III. Find in the text irregular verbs and give their principal forms.

 

IV. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following word combina­tions:

Был разработан в середине 60-х годов; люди, имеющие небольшой или не имеющие вовсе опыта программирования; программист – новичок; первая механическая суммирующая машина; давать студентам понятия программирования; программа состоит из модулей.

 

V. Paraphrase the underlined words or word combinations:

1. was developed in the mid-1960s;

2. a novice programmer;

3. complex programs;

4. who invented the first mechanical adding machine;

5. is made up of models called procedures.

 

VI. Make the following sentences passive:

1. A novice programmer can write fairly complex programs in BASIC.

2. Niklaus Wirth, a Swiss computer scientist, developed Pascal in1970.

3. Wirth named the language after the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal.

4. Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical adding machine.

 

VII. Make the following sentences active:

1. BASIC can be used by people with little or no programming experience.

2. This general-purpose language can be used to write programs.

3. Pascal was first developed to teach programming concepts to students.

4. Each Pascal program is made up of models called procedures.

 

VIII. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the acronym BASIC mean? When was it developed and what are its main features?

2. Can an inexperienced person use BASIC?

3. Where can one apply BASIC?

4. What is Pascal and why was it called so? Who invented this language and when?

5. What makes this programming language widespread as a teaching tool? And what is each Pascal program made up of?

 

IX. Speak on the two languages:

  1) when and where they were developed;

 2) their features.

Lesson 3

Languages Logo, C.

Text.

LOGO.

 

Logo is a procedure-oriented, interactive programming language developed initially by Seymour Papert and the MIT Logo group in the late 1960s, like BASIC and Pascal, it was originally designed as a teaching tool. Logo's main attraction is that it allows children and adults of all ages to begin to program and communicate with the computer in a very short period of time. Logo allows the user to draw im­ages, animate them, and color them using very simple instructions. Logo accom­plishes this interactive programming of graphics through a triangular object called a turtle, which leaves a graphic trial in its path. The user can easily command the turtle to draw straight lines, squares, or other objects as his or her skill level in­creases. The strengths of Logo lie in its ability to help the inexperienced user learn logic and programming. Logo helps the user to determine and develop the proce­dures required to solve a given problem using the computer. It also helps the user to learn to communicate with the computer and to develop an understanding of what programming is all about, including how to debug programs.

 

C.

 

Developed in 1972, C is rapidly becoming popular for both system and appli­cation programming. C is popular for several reasons. First, it is independent of machine architecture, so that C programs are portable. That is, the same program can be run on different computers. Second, C can be implemented on a wide vari­ety of systems. Third, it includes many structured programming features found in languages like Pascal. C was designed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. C is a general - purpose language that features economy of expression, modern data structures, and a rich set of operators. Although it is considered a system pro­gramming language, it is also useful for numerical, text-processing, and data-base programs.

 

ACTIVE WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS:

to animate -оживлять                       

square- квадрат                                 

triangular (triangle) –треугольный (треугольник)       

application program – прикладная программа

portable – портативный, переносимый

trial – испытание, проба; опытный

procedure-oriented programming- процедурное программирование

data-base programs – база данных программ

to debug – отлаживать (программу)

to implement – выполнять, осуществлять

 

ASSIGNMENTS:

I. Pronounce the words  correctly:

Procedure, group, originally, to design, to allow, period, object, path, to com­mand, to accomplish, to draw, triangular, straight, square, turtle, to require, popu­lar, both, architecture, expression, portable, numerical.

 

II. Translate into Russian:

In the late 1960s; children and adults of all ages; which leaves a graphic trial in its path; as his or her skill level increases; to determine and develop the proce­dures required to solve a given problem; to develop an understanding of what pro­gramming is all about; C is rapidly becoming popular for both system and applica­tion programming; a rich set of operators.

III. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following word combina­tions:

    Через очень короткий отрезок времени; рисовать образы, «оживлять» их и раскрашивать; треугольный объект, названный «черепашка»; рисовать прямые линии; помогать неопытному пользователю освоить логику и программировании; Си популярен по нескольким причинам; одна и та же программа может выполняться на разных компьютерах; хотя он рассматривается как язык системного программирования.

 

IV. Define the terms in English:

To animate, square, triangular, application programming.

 

V. Make up your own sentences with the following words and word combina­tions:

To be initially developed by; in the late 70s/80s/90s; to be originally de­signed by, to communicate with the computer; to debug programs; to become popular rapidly, to be portable, to run on different machines; to be independent of smth.

 

VI. Make up 5 sentences of your own according to the model:

C was designed by Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories.