 2. I hear that you (be) in this country for some time. 3. He (admire) you tremendously. He (see) the play three times. 4. I (not know) what Harry (say) to yon. 5. I want to see how much he (change) since I (see) him last. 6. We (be) to the pictures about twice a week ever since. 7. Hallo, what you (do) there at this late hour? 8. I (suppose) you never (have) anything to do with those people? 9. She (be awake) since two in the morning 10. I always (stay) in my dressing-room and (rest) till the evening performance. Can't I come and see you while you (rest)? 11. I (hear) you (look) for a new house. 12. Since the tragedy Mr. Holmes and I (hear) of many strange things. 13.... (happen) anything else since your arrival in London?

 

Exercise 7. Rewrite the sentences using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.

Examples: I am writing a letter to my cousin (already, yesterday)

I have already written a letter to in cousin.

I wrote a letter to my cousin yesterday,

1. The waitress is bringing our tea. (a few minutes ago, not yet)

2. The bell is ringing, (just; some minutes ago)

3. He is going to London in a few days. (already; last week)

4. The boys are playing football in the yard now. (yesterday; many times)

5. Mother is reading a new novel by Aitmatov. (tins month; last year)

6. Students are cleaning their classrooms, (already; last Saturday)

7. The teacher is explaining a new rule. (Just; at the previous lesson)

8. Ann is doing her homework now. (just; on Friday)

9. They are discussing this problem again, (many times; a few days ago)

10. Granny is making a birthday cake. (just; yesterday)

11. The birds are flying to the South, (already; at the end of August)

12. The train is coming. (just; an hour ago)

13. Who is your friend speaking to? (yesterday, just)

14. We are writing the words of Lesson 7. (already, at the last lesson)